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ELASTIC TAPING APPLIED TO THE RECTUS FEMORIS MUSCLE ALTERS INSTEP KICKING KINEMATICS IN SOCCER
Get PDFWe aimed to clarify the immediate effect of an elastic taping application on the kinematics of soccer instep kicking. Fourteen male university recreational soccer players performed maximal instep kicking with and without an elastic taping applied to the rectus femoris muscle, and their kicking motions were captured using a motion capture system at 500Hz. Prior to the kicking session, the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle was measured using an ultrasound scanner. The elastic taping application significantly increased the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle. Alongside this change, initial ball velocity, peak hip flexion angular velocity, and foot linear velocities increased significantly, whereas knee extension angular velocity and hip linear velocity did not change. It is considered that the elastic taping application may enhance the function of the rectus femoris muscle, thereby inducing these kinematic changes during kicking. These findings suggested that an elastic taping application may be an effective tool to improve the performance of soccer instep kicking
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ELBOW VARUS TORQUE USING ONLY A BASEBALL WITH AN EMBEDDED SENSOR
Get PDFCurrently, to measure the elbow varus torque during baseball pitching, it is necessary to attach markers and sensors to the body. The purpose of this study is to develop the method for estimating elbow varus torque by only a baseball with an embedded sensor, and examine the accuracy. Eight baseball pitchers threw a four-seam fastball with maximum effort. The varus torque was estimated using one-link-segment model by an accelerometer and gyro sensor placed in the baseball. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients between the maximum values of the varus torque calculated by the proposed method and the values calculated by the motion capture system was high (ICC(3,1) = 0.73).This result indicates that proof of concept by one-link model is success and warrants future research to potentially develop a system with greater accuracy
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOWER-LIMB STRENGTH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIP CONTROL DURING LOAD CARRIAGE IN FEMALES
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower-limb strength on lower-limb biomechanical responses over the duration of a load carriage march. Female civilians (n=12) completed a 5 km march at 5.5 km·h-1 wearing a 23 kg external load before and after 10 weeks of hip-focussed training. Lower-limb 3D kinematics were acquired during the march, with lower-limb strength measures assessed prior to pre- and post-training marching tasks. Significant increases in lower-limb strength were elicited after training, alongside moderate to strong negative correlations between strength and hip adduction (
COMPARISON OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE TRIALS BY FEMALE DISCUS THROWERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that caused poor records of female discus throwers by comparing their success and failure trials in the same competition. Seven female discus throwers were recorded with two video cameras in competition and their trials were analysed by a three-dimensional DLT method. The increase in discus speed from L-ON (the left foot grounded) to REL (discus was released) was smaller in failure trials than in success trials. The horizontal rotation of shoulders and hips from L-ON to REL was smaller in failure trials than in success trials. The upper limb moved towards throwing direction earlier in failure trials than in success trials. The decrease in twist angle of trunk at L-ON is considered to relate poor records in female discus throwers
Kissing the Archimedeans
Get PDFIn this paper the three dimensional kissing problem will be related to the Platonic and Archimedean solids. On each polyhedra presented their vertices will have spheres expanding such that the center of each of these outer spheres are the vertices of the polyhedron, and these outer spheres will continue to expand until they become tangent to each other. The ratio will be found between the radius of each outer sphere, and the radius of an inner sphere such that each inner sphere\u27s center is the circumcenter of the polyhedron, and the inner sphere is tangent to each outer sphere. Every Platonic and Archimedean solid has a unique outer sphere to inner sphere ratio. The circumradius of the Platonic and Archimedean solids will be found by solving for the circumradius of the polyhedra\u27s vertex figure. After the circumradius is found, the relation between the edge length of the solids, and the circumradius is converted to the radius of the outer spheres, r, and the radius of the inner sphere, R
THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS VIRILIZING TESTOSTERONE ON STRENGTH TRAINING AND SELF-COMPASSION IN TRANSGENDER NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS
