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How Alternative Sentencing Methods Can Reduce Recidivism and Incarceration Rates For Drug Offenders in Wisconsin
Full text linkThe criminal justice system in the U.S. has typically been focused more on punishment in the past, but in recent times has shifted more towards implementing rehabilitative measures as a means to reduce the recidivism rate, and thus decrease the overall incarceration rates for the U.S.. An area that is especially different is drug offenses, as many of those that are arrested are addicted, and punishment does not address that addiction directly. By using alternative sentencing as a means of rehabilitation for drug offenses, the criminal justice system can work to address the issues at the root causes as well help those arrested become functioning members of society again. This also works to decrease the amount spent on the criminal justice system as incarceration is very expensive. As it currently stands, Wisconsin has a statewide Treatment Alternative and Diversion (TAD) program that works to help keep drug offenders from becoming incarcerated. These funds are distributed to the different counties that take part and they have full discretion on how that money is used for TAD programs. Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota, 3 states that border Wisconsin, have statewide initiatives. Each of these three states also differ from Wisconsin in the fact that each currently have possession of marijuana decriminalized, and have a tax on the sale of marijuana. Comparing the current state of TAD and marijuana in Wisconsin with the aforementioned states will show how an increase in TAD and the legalization of marijuana could benefit Wisconsin
Ladder Fuels
Full text linkLADDER FUELS is a novel about a wildfire in the Pacific Northwest and all the lives—human, animal, plant—it touches. Told through the perspectives of four women, including one firefighter, as well as parts from the eyes of the forest and fire itself, the story unfolds over the course of one destructive week in early September. All are impacted by the fire, but no one is only impacted by the fire, and each character grapples with their own concurrent personal crises. As the novel progresses, their stories begin to intertwine and layer, illustrating how interconnected we all are with each other and with the more-than-human world. The narrative follows a wildfire resulting from climate change and decades of fire suppression efforts, and demonstrates how even amidst devastation, hope and possibility remain. This document includes an excerpt from the first chapter, told from the firefighter Ashley’s perspective
Anarcho-Syndicalism in the Negaunee Branch of the Finnish Socialist Association
Full text linkSocialism reached a prominence as a movement in the United States during the early 20th century. Fueled by the machinations of industrial capitalism and labor reform, many workers, immigrants, and other individuals would arrive to the precepts of socialism, a political movement avowing to shirk the constraints of capitalism on the proletariat. Specifically, the question of why and how labor unions should function in a socialist society was a central tenet of debate within the faction of the American Socialist Party. The central question of this article is to examine why anarcho-syndicalists argued against traditional socialist reformist arguments in the ASP and advocated for revolutionary actions to rectify the plights of workers. An analysis of the writings of local figures of the anarcho-syndicalist factions, such as William Risto, provide a humanizing perspective into the socialist movement, deriving individual motives, contexts, and attitudes that individuals undertook. Specifically, examining the relationship between the individual writings and actions of the anarcho-syndicalists of the Negaunee Branch and the ASP allows introspection into how these figures wished to utilize their historical agency. This split in the FSA exemplifies the dichotomy of how individuals will utilize their individual agency in reformist and revolutionary forms to mobilize change
Women’s Voting Registrations in Marquette County
Full text linkFollowing the Michigan state amendment of 1918, which granted women the right to vote, the women of Marquette County began registering. This paper looks into the Ishpeming women’s voting records from 1919 and 1920, as well as news paper articles that document early voting registration turnouts in Marquette and Negaunee. The research focused on the patterns of registration in the context of amendments, elections, and political movements at the local, state, and national levels. While there has been extensive research and analysis of early women voters across the United States, no previous studies have analyzed the Ishpeming voting records. Women across the Upper Peninsula began registering to vote in February of 1919. In Ishpeming, 1,581 women registered in the first month, the vast majority of them prior to February 15, as it was the original cutoff date for the upcoming election in April. In March, registrations dropped to 285, and in April, only 22 women registered. February saw the highest month of registrations recorded. Another surge occurred in the spring of 1920, with 68 registrations in March and 8 in April. The summer of 1920 brought another resurgence, likely motivated by the ratification of the 19th Amendment and the upcoming national election. In July, 16 women registered, and 191 women registered in August
Seasonal Wages and Program Outcomes in Wisconsin’s Non-Profit Outdoor Education Industry
Full text linkNon-profit outdoor education is an important tool that helps participants build meaningful relationships and positive perspectives of the natural world. Many non-profit outdoor education programs in Wisconsin rely on seasonal staff to fulfill the mission and vision of their programming through meaningful and tedious work. Because these staff are asked to help facilitate ideal program outcomes, it is important to analyze how seasonal wages for these roles influences staff effectiveness. This case-study analyzes the relationships between wages and program outcomes through the lens of human capital and workforce development and equity theory to better understand what most notably influences seasonal staff to provide optimal experiences for participants. This paper provides valuable research through a lens in which the non-profit outdoor education industry is not often viewed
Habsburg Ruthenian/Rusyn Identities Part II: Where Are the Michigan Ruthenians?
