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Effects of Dextromethorphan on Neurite Outgrowth and Marble Burying Behavior
No full textCompulsive disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs typically express many pharmacological effects through inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) transporters; however, due to delayed and inadequate treatment effects, other treatment methods should be pursued. Alternative drug treatments acting on glutamate, NMDA receptors, and sigma-1, instead of serotonin, may be effective in treating OCD. One drug in particular, dextromethorphan (DM), provides antidepressant-like effects by possibly inhibiting glutamate and activating sigma-1 receptors. Common preclinical approaches for screening experimental OCD drugs include the marble-burying test (MBT) for compulsive behavior, in addition to the assessment of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Therefore, to test the role of DM, a sigma-1 compound, glutamate NMDA antagonist, and DM metabolite-dextrorphan were used in both MBT and a neurite outgrowth assay. Marble burying data revealed a significant decrease in marbles buried upon both high and low doses of fluvoxamine administration. High doses of DM and DXT resulted in a significant decrease in marbles buried. A significant decrease in pathlength was not observed with each compound indicating therapeutic effects. The percentage of total cells and neurites did not display significant effects. Significant reversal effects with BD-1047 were not observed in both models. Therefore, sigma-1 should be further investigated to further understand receptor function
AGREEMENT BETWEEN A SMARTPHONE-BASED MARKERLESS MOTION CAPTURE APPLICATION (AISCOUT ®) AND CONVENTIONAL ATHLETIC ASSESSMENT
Get PDFThere is a need to develop accessible 3D motion analysis. The aim of this study was to determine absolute and relative agreement between aiScout®, a smartphone application that infers 3D pose from 2D video, and conventional methods of assessing athletic performance. Sixteen athletes (29.7 ± 9.0 yrs, 1.75 ± 0.10 m, 75.5 ± 15.8 kg) completed six performance tests that were evaluated by aiScout® and conventional methods. 10m sprint times, press-ups, lateral rebound jumps, and 5-10-5 football dribble times showed good to excellent absolute (ICC and CCC \u3e 0.8 threshold) and relative agreement (ICC and Kendall’s W \u3e 0.8 threshold) between measurement methods. Unilateral countermovement jumps only showed moderate agreement (0.6 - 0.8 absolute and relative agreement). This suggests aiScout® can be used to help assess athletic performance. However, questions remain regarding the capability of aiScout® to assess performance of jumping activities
TEACHING NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION IN BIOMECHANICS USING GAME-BASED PEDAGOGY FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFIt is important to consider teachers’ professional development (PD) when they are tasked with teaching Newton’s Law of motion in biomechanics to high school students for the first time. Physical education (PE) teachers regularly use the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) pedagogy to teach physical activity to students. TGfU is a pedagogical model which originated in the 1980s with the main objective of promoting game-based learning in physical activity and sport. However, research involving if the TGfU pedagogy can be used to impart practical and theoretical knowledge to teachers when teaching Newton’s Laws of Motion in biomechanics is limited. The present study provides the outcomes of a PD biomechanics workshop for high school teachers (n = 39) with no prior knowledge of teaching biomechanics. Results from an online questionnaire using Likert scale items depicted the TGfU activities and intensity of agreement/disagreement. Results suggest that teachers intend to use the TGfU pedagogy (mean 4.78, median, 4.26, rank 1), and agreed in the model’s potential (mean 4.62, median 4.09, rank 3)
PROFILING OF SPIN BOWLERS WITH BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM A SMART CRICKET BALL
Get PDFThis paper introduces a novel approach to advanced profiling by utilising a smart cricket ball (gyro sensor at its centre). It identifies the type of delivery and determines various physical and skill performance parameters. Five spin bowlers (finger and wrist spinners) were profiled using this new method. Four bowlers executed the correct delivery (side and topside spin), while one bowler unintentionally bowled top/topside-spin instead of side-spin. The study measured the ability to convert torque (T) into spin rate (ω) using the ratio of spin rate per unit torque (ω/T [rps/N/m]), which ranged from 98.2 (best, ω/T = 30.6/0.31) to 71.9 (worst, ω/T = 31.1/0.43). The profile analysis emphasises that relying solely on spin rate without considering other parameters is insufficient. The ω/T ratio emerged as a preferred parameter, offering a more comprehensive insight into spin bowlers\u27 biomechanics
HIP MOMENT INCREASES WHILE KNEE AND ANKLE MOMENTS REMAIN CONSTANT DURING SQUATS WITH INCREASING LOADS IN ELITE POWERLIFTERS
