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TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL STIMULATION DOES NOT DECREASE TORQUE LOSS OVER HIGH INTENSITY REPETITIONS
Get PDFTranscutaneous Electrical Stimulation, TENS, has been used widely as an analgesic and ergogenic aid for many years. Compared to other modalities of electrical stimulation, TENS has been shown to provide some benefits in exercise performance by reducing pain and increasing endurance in low intensity applications, such as time trial cycling or isometric endurance. While TENS has been shown to have a significant effect on exercise induced pain in individuals performing endurance activities, to my knowledge it has not been examined in high intensity contractions. 18 active young adults (age: 23.11 years ± 2.08, resistance training experience: 7.08 years ± 3.79, height: 170.50 cm ± 7.50, weight: 72.38 kg ± 13.91) participated in a randomized, crossover-controlled experiment, with 3 tests involving a (1) no stimulation control, (2) sham and (3) functional electrical intensity at 100µS and 80Hz. Participants performed three sets of six maximal isokinetic contractions of the elbow flexors while being stimulated for the duration of the exercise for each condition. The average torque, average decline in torque per set, and the participant pain ratings were collected. The ANOVA pairwise comparison showed a significant (
INCONMENSURABLE: AN ARCHIVE OF THE UNSPOKEN
No full textInconmensurable: An Archive of the Unspoken is a creative nonfiction hybrid work that blends memoir, photographic storytelling, film analysis, and imagined reality to interrogate the complicated nature of inheritance. This project grapples with themes of mixed identity, insider and outsider politics, Indigenous storytelling, movement, silence, erasure, survival, loss of language, and longing. Reckoning with generational trauma and hidden truth through centering the mysterious life of my immigrant father, Inconmensurable illuminates the necessity of acknowledging the stories of those that come before us—the painful, the joyful, the immeasurable love. Ultimately, love is central to this intimate engagement with familial history, balancing the known and the unknown, the spoken and the unspoken, to honor the ways we’re irrevocably linked
SEXUAL MATURATION, OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE HISTORY VARIATION IN LAKE SUPERIOR BURBOT (LOTA LOTA)
No full textBurbot (Lota lota) are a cryophilic freshwater fish native to many cold-water systems in the Northern Hemisphere. Within the Great Lakes, current fishing regulations and increasing popularity are leading to interest in population dynamics and the sustainability of current regulations. To understand population dynamics, it is important to better understand the reproductive ecology of burbot. Currently, little is known about the reproductive ecology and the variation within reproductive behavior of burbot. In this study I evaluated the reproductive ecology of southern Lake Superior burbot by characterizing the timing of reproductively maturing adult burbot and assessing the final oocyte maturation process. Samples were collected during two sampling seasons, which spanned from December to April. Riverine collected burbot had high proportions (\u3e90%) of reproductively maturing individuals matched with females in the final stages of oocyte development during a short (3-5 week) period. Alternatively, lacustrine collected burbot had low proportions (24%) of reproductively maturing individuals and low proportions of females within the final stages of oocyte development (16%). Unlike riverine captures, lacustrine captured individuals indicated a prolonged presence of reproductively maturing individuals that lasts from December to at least early April. These results suggest variation within the reproductive ecology of Lake Superior residing burbot
RAPID DETECTION OF THE IDH1 R132H MUTATION IN GLIOMAS USING RECOMBINASE POLYMERASE AMPLIFICATION
No full textGlioblastoma is the most common form of brain cancer and patients diagnosed have an average life expectancy of about a year. Northern Michigan University developed an assay to improve diagnosis of the IDH1-R132H mutation. Diagnosis guided resections has potential to extend life expectancy up to 10 years. Our assay identifies the status of the IDH1-R132H mutation which has a characteristic of slower growth. Surgery requires a delicate balance between resecting more of the tumor and not taking the healthy tissue. Surgical resection should be minimized to reduce debilitating risks and because maximal resections do not benefit IDH1 wildtype tumors. However, more aggressive surgical resection of tumors improves survival rates among carriers of the mutation. Currently, when the surgeon extracts a tumor sample it takes about 2 weeks for labs to test and identify the status of the IDH1 mutation. I have developed an assay to detect the IDH1-R132H mutation using recombinase polymerase amplification in 8 minutes. Our assay is practical for cancer diagnostics because of its simplicity, specificity, and sensitivity. The isothermal nature of the reaction adds to its simplicity. We have designed highly specific primers with locked nucleic acids to discriminate between wildtype and mutant IDH1-R132H mutation. We have developed our assay to detect low copies of tumor DNA in various matrices. Our assay could provide a more rapid detection of the IDH1-R132H status so that decision could be determined intraoperatively. Ultimately, our assay will build a framework for future research at the Upper Michigan Brain Tumor Center
NECROBIOME SUCCESSION IN COLD CONDITIONS