Full text linkRuthenians overwhelmingly came to Michigan between 1900 and 1914 as citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, where their ethnic (national) status was officially recognized and protected (at least formally). Their distinct identity was built around their Rusyn language, Ruthenian Rite Catholicism, connection to a cultural territorial homeland along the Carpathians (Ruthenia), and an overwhelmingly peasant-based village life generally led by sacerdotal families. However, the lack of a single administrative focus within the Monarchy’s multi-ethnicity meant that Ruthenians always showed a high degree of regional variation. With the collapse of the Monarchy in 1918, the polyvalent centrifugal tendencies rapidly accelerated so that no single post-Habsburg Ruthenian identity emerged. The lack of a specifically Ruthenian successor nation-state, meant that “Ruthenian” all but died as a category, replaced by numerous options based largely around the new nation-states of Central and Eastern Europe. These successor states regularly suppressed a specifically Ruthenian identity. Meanwhile, Ruthenians in Michigan not only took their identity cues from the homeland, but also confronted an overtly hostile Latin Catholicism that drove many, perhaps the majority, to convert to Orthodoxy—originally Russian but later also Greek. In addition, their diasporic experiences exacerbated rather than mitigated their differences, so that only a small number are now conscious of a distinctly Ruthenian heritage, and even that is defined in different terms than from before 1918. As Michigan Ruthenians splintered, they became Ukrainian, Slovak, Russian, Carpatho-Rusyn, Lemko, or other
INVESTIGATION OF SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING FOR IMU-BASED SWIMMING ACTIVITY RECOGNITION
No full textThis study investigates how IMU sensor data types, feature extraction, window sizes, and supervised machine learning models affect swimming activity recognition accuracy. Using a single IMU on lower back, the system classified strokes, turns, and starts under realistic conditions. Three classifiers of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were evaluated. Five types of statistical feature sets were extracted from window sizes ranging from 1 to 6 seconds with 0.01 second sliding step. The best classifier is SVM, achieving overall accuracy of 0.97 with high accuracy for surface swimming stroke. However, shorter windows had better accuracy for activity of start. The approach shows potential for real-time swimmer performance analysis and broader sports activity recognition
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: INTEGRATING BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDING MATS IN GYMNASTICS.
No full textThis study examined variations in vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and lower limb kinematics during landings on three different mat structures (TYPE1, TYPE2, TYPE3) compared to FIG mat in young unskilled (pupils) and gymnast’s female. Significant effects of mat type were observed for VGRFmax, time to VGRFmax, peak ankle and knee angles, and peak knee angular velocity. TYPE1 mats exhibited the highest VGRF and shortest time to peak, indicating inadequate force attenuation and potential injury risk. Gymnasts demonstrated lower VGRFmax and lower ankle flexion, likely due to landing technique. No significant differences between TYPE2, TYPE3, and FIG-certified mats suggest a trend toward optimal impact force reduction. These findings highlight the importance of biomechanical analysis in landing mat development to enhance safety across skill levels
ACL INJURY-RELATED KINEMATIC ASSESSMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY TO COMPARE MARKER-BASED, WEARABLE, AND MARKERLESS SYSTEMS
No full textAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in non-contact situations, highlighting the need for effective risk assessment tools. This study compared kinematic outcomes of IMUs (Xsens), markerless (OpenCap) and an optoelectronic system (OMS) – considered the gold standard - in drop jumps with change of direction. Knee and hip sagittal and frontal plane kinematics were recorded concurrently with all three systems in a total of 260 trials. Xsens showed high validity for knee flexion (R2=0.81, RMSE2=0.00), limiting its use in ACL injury prevention research. OpenCap had weaker agreement with OMS (i.e., for knee flexion R2=0.76, RMSE=7.6°) and more technical issues. Although both Xsens and OpenCap are useful tools for on-field assessments, overcoming the limitations of the in-lab assessment, their suitability for precise injury screening settings requires further investigation
WITHIN-SESSION VARIABILITY IN TREADMILL RUNNING MECHANICS IN TEAM SPORT ATHLETES
No full textThis study investigated within-session variability in treadmill running mechanics during repeated same-day runs across multiple speeds, with a secondary aim to assess how these mechanics changed with speed. Eleven team sport athletes (9 M, 2 F; 25.0 ± 3.2 years) completed three trials of 30-s treadmill runs at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km/h. The coefficient of variation (CV%) for step length (2.7 to 1.7%, β = -0.10, p = 0.004) and flight time (7.9 to 4.3%, β = -0.41, p \u3c 0.001) decreased with speed, indicating greater consistency. Step length (β = 0.068), step rate (β = 0.054), flight time (β = 3.69) and horizontal work (β = 0.026) increased with speed, and contact time (β = –9.86), duty factor (β = –0.008) and vertical work (β = –0.041) decreased. These findings suggest movement patterns become more consistent at higher speeds