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MUSCLE FORCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO GROUND REACTION FORCE PROFILES DURING BASKETBALL RELATED TASKS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to describe the contributions of individual leg muscles to the production of ground reaction forces (GRF) during basketball related tasks. One male and female college basketball player performed horizontal drop vertical jumps (DJ) and lateral side steps (SS). Motion capture and GRF data were recorded and used as inputs to an induced acceleration analysis to calculate the contribution of each muscle to the GRF during each task. Soleus and vasti muscle forces were the respective primary and secondary contributors to vertical GRF during the DJ. Forces from the vasti muscle group were also the primary contributor to posterior braking GRF during the DJ. Medial GRF during the SS were primarily the result of vasti and soleus muscle forces. Muscle force contributions to GRF did not differ markedly between players
BASEBALL PITCHING BIOMECHANICS AFTER SURGERY
Get PDFBaseball pitchers with and without histories of elbow or shoulder surgery were tested with a 240 Hz automated 3D motion capture system. No differences were found between pitchers with history of UCL reconstruction and matched controls. Pitchers tested shortly after returning from UCL repair demonstrated reduced elbow extension, elbow velocity, and shoulder velocity compared to a control group, but it is unknown whether these few kinematic differences resolve with time. Pitchers with a history of SLAP repair produced less shoulder horizontal abduction, shoulder external rotation, and forward trunk tilt than matched controls. The Thoracic Outlet Syndrome case report demonstrated significantly more shoulder abduction after surgery. Thus the ability to return to normal pitching biomechanics after injury depends upon the type of surgery
KINEMATIC COMPARISONS OF TAIWANESE AND VARIOUS FOREIGN VARSITY BASEBALL PITCHERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic the pitching motion between Taiwanese, Japanese, Cuban, and American collegeate pitchers (21.9±1y, 1.76±3.8m, 76.6±7.9kg). Kinematic data were analyzed for 10 Taiwanese baseball pitchers, and compared with advanced research by Shimada et al. (2012), Takahashi et al. (2005), Escamilla et al. (2001), and Fleisig et al.(1999). Taiwanese pitchers showed larger peak pelvis rotation angular velocity (Taiwanese: 844.1±215.5 deg/s, Others: 720.2±174.44 deg/s). and smaller rotation angle at release(REL) of Taiwanese pitchers (T: -88.6 ± 9.9 deg) was larger than that of foreign baseball pitchers (O: -92.9±9.3 deg). Due to the kinetic chain, Taiwanese pitchers were unable to transfer the kinetic energy from the lower body to the upper body, and then, they couldn\u27t increase ball velocity
SUCCESSFUL SHOT LOCATIONS AND SHOT TYPES USED IN NCAA MEN’S DIVISION I BASKETBALL
Get PDFThe primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of court location (distance and angle from basket) and shot types used on shot success in NCAA Men’s DI basketball during the 2017-18 season. A secondary purpose was to further expand the analysis based on two additional factors: player position (guard, forward, or center) and team ranking. All statistical analyses were completed in RStudio and three binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors that influence shot success; one for all two and three point shot attempts, one for only two point attempts, and one for only three point attempts. Results indicated that guards are most likely to score as distance increases, when compared to forwards and centers. In addition, jump shots are most likely to be utilized successfully for every one-meter increase in distance, when compared to hook shots, tip shots, lay ups, and dunks. Results also indicated that, for further distances, the probability of shot success increases as angle decreases. The probability of shot success was also shown to be significantly influenced by team rank, with higher ranking teams having higher probabilities of shot success, although the magnitude of this effect was small and not practically relevant
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Putative Antipsychotic Drugs
Get PDFThis study attempted to further explore the discriminative stimulus properties of antipsychotic drugs, by establishing the typical antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine, and the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine as discriminative stimulus in two different groups of rats. The rats trained to discriminate chlorpromazine from vehicle failed to do so reliably, however nine of ten rats trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg clozapine from vehicle were able to acquire the discrimination in 19.1 sessions. The clozapine cue partially generalized (63.13% drug lever responding [SEM = ± 18.91]) to the antimalarial drug methylene blue at the 7.5 mg/kg dose, but not to the antimalarial quinacrine. This study found that the antimalarial drug methylene blue may share some pharmacological similarities or subjective effects with that of clozapine, and further studies into its antipsychotic value, if any, should be explored
GROUND REACTION FORCE AND KINEMATICS OF FOREHAND JUMPING SMASH AMONG ELITE MALAYSIAN BADMINTON PLAYERS
Get PDFThis study identified the contribution of lower and upper extremity biomechanical parameters towards high velocity and accuracy of the shuttle in forehand straight jumping smash. A total of 19 Malaysian elite badminton players performed a forehand straight jumping smash to a designated area at the opposite area of the court.Multiple corelation test was performed to determine the contributions of each variable in all three phases.Maximal Ground Reaction force (r=.548,p\u3c 0.05), Maximum jump height (r=.0505,
COMPARISON OF TEMPORO-SPATIAL AND KINETIC PARAMETERS DURING DOWNHILL WALKING ON A TREADMILL AND A RAMP CONSTRUCTION
Get PDFInclined treadmills or static ramp constructions can be used to investigate downhill gait in a standardised laboratory condition. However, it is not clear how the different systems affect the gait pattern during downhill walking. Therefore temporo-spatial (Qualisys) and kinetic data (loadsol®) of 13 healthy participants walking with a given speed (1.1 m/s) downhill with a -6° decline on a treadmill and a ramp system were analysed. On the treadmill participants walked with 8% shorter steps and shorter contact times, while they increased step frequency by 6%. Peak resultant forces remained similar compared to walking on a ramp construction. These alterations might be due to mechanical and psychological effects and have to be considered when conducting and analysing research that focuses on downhill gait
LITTLE GIRLS TO ADVANCED GYMNASTS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE SURVIVING GYMNASTS?
Get PDFTTalent identification programmes are widely employed in gymnastics to select young girls whom are thought to exhibit the pre-requisite traits to excel at the elite level in the future. This study revisits the Thomas, Wilson, and Bradshaw (2013) paper on 5-8 year old talent selected artistic gymnasts. The Gymnastics Victoria and Gymnastics Australia websites were data mined to track the competition history of these gymnasts. The original data (e.g. anthropometry, jump biomechanics) of the gymnasts that survived to an advanced level were compared against those whom did not, using the Kruskal Wallis test. The analysis revealed that better drop jump performance was the key indicator of longer term talent potential. Prospective analysis on surviving gymnasts provides better insights on the key attributes related to future advanced gymnastics potential
