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THE EFFICACY AND APPLICATION OF A 40-HOUR ONLINE TRAINING PROGRAM TOWARDS THE APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS REGISTERED BEHAVIOR TECHNICIAN™ CREDENTIAL
Get PDFThe profession of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has witnessed several attempts to legitimize the field and its practitioners through various credentialing processes. In response to the rapidly growing demand for ABA services and practitioners, the Behavior Analyst Certification Board® (BACB®) became the sole governing body responsible for the oversight of credentialing behavior analysts, including the Registered Behavior Technician™ (RBT®) credential. RBTs are responsible for directly implementing ABA services under the direct supervision of behavior analysts. The BACB requires RBT applicants complete several tasks in order to become certified, such as a 40-hour training and competency assessment, via online or face-to-face instruction, however, there has been little to no literature to support the efficacy of the various training modalities on their ability to effectively train individuals to the level of proficiency required by the RBT credential. Through correlation and pre- and post-test measures, the present study outlines support for the various training modalities of a 40-hour online training program to sufficiently prepare RBT applicants for the RBT Initial Competency Assessment and RBT Examination, which could help disseminate the credential to rural areas and assist in meeting the increased global need of competent ABA service providers
IMU-BASED ACTIVITY RECOGNITION OF THE BASKETBALL JUMP SHOT
Get PDFThe skill and performance of athletes is more and more represented by numbers. Technical devices are utilized to assist and monitor practices and games. In this regard, the objective of this study was to develop an IMU-based algorithm to recognize jump shots in arbitrary basketball motion sequences. For the extraction, a convolutional neural network was trained on the classification task. The leave-one-subject-out cross-validation of the network showed values of over 0.970 for recall and precision and an area under the curve of 0.995 for the receiver operating characteristic curve. The recognition algorithm represents the first step towards future motion analysis incorporated in a tool which may enable the individual player to self-evaluate their shooting mechanics and improve their shooting performance
MANIPULATING TIME: DIFFERENCES IN PEAK KNEE MOMENTS WHEN SIDESTEPPING TO TEMPORALLY CONSTRAINED QUASI-REALISTIC SCENARIOS
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyse how planning time effects peak knee valgus (PKVM) and internal rotation (PKIRM) moments using real-time (RT) and above real-time (ART) game-like video clips. 12 male Australian rules football players completed a modified sidestepping (SS) movement assessment. PKVM and PKIRM were measured across the weight acceptance phase of planned (PSS) and four unplanned SS conditions, increasing in video playback speed (UP100, UP125, UP150, UP175). No significant differences were found for PKVM or PKIRM between any SS conditions, however, the coefficient of variation in PKVM increased as the temporal constraints of the unplanned tasks increase. This study suggests that while mean group differences in PKVM may not be obvious, increased individual subject variation is evident as planning time decreases
ANALYSING PATTERNS OF COORDINATION AND PATTERNS OF CONTROL DURING A MAXIMAL INSTEP KICK IN ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL USING NOVEL DATA VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES IN VECTOR CODING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to use novel data visualisations for profiling the coordination pattern, segmental dominancy and inter-data point range of motion (IDP-ROM) when utilising a modified vector coding technique. On group data, coupling angle mapping and segmental dominancy profiling noted similar coordination patterns between the thorax and pelvis during the maximal instep kick on the dominant (D) and non-dominant limbs (ND). However, time-series profiling of IDP-ROM of the dominant segment visually highlighted greater pelvis range of motion during the forward swing phase of the kicking leg for the D limb in comparison to the ND limb
CORRELATION BETWEEN COORDINATION VARIABILITY AND SPRINT VELOCITY IN DIFFERENT SKILL LEVEL
Get PDFThe relationship between variability and motor performance may differ among different skill level subjects.The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between coordination variability and sprint velocity in athletes group and non-athletes group. Continuous relative phase method was used to quantify the coordination variability across trials. The results suggest that the correlation between coordination variability and sprint velocity are different in athletes group and non-athletes group. For Hip-Knee coordination variability of braking phase, in athletes group, there was a significant negative correlation between variability and sprint velocity, the faster the velocity was, the less variability was. But in non-athletes group, the correlation was positive, the faster the velocity was, the greater variability was. This study has highlighted the effect of skill level on relationship between coordination variability and performance
