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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE PLAYERS IN THE FRONTAL PLANE BIOMECHANICS DURING VOLLEYBALL SPIKE LANDING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate differences of kinematic variables between male and female volleyball players after a spiking, to understand the mechanism of volleyball spike landing. Eight males and eight females were recruited to participate in this study from the university volleyball team. The kinematic data were collected by ten Vicon cameras (300Hz) and two force plates (1500Hz). The results presented the right hip joint, and both knee joints are significant differences between male and female volleyball players at initial contact. Similarly, at the moment of peak force during the landing phase, the right hip joint and both knee joints are significant differences between male and female volleyball players. These differences demonstrated that male and female players performed different strategies during volleyball spike landing
INDIVIDUALS WITH GENERALIZED JOINT HYPERMOBILITY DEMONSTRATE SIMILAR LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE FORCES DURING A DYNAMIC CUTTING TASK
Get PDFGeneralized joint hypermobility (GJH) has been defined as a form of joint laxity that affects an individual systemically, with 5-43% of individuals in the population affected. These individuals experience injuries at a higher frequency and severity than the normal population. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if female collegiate division I lacrosse players with GJH demonstrated different muscle forces than matched controls during a demanding athletic-like task. EMG, kinematic, and kinetic data were collected as participants performed a single leg land and cut task. The GJH group demonstrated overall similar muscle forces in the lower extremity to controls. This is unexpected given the need for joint stability in the lower extremity of those individuals with greater generalized joint laxity
DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF APPROACH LENGTH ON SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL JOINT KINETICS DURING A RUNNING SINGLE-LEG JUMP
Get PDFThe approach lengths in running single-leg jumps (RSLJs) vary depending on various sports. We examined the effects of approach length on joint kinetics in RSLJ. We analysed RSLJs for height from the approaches of 1, 3, 5, and 7 steps by 10 male jumpers. The approach length did not have a main effect on hip extension torque (from 3.18±0.46 to 3.41±0.65 Nm/kg), while the hip abduction torque increased with increase in approach length (from 1.84±0.38 to 2.62±0.66 Nm/kg). The lumbosacral lateral flexors behaved similarly to the hip abductors. Results suggest that the greater frontal torques must be exerted from longer approaches whereas the greater hip extensors are important for RSLJs from shorter approaches. The findings provide the information for athletes what torque exertion ability should be trained with a priority depending on their approach lengths
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT EXPERIENCES OF PUBLISHING BIOMECHANICS RESEARCH
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate student experiences of publishing undergraduate research in biomechanics. Twenty-five individuals with experience of publishing peer-reviewed undergraduate biomechanics research completed an online survey regarding their perceived benefits and their level of involvement in various aspects of the research process. Areas of the greatest and least perceived benefits and student involvement were identified. Correlations suggested numerous beneficial effects of relatively low student involvement, more likely related to the concurrent greater supervisor involvement. Staff should make informed decisions regarding their level of involvement in each aspect of the research process rather than simply focusing on the final research output
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF TAI CHI ON POSTURAL STABILITY
Get PDFTai Chi has been reported to be effective in improving postural stability in older adults but the acute effects of Tai Chi on healthy young adults, however, has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to explore if there was an interaction effect between eye and surface conditions on measures of mean sway velocity (MSV) and 95% ellipitcal area (EA). The pre-/post-test measures of postural stability from 15 participants under eyes open and eyes closed and firm/foam surface conditions were examined. Change scores for MSV and EA were obrained by substracting pretest from posttest data after completing a 5-posture form Tai Chi exercise. A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine the interaction effect between the eye and surface conditions for MSV and EA. The results demonstrated that Tai Chi did not acutely effect postural stability
EFFFECTS OF SIMPLIFIED TAICHI ON THE BALANCE ABILITY OF THE ELDERLY
