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Negotiating Ambivalent Gender Space for Collective and Individual Empowerment: Sikh Women\u27s Life Writing in the Diaspora
In order to examine gender and identity within Sikh literature and culture and to understand the construction of gender and the practice of Sikhi within the contemporary Sikh diaspora in the US, I analyze a selection from creative non-fiction pieces, variously termed essays, personal narrative, or life writing, in Meeta Kaur’s edited collection, Her Name is Kaur: Sikh American Women Write About Love, Courage, and Faith. Gender, understood as a social construct (Butler, among others), is almost always inconsistent and is related to religion, which, too, is a construct and is also almost always inconsistent in many ways. Therefore, my reading critically engages with the following questions regarding life writing through a postcolonial feminist and intersectional lens: What are lived religions and how are the practices, narratives, activities and performances of ‘being’ Sikh imagined differently in the diaspora as represent in my chosen essays? What are some of the tenets of Sikhism, viewed predominantly as patriarchal within dominant cultural spaces, and how do women resist or appropriate some of them to reconstruct their own ideas of being a Sikh? In Kaur’s collection of essays, there are elements of traditional autobiography, such as the construction of the individual self, along with the formation of communal identity, in the postcolonial life writing. I will critique four narrative in Kaur’s anthology as testimonies to bear witness and to uncover Sikh women’s hybrid cultural and religious practices as reimagined and practiced by the female Sikh writers
Writing on Demand in College, Career, and Community Writing: Preparing Students to Participate in the Pop-Up Parlor
SEASONAL CHANGES IN BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE (POECILE ATRICAPILLUS) SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND GARGLE VOCALIZATIONS
Many organisms form social groups for many different reasons. Individuals within a group gain benefits from having a way of effectively communicating with their group, especially in organisms that maintain their social affiliations for long periods of time. In birds, vocalizations are the main means of communicating among individuals. When there are multiple groups of birds in an area, each group could share vocalizations. This sharing can then create local dialects. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are small songbirds of temperate habitats of North America that group together in larger flocks every winter. Dialects of the gargle vocalization have been identified that differ between chickadee populations. I tested the hypothesis that gargle dialects exist between black-capped chickadee flocks. I used radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to assess the social structure of a color-banded population of chickadees in Marquette, Michigan. I recorded gargle vocalizations from the chickadees and used discriminant analysis to determine whether flocks could be distinguished based on their gargle vocalizations. I found significant social structure within the population that matches the behavioral ecology of chickadees. I did not find gargle dialects between flocks, but there was evidence that larger scale changes in gargle vocalizations occurred in the study area
Secret Wars
Secret Wars is a novella that takes place from 1803-1805. From 1802-1803 England and France gained a brief peace under the Treaty of Amiens. But tensions escalated quickly, and combat renewed in mid-1803, not to be resolved until Napoleon had been deposed. The politicians and radicals active in this period fascinate historians, but there is less attention given to the common citizens affected by France’s bewildering climate of change and conflicting ideas.
Secret Wars features an array of characters from both France and England. Major characters include Willace Camerson, an English journalist; Mathieu Levesque, a Royalist navy-captain; Manu de Vallier, a French woman; Marie Holmwood, an English woman and Willace’s unwilling love-interest; and M. de Vallier, a Royalist aristocrat. Also prominent is Vice-Admiral Villeneuve, a real historical figure who often goes overlooked.
This novella focuses on the complex relationships between people of different cultures and politics, as well as the notions of loyalty during wartime. Willace Camerson’s attempts to avoid marrying to his childhood friend causes him to embark on an increasingly risky search for knowledge, while Mathieu Levesque stolidly does his duty until he starts to question the extent of his own loyalties. Meanwhile Manu and Marie, despite their differing politics and the machinations of their fathers, find eventual happiness together.
Secret Wars investigates themes of duty, propaganda, friendship, and honesty in a society where the truth can be dangerous. Throughout this work each character reveals different ideas about what these words mean in a difficult period of history