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Mitteilungsblatt der Universität Kassel // 19. Jahrgang, Nr. 19, September 2024

Mit dieser Dissertation hat Nicolai Götze den Ulrich-Teichler-Preis für hervorragende Doktorarbeiten gewonnen

Götze, Nicolai

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Kassel, Universität Kassel. Fachbereich Bauingenieur- und Umweltingenieurwesen

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Investigating Hydrological Changes andGroundwater Complexities in Bengaluru City, India: Exploring the Interactions of Urbanization and Data-Scarcity

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Kassel, Universität Kassel, Fachbereich Humanwissenschaften, Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft

Bosse, Dorit (Prof. Dr.)

Wodzinski, Rita (Prof. Dr.)

Reitinger, Johannes (Prof. Dr.)

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Gnambs, Timo (Dr.)

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Thalheim, Vinzenz

FORSCHUNGSNOTIZEN
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12592-023-00485-1
Soziale Passagen (2023) 15:615–618
Universalist children’s services. From two-part to
inclusive social infrastructure
Vinzenz Thalheim
Received: 19 June 2023 / Accepted: 16 November 2023 / Published online: 11 January 2024
© The Author(s) 2024
Abstract The scientific network “Universalist Children’s Services: From Two-Part
to Inclusive Social Infrastructure,” funded by the German Research Foundation,
comprises 20 researchers. Its purpose is to contribute to the development of a more
inclusive design of the public children’s services system. To achieve this objective,
the network integrates legal and educational perspectives in its analysis of the cur-
rent structure of the children’s services system. The network’s starting point is the
concept of universalist children’s services, and its aim is to engage in experimen-
tal discussions on the potential transformation of the current (exclusive) two-part
structure into a predominantly universalist service framework. The ultimate goal is
to initiate a foundational and interdisciplinary discourse to identify future research
needs in this field.
Keywords Stigma · (Targeted) family support · Social work · Inclusion · Goffman
 Dr. Vinzenz Thalheim, M.A.
Institut für Sozialwesen, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
E-Mail: vthalheim@uni-kassel.de
K
616 V. Thalheim
Bedingungslose Jugendhilfe. Von der zweiteiligen zur inklusiven
sozialen Infrastruktur
Zusammenfassung Das von der DFG geförderte Wissenschaftliche Netzwerk „Be-
dingungslose Jugendhilfe. Von der zweiteiligen zur inklusiven sozialen Infrastruk-
tur“ besteht aus 20 Wissenschaftler:innen. Es hat sich zusammengeschlossen, um
einen Beitrag zur inklusiveren Ausgestaltung der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zu leisten.
Hierfür werden rechts- und erziehungswissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf die ge-
genwärtige Leistungsstruktur der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zusammengeführt. Den
Ausgangspunkt des Netzwerks bildet die Idee einer „Bedingungslosen Jugendhil-
fe“. Es soll experimentierend diskutiert werden, ob und inwiefern ein inklusiveres
Jugendhilfesystem gestaltet werden kann, wenn seine gegenwärtige (exkludierende)
Zweiteilung in eine weitgehend bedingungslose Leistungsstruktur transformiert wer-
den würde. Ziel ist es, einen grundlagentheoretischen und interdisziplinär angelegten
Diskurs zu eröffnen, um zukünftige Forschungsbedarfe zu identifizieren.
Schlüsselwörter Stigma · Hilfen zur Erziehung · Soziale Arbeit · Inklusion ·
Goffman
1 Research status
The German system of children’s services (Social Code, Book VIII) is the central
public infrastructure that supports young people and their families in enabling self-
determined life plans and participation in society (Böllert 2018, p. 4). The public
children’s services are divided into open universalist services (§ 11–26) and targeted
family support (§ 27–35). The universalist services are available to all young peo-
ple and parents and can be conceptually understood as public socialization services
(Dewe and Otto 2012). This public responsibility for the upbringing of children
and adolescents is extensive, as evidenced by day nurseries (§ 22–26), which have
become an indispensable part of the social infrastructure that strengthens parents in
their autonomous parenting (Schrödter 2020). The combination of private and social
infrastructural resources for ordinary support needs is collectively referred to as the
family’s self-sufficient ability to manage their lives autonomously. In addition to
these universalist children’s services, targeted family support (Hilfen zur Erziehung)
is available in accordance with §§ 27–35. To access these services, there must be a
diagnosed educational need (cf. Smessaert 2022), meaning that “adequate education
for the child or adolescent cannot be ensured” (§ 27 [1]). The system of children’s
services serves as the state’s sentinel for the child’s welfare. If appropriate education
is not provided, the state may recommend educational assistance. If the welfare of
the child (according to § 1666 of the German Civil Code) is endangered, affected, or
threatened, the state must intervene and order family support interventions or tem-
porarily or permanently revoke parental custody. According to this public children’s
service structure, targeted family support is currently designed not as complementary
but as compensatory services for families (Thalheim 2021). By legally referring to
deficiencies within the family, targeted family support involves exclusionary dimen-
K
Universalist children’s services. From two-part to inclusive social infrastructure 617
sions that can lead to stigma for their users (Thalheim i.E.) 2023, creating barriers
to access (Oelerich et al. 2019).
Against this background, the current children’s services can be characterized as
a two-part system, divided into universalist and targeted services. Thus, an inclu-
sive and exclusive range of services is created, which structurally stigmatizes those
individuals who are only entitled to access family support based on deviating defi-
ciencies (Schrödter et al. 2021) potentially maintaining fragile life plans for those
individuals (Thalheim and Schrödter 2021). Such categorizations seem to contradict
a broad understanding of inclusion, not limited to disabilities, which seeks to over-
come deficit-oriented categories of individuals (Schönecker 2020, p. 2) and aims
to meet the individual educational, care, and support needs of every young person
“while minimizing the use of special facilities and services for specific groups”
(BMFSFJ 2013, p. 370).
Furthermore, diagnostic procedures are associated with targeted family support,
in which it is tested whether parents are “normal” or “resistant” or whether there is
a deviating educational need (Freres 2023). These deficit-oriented needs assessments
(e.g., home visits) have been described in studies as interrogations that put pressure
on parents or try to provoke them through blame, which can be stigmatizing and
degrading (Biesel and Urban-Stahl 2018; Bode and Turba 2014; Franzheld 2017;
Freres et al. 2019; Pomey 2017).
Overall, there is a tension between the two-part, exclusionary system structure of
children’s services and its intended inclusive mandate.
2 Objectives and work program
The network funded by the German Research Foundation comprises 20 researchers.
It aims to provide an opportunity for a fundamental theoretical discussion on whether
and to what extent a more inclusive children’s service system can be designed by
transforming its (exclusive) division into a largely universalist service structure.
Drawing on the expertise of the 20 network members, the complex research
question will be addressed in an interdisciplinary manner by bringing together legal
and educational perspectives that are considered essential for shaping the Social
Code, Book VIII.
The network aims to initiate a discourse on the idea of transforming targeted
family support services into universalist services. Disciplinary consensuses, such as
educational need as a legal prerequisite for accessing targeted family support, can be
broken up through interdisciplinary exchange, fostering alternative and innovative
approaches that promise important points of reference for future inclusion-oriented
research on the public system of children’s services.
In a total of six working meetings over 3 years, fundamental research needs of
the system of children’s services from the perspectives of law, childhood and family
studies, and social work theory will be identified and eventually published, with
the goal of contributing to the international discourse on universalist social service
provision.
K
618 V. Thalheim
Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Com-
mons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article
are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not
permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly
from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.
0/.
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