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CHANGES IN THE THROWING TECHNIQUE OF COLLEGE MALE JAVELIN THROWERS BY AN IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK TRAINING.
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to present effects of the immediate feedback training on techniques in college male javelin throwers. The participants were five college male javelin throwers. The technical problems revealed by the preliminary motion analysis were explained to the participants for this experiment. In the immediate feedback training, an iPad displaying the motion pattern of the ELITE throwers (Notomo et al., 1998) was set up, and a delayed playback device was used to allow the participants to visually compare their own movements with the model after throwing. Three trials were performed in each of before and after the training sessions. The best recorded trials in each of the training sessions were selected for analysis. Three of five throwers improved their deceleration of center of gravity and trunk rotation, although improvement in the record and the release speed of all participants was not observed
EFFECTS OF AGEING ON GAIT COMPLEXITY
Get PDFAgeing alters gait patterns that influences the control mechanism of human movement. The aim of this study was to identify the age-related differences in complexity of gait kinematics. Gait is a fundamental but complex action, and loss of complexity has been suggested with ageing. In this study multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis was used to investigate complexity in gait. Whole body kinematic data for 10 younger adults (21±1.84 years old) and 10 older adults (62.7±2.2 years old) running at 9 km/h on the treadmill for 2 minutes were analysed. Body centre of mass (CoM) were calculated. MSE of CoM position, and ankle, knee and hip angles were estimated. Hip angular displacement exhibited higher MSE (higher complexity) compared to the CoM position, ankle and knee angular displacement. MSE increased from ankle to knee to hip. MSE of the Hip was significantly lower for the older compared to the younger group, but MSE was not different between young and old participants for other variables. Loss of complexity may only be observed for some kinematic variables, which is a key point to consider for future work applying these techniques to understand gait changes with age
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE AND CONCENTRIC MOVEMENT VELOCITY DURING RESISTANCE EXERCISE
Get PDFWe compared muscle architecture with concentric movement velocity (CMV) during resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-four RE active males (21.4 ± 1.8 yrs) completed a dominant leg, single-leg leg extension at 75 & 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) to failure. Ultrasound measures of the vastus lateralis (VL) were taken to assess pennation angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT) & fascicle length (FL). MT & 1RM were moderately correlated (r=0.32). Further, PA & FL were significantly correlated with 75% 1RM peak (P) & average (Av) CMV, (r=0.41-0.75) & FL/MT was strongly correlated with 75% 1RM P & Av CMV (r=0.64-0.76). Additionally, multiple regression suggested PA & FL were significantly associated with CMV. The data suggest FL, PA & FL/MT are importantly related to CMV during moderate-to-heavy RE, to failure
THE ROLES AND MECHANISMS OF LINEAR AND ANGULAR IMPULSE GENERATION FOR BOTH LEGS IN BASEBALL PITCHING: A WHOLE-BODY PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis study compared the role of each leg in generating linear and angular impulse during fastball pitches performed by professional pitchers (n=4). Participants were asked to pitch from an instrumented mound and 6-11 successful fastball pitches were used for the analysis. The results indicate that back leg generated forward linear impulse and the front leg generated backward linear impulse for all pitchers. Back leg ground reaction forces generated significantly larger angular impulse about a horizontal axis passing through the body center of mass from the mound to first base than the front leg in three of four pitchers. Additionally, the mechanisms of moment generation about the axis by each leg differed
Kinematic analysis of the instep kick action of elementary school students in soccer ―focus on ball speed and rebound ratio－
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to establish guidelines for proper selection of soccer balls for elementary school students. Ten youth soccer team players aged 8-11 years, who all kicked using their right foot, were included in this study. The participants were asked to perform an instep kick with full strength to hit a stationary soccer ball toward a target 8 m away. Two types of balls (with different masses) were used in the experiment. A size 4 ball weighing 360 g and a size 3 ball weighing 300 g. For data collection, a Vicon optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used. For kinematic calculations, ball velocity, toe velocity, and rebound ratio (ball velocity / toe velocity right before impact) were calculated. A significant difference was observed in velocities in both kicks (
Human Recreation Influences American Black Bear Occupancy and Activity Across the Rural-Highland Interface
