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ST3GAL3 GENE MUTATION WITHIN THE SINGULAR NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM, RS3952787, POTENTIALLY COULD PREDICT ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION
No full textCertain disorders, like attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), are challenging to diagnose, particularly via clinical assessment, as the standard diagnostic criteria and testing methods vary among clinicians. ADHD is commonly known as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and as such, certain genetic components may potentially aid in the diagnostic process. Previous and current literature has identified ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3 (ST3GAL3) as a highly probable genetic component underlying ADHD. This study will primarily investigate the ST3GAL3 gene mutation within a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that may be playing a role in the development of ADHD, along with anxiety and depression, as these two disorders are commonly diagnosed alongside ADHD. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) will be the primary assay utilized in this study
Per Mutations
No full textThis hybrid collection of linked essays, poems, and collages seeks to interrogate the relationship between emotional literacy and scientific literacy. The author uses ballet, grizzly bears, radioactive isotopes, infamous scientists, genetic mutations, the Apollo missions, and other subjects to hold beside her own experiences so that she might better understand how to cope with the death of a loved one. Particularly, in this collection, the author seeks to understand the difference between what endures and what remains through a chain reaction of creative, emotional, and scientific inquiry
A Taste of Rhetoric: Moves & Practices in the Decolonization & Restoration of Historic Foodways
No full textLanguage and rhetoric are foundational influences on cultural practices, including culinary ones. The subdiscipline of food rhetoric studies communication about the processes of eating, cooking, transporting, and trading food, especially within the cultures of historically marginalized peoples. The past decades have seen a profusion of academic food research, but the role of language in understanding food, especially in a multicultural, globalized world, remains understudied. This paper examines how three rhetorical theories foundational to identity formation and layered understandings of meaning – (a) Dr. Karen Barad’s (they/them) theory of posthumanist performativity, (b) Dr. Maurice Charland’s theory of constitutive rhetoric, and (c) Drs. Romeo García and Gesa E. Kirsch’s notion of deep rhetoricity – have been used efficiently in language frames for both Black and White foodways in the American South, as well as the Great Lakes Anishinaabe Three Fires Confederacy. Through the author’s positioning as a white woman explained through autoethnography techniques, this study explores how these three rhetorical theories are at play in Black culinary historian Michael W. Twitty’s written work and written accounts of Indigenous foodways in the Great Lakes region. The results from this research argue that humans already have the tools to create more inclusive language frames when talking about foodways, and that we just need to make more room at the table for such rhetoric
A NOVEL PATHWAY TO CHARACTERISE FOOTBALLS FOR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
No full textThis study developed a method to characterise materials used in football manufacture for finite element analysis. Quasi-static (0.1/s) and dynamic (10/s and 100/s) uniaxial testing on a FIFA Quality Programme approved football generated hyperelastic material coefficients. Dynamic mechanical analysis was utilised to create Prony series coefficients to inform the viscoelastic behaviour. The model was validated by comparing finite element simulations with experimental data, focusing on dynamic properties including coefficient of restitution, maximum deformation, and contact time. Results indicated a strong correlation, with RMSE between 0.0051 and 10.4310, particularly at 0.8 bar pressure, demonstrating the model’s efficacy for high-strain impacts. This research lays the groundwork for optimising football performance and investigating peak forces related to ball-player interactions
THE EFFECTS OF A BASKETBALL GAME-BASED WARM-UP IN SQUAT JUMP PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH STUDENTS
No full textThe purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a basketball game-based warm-up (BGW) on squat jump (SJ) performance in youth students. 28 high school participants were included in this study. The participants performed a BGW and completed a SJ pre-test and post-test. A smartphone app was used to test and collect the jump height (JH), flight time (FT), velocity (Vel), force (F), and power (P), which was obtained and calculated using the take-off and landing points by the app from the video recorded taken from the SJ. Our findings showed significant differences for boys in FT (p = 0.034), and Vel (p = 0.036), and for girls in FT (p = 0.017), JH (p = 0.000), Vel (p = 0.018) in the PST between-subjects effects. This portable app can provide quick feedback for youth students and is a practical tool for monitoring SJ testing performance in Physical Education (PE)
