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Gradual Memory Safety
Get PDFThis paper extends the theory of Gradual Types to include memory safe Region-Types and Region-Based Memory Management. It also makes advancements in the capabilities of Region-Based systems. Lastly, it presents the Svejk language and Hasek Type System
GHOST PENINSULA
No full textThis Thesis is divided into five main parts. The first is a loose introduction followed by a more organized four main “acts” broken into three-four chapters each. This research was spawned by spawned by unsated curiosity regarding the many abandoned homes along the roads and highways of the Upper Peninsula. As time went on, more aspects of the Upper Peninsula’s history (and my interaction with it) became attached and intertwined with the material I work with here. There are currently an estimated seven-hundred ghost towns in the Upper Peninsula. My aim in this was to determine what the “make or break” factors were for the towns and cities that exist today in contrast to the places that exist no longer. This thesis is written in a gray area between academic historical research and reflective creative non-fiction and travel writing. It is an exploration of the space between sterile analysis and the inescapable human component of any research or argument. Within this text I go on a journey across the Upper Peninsula in search of answers to a question for which I could not find answers. I take my readers along with me for that journey and share with them the steps and missteps that I took along the way. This work is organized into fifteen main chapters: one per each of the fifteen counties of the Upper Peninsula
Italian Railroad, Construction and Timber Laborers in the Lake Superior Basin and Michigan, 1880s-1920s
Get PDFWhat follows is an overview of the Italian story scattered across the Lake Superior region in the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota and the Canadian province of Ontario and finally the state of Michigan. The role of the unskilled laborer seeking work on rail lines and other construction jobs that started in the 1880s came to an end by the 1920s when railroads no longer needed large numbers of construction crews.
The narrative will begin by focusing on railroad laborers in the Lake Superior basin, but the majority of the story will be centered in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Here details about Italian railroad laborers and others abound and provide information about life that was similar for workers in the Lake Superior region.
The narrative of “floating” Italian immigrants working on railroad, quarry, canal and tunnel projects has not been developed because of the difficulty in searching for and securing appropriate documentation. This study is based on newspaper and journal accounts, census data, government reports and limited published material
THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN CUMULATIVE JOINT LOADING AND COST OF TRANSPORT WHEN ALTERING ANTERIOR TRUNK LEAN ANGLE IN RUNNING
Get PDFThe study aimed to establish dose-response relationships between systematically altered anterior trunk leaning (ATL) and lower extremity cumulative joint loading (angular impulse x number of strides) as well as cost of transport (COT) in distance running. Twenty-eight recreational runners underwent a series of six treadmill runs (2.5 m/s) with five predefined ATL conditions (from -4° extension to 28° flexion) and one self-selected ATL condition for five minutes with 3D motion capture and spirometry. Increasing ATL systematically decreased cumulative knee joint loading and increased cumulative hip joint loading in all conditions. However, running outside the preferred running style increased COT. Designing ATL-based overuse load management interventions shows promise, but clinical implementation requires careful consideration of the COT and joint loading trade-offs
PREPARATION FOR SPLIT LEAP IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS – STATIC VERSUS DYNAMIC STRETCHING
Get PDFThis study compared split leap performance following static and dynamic stretching exercises. Seventeen well-trained female rhythmic gymnasts underwent static and dynamic stretching interventions on separate days. Immediately following the stretching exercises, participants performed 3 trials of split leaps. High speed videos of their jumps were analysed for split angle and flight time. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare between static and dynamic stretching. Results showed that static stretching resulted in longer flight time [static: 0.430 (0.392 - 0.473) s, dynamic: 0.419 (0.386-0.452) s, p = .021] and greater split angle [median (range), static: 198 (184 - 209)°, dynamic: 191(175-207)°, p \u3c .001]. In conclusion, static stretching is more effective than dynamic stretching in preparing youth rhythmic gymnasts for technical jumps requiring large joint range of motion