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate compensation strategies among elite powerlifters under high-load conditions. 31 top-ranked powerlifters from the Austrian team executed competition-style squats at 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% of their estimated 1-repetition-maximum (Fmax). Employing musculoskeletal modelling, we conducted a biomechanical analysis (i.e. joints moments calculated via inverse dynamics) to understand the alterations in squatting mechanics across various loads. Our findings revealed a consistent relative load shift from the knee to the hip joint with increasing intensity. The knee and ankle joint moments remained constant from 70% to 90% Fmax, underscoring the dominant role of the hip joint in high-load squatting, which indicates that an increasing external load imposes varying relative loads on the hip, knee, and ankle joints during squats
MEASURING POLE FORCES IN SEATED SHOT PUT
Get PDFThe measurement of throwing pole forces in seated shot put has not been reported previously in the research literature, forming a considerable gap in the understanding of seated throwing. In this research, two methods for pole force measurement are presented: a deflection-based and a direct load-sensing method. From the comparison of each method, the measurement of pole forces without an instrumented pole is found to be feasible (RMS
AGREEMENT AND RELIABILITY OF GAIT METRICS MEASURED USING THE STRIDE SMART SYSTEM IN THE ALTERG TREADMILL COMPARED TO XSENS
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess the agreement and reliability of the spatiotemporal gait metrics measured by the Stride Smart system in the AlterG treadmill compared to the Xsens motion capture system. 17 healthy adults walked on an AlterG treadmill at 3km/h and 4 km/h at 4 bodyweight conditions (100, 75, 50, 25%) while wearing Xsens sensors, repeating this session 7.0 ± 0.7 days later. Gait metrics were calculated using the Xsens motion cloud software, and by the treadmill using the Stride Smart system. Agreement and between-session reliability for the Stride Smart Gait metrics were assessed. Stride Smart gait metrics were reliable (ICC ≥ 0.813) and showed good agreement (r ≥ 0.686) for 100 and 75% bodyweight, but not for 50 and 25% bodyweight compared to the Xsens system. Therefore, clinicians should only use gait metrics at ³75% bodyweight to assess progress in rehabilitation when using the Stride Smart system on the AlterG treadmill
POSSIBILITY OF EARLY DETECTION OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK DURING SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the accuracy of distinguishing patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD) (n=27) from healthy controls (n=50) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) technique with an artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm based on a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) using wearable sensors. After wearing the six sensors, the participants performed the 6MWT, and the time-series data were converted into new images. The main results demonstrated the highest discrimination accuracy of 72% on the left arm gyroscope data. The results confirmed the possibility of using CNN models to distinguish between individuals with early PD and controls. Moreover, the 6MWT using sensors may contribute to early diagnosis as an objective indicator in clinical settings
KINEMATICS AND KINETICS OF BAREFOOT, SHOD, AND SPIKED SPRINTING DURING ACCELERATION AND AT MAXIMUM SPEED
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical differences between footwear conditions during acceleration and sprinting at maximum speed. Competitive sprinters (n=17) completed 60-m sprints barefoot, in running shoes, and in spiked sprint shoes in a randomized order. Fifty-four force plates (1000 Hz) obtained ground reaction forces over 50 m. Main effects between phases were found in all nine spatiotemporal and kinetic variables (p\u3c0.001, partial eta2≥0.728). Differences in braking and propulsive forces and impulses between footwear conditions seemed larger during acceleration (p\u3c0.001, partial eta2=0.38–0.57) than at maximum speed (p\u3c0.15, partial eta2=0.11–0.38). The findings underlined the importance of kinetic analysis across different sprint phases. Footwear effects on forces and associated joint loads may be considered in the management of overload injury risks
ANALYSIS OF MEN\u27S PROFESSIONAL TENNIS SINGLES MATCH DATA AND STRATEGIES - A CASE STUDY OF 2022 AND 2023 ATP YEAR-END FINALS
Get PDFThis study analyzed serve and serve return performance in the 2022 and 2023 ATP Year-End Tennis Championships, focusing on player rankings. The post-match data is compared between the top and bottom 4 players, examining differences in the top 4 rankings for both 2022 and 2023. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the differences in service and serve return across different years and rankings, with a significance level set at α =.05. The key factors for winning in tennis include serve speed, average second serve speed, and scoring rates on both first and second serves. Top 4 ranked players achieved success by reducing serve speed for strategic adjustment, while improving second serve speed in 2023. This tactic reduces opponent\u27s chances of successful serve returns, emphasizing the importance of applying pressure in both first and second serve returns