SPATIOTEMPORAL SPRINT PARAMETERS OF ADULTS WITH ACHONDROPLASIA DURING THE WORLD DWARF GAMES 2023 – PRELIMINARY RESULTS
No full textSpatiotemporal sprint parameters play a crucial role in analyzing and optimizing sprint performance. While well-documented in average-height athletes, little research exists on individuals with dwarfism. This study examines sprint kinematics in adults with achondroplasia during the World Dwarf Games 2023, providing new insights into their biomechanical adaptations. The analysis explores key relationships between kinematic variables, revealing that athletes with achondroplasia rely more on step frequency, likely compensating for shorter limb lengths, compared to average-height sprinters. This research offers initial reference values for sprint performance in this population and will inform training and rehabilitation programs tailored to their specific biomechanical needs
ASSESSING THE IMPACT REDUCTION CAPABILITIES OF GAMEBREAKER SOFTSHELL HEADGEAR IN DROP TESTS
No full textSoftshell headgear is marketed to reduce head impact intensity in contact sports like rugby; however, evidence supporting this remains limited. This study investigated whether selected headgear models, GameBreaker-Pro, a novel GameBreaker-Prototype and a World Rugby (WR) Law 4 approved headgear, attenuate impact intensity under controlled drop test conditions. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV) were measured on a Hybrid III headform fitted with this headgear. Drop tests were conducted from 15-60 cm at five head impact orientations. All headgear reduced impact kinematics relative to the bare headform. GameBreaker headgear achieved 14-22% greater reductions in impact measures compared to WR Law 4 headgear. The findings demonstrate the potential of headgear to attenuate head impact measures, crucial in reducing the risk of head injury
CHANGES IN ARM AND LEG SWING DURING A 400 M SPRINT
No full textThe present study aimed to clarify the changes in arm and leg swing between the early and late phases of a 400 m sprint. Nine male and eight female sprinters performed a 400 m sprint at maximum effort. Inertial measurement units were attached to the distal thighs and forearms to quantify arm and leg swing. Segmental angular data were analysed and compared between the early and late phases of the sprint. Leg swing amplitude was significantly reduced in the late phase compared to the early phase (average %Δ = -48.8), whereas arm swing amplitude increased (average %Δ = +160.8), and higher arm swing velocity in the late phase was associated with greater stride frequency (maximum; r = 0.573, 0.504; minimum: r = -0.664, -0.593). These findings suggest that arm swing may play an important role in maintaining running speed during the late phase of a 400 m sprint
DROP JUMPING FROM DIFFERENT HEIGHTS: WHAT AND WHEN IT IS DIFFERENT IN THE CASE WHERE JUMP HEIGHT IS SIMILAR?
No full textThe purpose of this study was to identify possible differences in both descriptive (0-D) and one-dimensional (1-D) kinetic and kinematic parameters in cases where jump height is similar among drop jumps (DJ) from different heights. Volleyball players (n = 10) executed DJs from 20, 40, and 60 cm. Differences in the kinetic and kinematic parameters acquired from force-plates and video-recordings were examined in DJs with same jump height across the drop heights. Results indicated that larger (p \u3c .05) work and braking phase power were observed in DJ60 than DJ20 and DJ40. In addition, differences (p \u3c .05) were observed in the time curves at approximately the first 20% of ground contact time, mainly between DJ20 and DJ60. The ability to adjust to the impact parameters results in the same jump outcome in DJs from different drop heights
EXPLORING THE DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF CAM-LIKE MORPHOLOGY BY AGE GROUP IN HIGH- AND LOW-IMPACT SPORTS
No full textThis study investigated cam-like morphology, a condition that increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis (OA), and examined differences in hip morphology between adolescent athletes engaged in high- and low-impact sports, along with the prevalence rates by age group. Data from 577 adolescent athletes, including 354 soccer players (aged 9–15 years) and 223 runners (aged 9–18 years), were analyzed using dual X-ray absorptiometry to assess the femoral head–neck junction for cam-like morphology. The analysis revealed that at age 9, both sports groups showed flattening at the femoral head–neck junction. However, from age 10 onward, the groups diverged: soccer players exhibited more pronounced prominence, whereas runners showed a higher prevalence of flattening. Notably, at ages 14 and 15, runners displayed significantly higher rates of prominence morphology compared to soccer players (P = 0.001). These findings indicate that differences in hip joint development after age 9 between high- and low-impact sports may be attributed to varying mechanical stress on the hip during adolescence, which could influence the development of cam-like morphology. In light of these findings, runners may also be at an elevated risk of developing hip OA in the future, similar to the increased risk observed in soccer players