THE IMPACT OF LIMB SYMMETRY ON STROKE-TO-STROKE MOVEMENT VARIABILITY IN PARA-SWIMMERS DURING AN ADAPTED AEROBIC STEP TEST
Get PDFThe study purpose was to measure effects of anthropometric limb characteristics on fatigue-related changes in stroke-to-stroke motor variability (MV) of trunk mediolateral (ML) acceleration. Six Paralympic swimmers performed an in-water, fatiguing, freestyle aerobic test consisting of 5 steps of 200m (n = 4); 150m (n = 1) or 100m (n = 1) with a sacrum worn inertial measurement unit. Upper-limb segment lengths were measured, and symmetry indices (LSI) were calculated. Sample entropy (SampEn) and fractal dimension (FD) were calculated on ML acceleration. Fatigue was confirmed with increased RPE (p \u3c 0.01). ANOVA fatigue response models of SampEn and FD improved with LSI as a covariate (p \u3c 0.01), showing that symmetry indices affected individual responses to fatigue. Coaches should consider anthropometric symmetry when designing para-swimming training plans
ON-COURT MECHANICAL WORK MEASURED USING MARKERLESS MOTION CAPTURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE FATIGUE IN TENNIS
Get PDFMeasurement of mechanical work with a markerless motion capture system was assessed for the application of training ‘load’ monitoring. Four tennis players completed an on-court fatiguing protocol interspersed with sprint tests, with relationships between reduction in sprint velocity and internal and external mechanical work done tested. Repeated measures correlations for total and external mechanical work, and external mechanical work estimated from centre of mass proxies (pelvis and mid-hip) were comparable and ranged from -0.89 to -0.86. Whilst the calculated work done varied greatly between the methods (~42% for pelvis), all showed a strong relationship with fatigue and could provide insight into a player’s training ‘load’, despite the absolute values being inaccurate. This promising tool could be implemented for non-invasive, on-court training ‘load’ monitoring in the field
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRENGTH AND POWER WITH THROWING PERFORMANCE IN HIGH LEVEL MALE AND FEMALE JAVELIN THROWERS
Get PDFThis study investigated the associations between strength and power measures and estimated javelin throwing performance. Thirteen male (personal best: 77.0 ± 5.7 m) and thirteen female (55.8 ± 5.8 m) javelin throwers underwent various lower and upper body power and strength tests, along with a javelin throwing test. Associations with throwing performance were observed for lower body power measures in males and upper and lower body maximal strength in females, suggesting sex-specific differences in important physical characteristics for throwing
JUMPING AND NON-JUMPING ATHLETES LAND DIFFERENTLY: IMPLICATIONS FOR RETURN TO SPORT
Get PDFCurrently the LSI is used to determine whether an athlete is ready to return-to-sport (RTS). However, research shows that LSI inadequately identifies RTS readiness. Assuming that all athletes use the same landing strategy overlooks the potential variation between different sports. This study examines kinematic differences of the triple hop test between jumping and non-jumping athletes using inertial measurement units. Differences in landing kinematics between 18 male athletes (10 handball, 8 judo) were analysed. SPM analysis identified significant differences in trunk rotation and lateral flexion during landing. Notably, judokas demonstrated distinct movement patterns, related to emphasising sport-specific mechanics compared to handballers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating visual observation and motion capture, to better evaluate RTS readiness
VISUALIZING SEGMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO WHOLE-BODY ANGULAR MOMENTUM IN THE ROTATIONAL SHOT PUT AND DISCUS THROW
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to develop a method to visualize the contributions of the free limbs to whole-body angular momentum (L) during the rotational shot put and discus throw. Digital video of track and field throwers were recorded as they performed several shot put and discus throw attempts. Videos were processed with markerless motion capture technology, which was used to generate segment center-of-mass (COM) positions. Whole-body L in the global coordinate system was calculated as the sum of transfer terms of the legs, arms, and trunk segments. To visualize transverse plane L generated by the legs and arms, the area “swept out” by each segment was plotted and then “filled” based on the magnitude of L. Qualitative analysis of the visualizations show they provide an intuitive understanding of how the limbs generate L and contribute to overall throwing performance