No full textWhile protected areas encompass ~15% of Earth’s terrestrial surface and serve an important role in wildlife conservation, most wildlife occur outside protected areas and are subject to varying degrees of human disturbance. In the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, for example, American black bears (Ursus americanus) are relatively common across the forested landscape despite a rapidly growing outdoor recreation industry (e.g., mountain biking, snow biking, snowmobiling, hiking). As a highly mobile, opportunistic species with a large home range, increased human activity across the landscape has the potential to affect black bear spatial and temporal activity, as well as reduce their period of inactivity (i.e., hibernation) which may lead to an increase in human-bear conflicts. As such, our goal is to investigate how landscape (e.g., land cover type, distance to water) and anthropogenic (e.g., human presence, recreating type, infrastructure) factors influence black bear occupancy, detection probability, and activity patterns across the urban-wildland interface before and after hibernation. To accomplish our goals, we deployed 30 trail cameras across a 60km2 study area that includes multi-use lands managed by MI-Department of Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy and Hancock Timber Management Group in Marquette County, MI. Preliminary results indicate black bear occurrence at 23 camera sites (~77%), and an increase in activity following hibernation in the spring. Though analyses are ongoing, we expect to find that peak black bear activity not only differs seasonally, but also differs based on peak human activity and the type of activity being performed. Understanding black bear responses to human recreation patterns across the urban-wildland interface may provide useful information for minimizing human-mediated disturbance of this common, wide-ranging carnivore
Characterization of the P2D7 Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Basigin-2
No full textBetween 1990 and 2017, the worldwide rate of female infertility has increased by nearly 15% (Sun et al., 2019). The major factor responsible for early pregnancy loss is attributed to the failure of an embryo to implant into the uterus. A number of studies have identified molecules that are necessary for successful implantation, but their function during implantation remains poorly understood (Zhang et al., 2013). Therefore, it is imperative to further investigate the process of embryo implantation to progress the field of reproduction and fertility. The cell surface glycoprotein basigin, is necessary for embryo implantation in the mouse (Li & Nowak, 2020) and plays a significant role in many cellular functions including cell communication and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (Chen et al., 2009). In vitro studies using human uterine cells grown in culture, demonstrate that basigin regulates the expression and secretion of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, (MMPs) which are critical for successful implantation to occur in the mouse (Belton et al., 2008). Recently, our lab purified the anti-basigin-2 monoclonal antibody originally developed by Dr. Belton at the University of Illinois. We hypothesize that this monoclonal antibody (P2D7) will specifically label human basigin proteins in human uterine tissue. To test this hypothesis, we sectioned paraffin-embedded human endometrial tissue samples and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the P2D7 antibody to demonstrate antibody labeling of basigin proteins. Antibody competition assays were also performed using the purified recombinant basigin protein (rBSG) to block antibody binding to the tissues. Our results reveal that the P2D7 antibody specifically and reproducibly labels basigin within the uterine tissue samples. These results will allow us to address the overall research question of “Is basigin-2 involved in cellular migration of human endometrial stromal cells?
Feminist Approach to Clinical Psychology
Get PDFThe feminist approach to clinical psychology takes into consideration the social context of an individuals life when considering psychological problems. This approach allows for a more inclusive understanding of the source of psychological problems in one life, and increased accuracy in treatment route selection. Review of the history of feminist clinical psychology and discussion of where the theory is today will both be included
Blaney Park Resort, Part I: Birth and Transformation
Get PDFFor decades, Blaney Park Resort in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula drew visitors from all over the Midwest to an unparalleled array of activities.
From nearby and faraway, tourists and local residents came by train, small plane, and vehicle to Blaney Park. U. P. residents remember Blaney as the scene of formal receptions, informal socializing, dining, dancing and drinking, and a whopper smorgasbord. From horseback riding, swimming, golf, archery and snow sports; to hunting, fishing and trapping; to elbow-bending and toe-tapping, Blaney had something for everyone
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TEACHER INTERACTIONS WITH STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Get PDFThis qualitative, phenomenological research study was designed to study the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on teacher interactions with students with special needs during the mandatory school closures that took place during March of 2020. This study consisted of seven interviews with special education teachers, from three different districts, located in Menominee and Delta counties in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Participant responses to interview questions (See Appendix C), revealed six common themes: Inability to consistently connect with students and a lack of participation amongst students. Lack of training and no prior online teaching experience. Lack of available technology and connectivity available for all students. Lack of ordinary routine and direct instruction. Academic and emotional regressions in students. Having resources that align with the online platforms that districts are using
With the findings of this study, school leaders may be able to develop policies that will better serve students with special needs in the event of future long-term school closures