No full textThis research presents the findings from a study that involved assessment of the changes in the necrobiome reflected in muscle tissue samples collected from two human donors that were allowed to naturally decompose in differing temperatures over a six-month period. The research questions addressed by this study include whether the biodiversity or the abundance of certain bacteria rises or falls with increasing and decreasing temperatures, and whether or not a bacterial succession pattern could be established. DNA was isolated from the samples derived from muscles in two separate regions of the body, vastus lateralis (thigh) and deltoid (shoulder), and they were sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The result was filtered using QIIME2 and analyzed using R/RStudio. This study found that in one donor, biodiversity of necrobiome communities increased with rising temperatures and decreased with falling temperatures, while the bacterial abundance decreased during this time. The increase of biodiversity with increasing temperatures also occurred during a transition from laboratory conditions to environmental conditions and could have played a role. The other donor in this study demonstrated an increase in abundance and a decrease in biodiversity during the same timeframe. More necrobiome research needs to be done to determine a bacterial succession pattern. The human remains used in this study were donated voluntarily to the Northern Michigan University Forensic Research Outdoor Station (FROST) through the NMU Body Donation Program
EFFECTS OF ADDITIONAL LOAD ON LOWER LIMB JOINT WORK AND THE RATIO BETWEEN THE BRAKING AND PROPULSION COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP PHASE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the effect of additional load on lower limb joint work and joint work ratio between the braking and propulsion countermovement jump (CMJ) phase. Thirteen male sport students performed CMJ with five different loads up to 80% of body mass. Total joint work was significantly affected by the additional load and CMJ phase. A significant interaction effect of additional load and CMJ phase was found for ankle and knee joint work. Joint work ratio was significantly affected by load in the knee and hip joint. The braking proportion of the total joint work increased as additional load increased. The alterations in joint work and joint work ratio should be considered when prescribing loaded CMJ as training exercises in terms of changed training stimuli or interpreting performance parameters of CMJ with different load conditions
JOINT MOVEMENT PATTERNS DIFFER AMONG MALE RECREATIONAL RUNNERS WITH DIFFERENT RUNNING STYLE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in joint patterns among runners with different spatiotemporal characteristics in the running cycle. Lower extremity kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters were collected for ninety-two recreational runners during a treadmill run at a self-selected speed. A K-means clustering analysis was conducted on normalized stride cadence and Duty Factor to identify running style. The runners were distributed into three clusters with different combinations of spatiotemporal parameters. Only the runners who displayed a high stride cadence and long stance times showed a different movement pattern compared to the rest of the clusters. This study has demonstrated that the combination of several spatial-temporal parameters of the running cycle should be considered when analysing the movement pattern of the lower limb
THE RETURN TO RUN PROCESS FOR FEMALES FOLLOWING A TIBIAL BONE STRESS INJURY: A SCOPING REVIEW.
Get PDFTibial bone stress injuries (BSI) are common among female runners and have a high recurrence rate. Complete rehabilitation requires a successful return to running, but there is a lack of guidance for this. This review sought to establish the evidence supporting the return-to-running process following a tibial BSI in females. Sources were identified by searching databases using relevant terms. Study titles and abstracts were screened using inclusion criteria, and 48 articles were selected. An individualised graduated return-to-run programme should be instigated, beginning with walk-run intervals, and progressing running distance ahead of speed. The ‘10% rule’ of graduated loading is not generalisable across all runners. Contributing factors to the initial injury should be addressed throughout the return-to-run process, including biomechanical factors and training errors
POSE ESTIMATION OR MANUAL DIGITISING: CAN AUTOMATING TECHNOLOGIES CHANGE THE CURRENT IN-FIELD ASSESSMENT OF HIGH JUMP?
Get PDFBiomechanists spend significant time completing the time-consuming task of manually digitising 2D videos to derive kinematic spatiotemporal parameters. Recent advances in 2D pose estimation models (PEMs) hold promise for automating the determination of parameters in sport. This study developed an automated PEM digitising and analysis pipeline (AAP) for high jump. We investigated differences in four spatiotemporal and joint angle outputs from traditional manual processing pipelines (MAP) and the AAP using paired t-tests, intra-class correlations and effect size analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that knee angles derived from the MAP and AAP were not different, whereas penultimate foot contact time and both body angle “lean” measures were different. The custom AAP considerably reduced processing time for the selected high jump execution parameters
ENERGY FLOW AND GROUND REACTION FORCE PREDICTORS OF BAT SWING SPEED DURING PITCHED BALL BATTING IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL PLAYERS
Get PDFThe purposes of this study are to determine how mechanical energy is absorbed, generated, and transferred during baseball hitting for professional athletes. This study also aims to identify which ground reaction force and energy flow variables influence bat speed. The findings of this study suggest that energy flows from the trunk to the lead leg as the pelvis rotates towards the pitcher. The results of this study emphasize the crucial role of the back leg and trunk during acceleration as well as eccentric contraction of muscles in the lead leg and trunk to decelerate during follow-through. Training strategies that improve muscular strength and mobility of the trunk and hips can be implemented to potentially increase bat speed