EFFECT OF FATIGUE FROM REPEATED SPRINTS ON HAMSTRING MUSCLE ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING RUNNING
Get PDFHamstring injury has been associated with fatigue-induced reductions in activation levels during running. This study examined neuromuscular changes of the hamstring muscles as a result of fatigue following sprinting in a group of nine team sport athletes. Hamstring muscle activation, lower-limb kinematics and isokinetic eccentric hamstring strength were assessed to examine the effects of fatigue during running at five different sub-maximal speeds. As expected, there were significant increases in both Biceps Femoris (BF) and Semitendinosus (ST) activations with running speed (P \u3c 0.001). After fatigue, BF activation during late swing significantly decreased by an average of 11% (P=0.002). There was evidence in some subjects that ST activity was increased with fatigue but the increase (4%) was non-significant for the group. There was also a tendency for reduced BF activity with fatigue to be more evident at the faster speeds of running. These findings support other evidence in the literature that the lateral hamstrings (BF) are more susceptible to fatigue. In addition, there were signs of compensatory increased ST activation levels in some subjects. These effects lend support to the potential benefit of this neuromuscular assessment of the hamstrings as a useful measure of both performance and recovery
DYNAMICS OF HANDSTAND BALANCE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify parameters that are associated with more successful motor control during handstand performance. For two groups of gymnasts, ‘less skilled’, who were able to hold handstands for 4 to 6s, and ‘more skilled’, who held handstands in excess of 10s, centre of mass (CoM) and centre of pressure (CoP) motion during the initial 3s of the handstand stability phase were analysed, as well as the 6 to 9s stabilised period for the more skilled gymnasts (balance phase). Time-space, time-frequency, CoM-CoP coherence, Hurst Exponent and CoM-CoP causality were investigated in anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. Characteristics of CoM and CoP for more and less skilled gymnasts were found to be directionally dependent (AP and ML). Nonlinear and frequency domain measures distinguished skill levels to a greater extent than time-space domain measures. The study findings shed light on the subtleties and complexities of the mechanics and dynamics that define CoM and CoP relations with increased skill level, that add to both basic and applied understanding
STEP-TO-STEP SPATIOTEMPORAL DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE SPRINT PERFORMANCE DURING THE ENTIRE ACCELERATION PHASE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematic determinants of maximal effort female sprint performance during the entire acceleration phase of a single sprint. Fifteen sub-elite female sprinters completed a 60 m maximal effort sprint from starting blocks over a long force platform system. Ground reaction force data was used to calculate step length, step frequency, support time and flight time. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to clarify the association between the rate of changes in these spatiotemporal variables and acceleration at every step. Peformance determinants elucidated included the rate of changes in step length (1st to 10th steps), step frequency (2nd to 7th steps), support time (1st to 5th steps) and flight time (4th to 7th steps). Results were considered similar to past research on male sprinters, although showed slightly different correlations
SPATIAL SPEED-ACCURACY TRADE-OFF IN INTERNATIONAL BADMINTON PLAYERS PERFORMING THE FOREHAND SMASH
Get PDFSpeed and accuracy of the badminton smash are critical components for successful performance. Fifty-two participants data were collected using a Vicon 3D Motion capture system (400 Hz) at the BWF Glasgow World Championships (2017). The purpose of this study was to identify and compare spatial speed-accuracy trade-off (SATO) relationships amongst international badminton players performing the forehand smash, under two conditions: maximal speed (MS) in the direction of a target; and maximal speed aiming to hit the centre of a target (TAR). Exploratory and confirmatory cluster analyses revealed three groupings: Fitts’ inverse relationship (FIR), no relationship (NR) and alternate inverse relationship (AIR). Findings indicate that for international badminton players 80–99% of maximum speed is the threshold for achieving the highest levels of spatial accuracy
STRENGTH-VELOCITY RELATIONSHIP OF RESISTED SWIMMING: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Get PDFThis study explored how external loads affect semi-tethered resisted swimming (STRS). Twenty national competitive swimmers (age: 18.31 ± 1.42 years) participated in an incremental STRS test. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between the load and the swimming variables were obtained, and simple linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the associations. The results showed that less velocity and acceleration were delivered at high loads (p \u3c 0.001). It increased the velocity fluctuation, affecting the swimming patterns adversely. A decrease in the impulse relative to the load pulled is obtained, especially after 20-30% of the maximal load (R2 = 0.724, p \u3c 0.000). Coaches should reconsider using STRS, as little benefits may be obtained in performance