Get PDFPurpose: This study explores whether simplified Tai Chi can improve the balance ability of the elderly and provides a theoretical basis for studying fall prevention among the elderly. Methods: A three-dimensional force plate was used to test the balance of 30 healthy elderly. Balance ability was tested by using four postures, namely, standing with both eyes open,standing with both eyes closed,standing with one eye open, and standing with one eyeclosed.Results: The DO RMS-AP, DO RMS-ML, SC COP-ML, and SOT indexes of the Tai hi group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Simplified Tai Chi can improve the balance ability of the elderly. If one wants to improve his/her posture control ability when standing with one eye closed, then s/he needs to practice tai chi for an extended period
ANTICIPATORY EFFECTS ON WHOLE-BODY DYNAMIC STABILITY IN SIDE CUTTING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the anticipatory effects on factors that influence the ability to generate medial ground reaction forces in changes of direction, and the implications for injury risk markers. Twenty recreational soccer players completed 12 anticipated and 12 unanticipated side cutting tasks, whilst 3D motion capture and force plate data were collected. Five distinct movement strategies were found to represent factors that influence the medial ground reaction force vector, and comparisons were made between the two conditions using multiple t-tests in SPM1D. Whole-body dynamic stability is compromised by limited anticipation time, with a greater demand on a corrective hip strategy following a narrower foot placement and reduced sagittal plane loading efficiency. This may have implications for change of direction performance and injury risk
FATIGUE IMPAIRS KINEMATICS BUT NOT KINETICS OF LANDING AND CUTTING MOVEMENTS IN ELITE YOUTH FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS
Get PDFLower extremities are the most affected areas of injuries in indoor team handball, especially for female youth player. The mechanics of such injuries are well-known, however little is known about the influence of fatigue injury on risk factors. This study addresses fatigue-induced changes of movements that are associated lower extremity injuries in female youth handball players. Kinematics and kinetic data of 15 elite youth female team handball players were recorded for double- and single-leg landings as well as sidecutting maneuvers before, in the middle of and after a simulated handball specific load protocol. The protocol consisted of exercises typical for handball match activity. RPE was used as measure of fatigability and showed values ranging from 13 to 18 at the end of the treatment. ANOVA revealed fatigue related changes in initial knee flexion angle of the non-dominant leg in all tasks. For the cutting task, significant changes of the initial knee angle of the dominant leg, the initial and maximum hip flexion angle as well as maximum knee flexion angle of the non-dominant leg were observed. Consequently, fatigue players exhibited more extended movement patterns. In summary, the fatiguing protocol caused changes in landing and cutting kinematics of the non-dominant leg predominantly, whereas movement kinetics where not affected
BIOMECHANICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE BATTING BACKLIFT TECHNIQUE IN CRICKET: A COLLATION OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to discuss the biomechanical implications of the batting backlift technique (BBT) in cricket. Studies were cross-sectional in which both observational and analytical research methods were employed among past and present successful cricketers (n = 299). Biomechanical and video analyses were performed on all participant groups to determine the type of BBT that they performed. The analyses was conducted utilising the Kinovea TM (Version 0.8.15) software package. This paper showed that the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) is a likely contributing factor to successful batsmanship at all levels of cricket ability (junior, adolescent, semi-professional, professional, international and former elite/successful cricketers). It was also found that if batsmen want to be successful at the highest level of cricket, a LBBT is a successful contributing factor (among many of the other contributing factors for success in cricket batting) if adopted at the elite level. Furthermore, the LBBT can assist batsmen in improved performances over the varied formats of cricket between Tests, ODIs and T20s. Despite promising results, there is still a need to answer a number of questions through further in-depth biomechanical investigations and through interventions that are more counter-intuitive
THE USE OF A SINGLE INERTIAL SENSOR TO ESTIMATE GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING RUNNING: A PILOT STUDY
Get PDFInertial sensors have the potential to measure and monitor loads during running in ecologically valid settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of an inertial sensor to estimate ground reaction force from resultant acceleration in comparison to a force plate (FP). An inertial sensor was placed on the sacrum of three participants who undertook six runs at 3, 4 and 5 m/s over a FP. A strong correlation (r = 0.94) was observed for resultant step average force; with moderate CV % (9.20 %) and root mean square error (RMSE) (10.31 %) between the FP and force estimate derived from acceleration (FAcc). Moderate correlation (r = 0.52), large CV % (25.55 %) and RMSE (36.22 %) were observed for peak resultant ground reaction force. Inertial sensors have potential to estimate average force, but should be used with caution due to the error compared with FP data (\u3e 10 %)