Get PDFPrevious exercise science research has excluded transgender nonbinary individuals from their studies. Exercise has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as improve body composition. Purpose: Identify the impacts of exogenous testosterone on relative strength and levels of self-compassion in transgender nonbinary individuals. Methods: Eighteen untrained individuals (6 transgender nonbinary, 6 ciswomen, and 6 cismen, mean age of 23.7 ± 3.5 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week resistance training group or a non-exercise control group. Participants completed a 12-question survey of self-compassion followed by, assessment of strength for chest and leg press. Results: Data was analyzed using three-way (group x time x category) mixed ANOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. There were no statistically significant results. Partial eta squared values shows high effect for chest press intervention and category (0.559 & 0.323). Levels of self-compassion & Category indicate low effect in the intervention (ηp2 = 0.004) effect and high effect within the category (ηp2 =0.295). Regardless of gender, relative strength increased. Conclusions: Levels of relative strength may have had positive statistical significance with the inclusion of more participants due to the effect size seen. These results have implications suggesting further research is needed understand exogenous testosterone, to levels of self-compassion and relative strength
Letter from the Editor 2022
Get PDFLetter from the Chief Editor of Conspectus Borealis, Bailey Gomes. Thank you to everyone who made this submission possible
Passing Through Beringia: Enhanced Sampling Resolves the History of Intercontinental Dispersal
No full textTerrestrial communities in North America were assembled through a history of climate-driven colonization across the Bering Land Bridge, which periodically connected Asia to North America during the Pleistocene. Taxa moving across the bridge carried their parasites, and studying these parasites can inform our understanding of the host’s intercontinental dispersal. For instance, the pika, a small lagomorph, carries a wide diversity of parasites that have recently indicated two different aspects of pika biogeographic history. Phylogenetic studies of Schizorchis, a genus of tapeworms that resides in pikas, demonstrated two episodes of North American colonization from Asia roughly 10 million and 4 million years ago. Separately, evidence from five lineages of pika parasites depicted a northward colonization from North America’s Intermountain West to Northern Canada and Alaska. We tested these hypotheses using an extended dataset obtained from two subgenera of pinworms, Labiostomum (Labiostomum) and Labiostomum (Eugenuris). We sequenced three regions of DNA: two mitochondrial and one nuclear. We used these data to create phylogenetic trees that show the relationships between pinworms of different localities, which then depict the colonization history. Our results confirmed two episodes of eastward colonization; however, the south-to-north hypothesis was not supported. These findings imply distinct waves of eastward colonization by pikas, but movement of host populations within North America was not resolved
Quandles that are Knot Quandles
Get PDFThere are many papers that introduce the relationship between knots and quandles which are written tersely and focus mainly on applications or implications. Here, we will take time to explain in depth how to derive quandles from oriented knots. Starting with an rigorous introduction to what a knot is and what a quandle is, we will also define the Fundamental Quandle of a knot and the relationship between colorings of a knot and the homomorphisms from an arbitrary quandle to a Fundamental Quandle. Then using this foundation, we will examine two sets of knots that produce quandles that contain subquandles and the set of quandles created by non-oriented knots
The Need For Introspective Analysis During Teaching
Get PDFThis qualitative, phenomenological research study was designed to study the impact reflection has on student teachers. This study examines how and if reflection changes teaching practice. Specifically, how do student teachers use reflection to change practices during student teaching experiences? Critical reflection is the process by which adults identify the assumptions governing their actions, locate the historical and cultural origins of the assumptions, question the meaning of assumptions, and develop alternative ways of acting (Cranton 1996, p. 211). After conducting thorough interviews, the following themes emerged: Time Perspective Reflective Process
With the findings of this study, teacher education programs and schools alike will understand the dynamics of reflection, the difficulties that arise, and the need for creating sound reflective practices, which will support the continuing efforts of reflection in order to change teaching practice