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Characterizing the Use of Botanical Resources from Pollen Loads from Apis mellifera, and Stingless Bees’ Pot-pollen Palynology: An Approach Using Network Analysis and Generalized Linear Models
Get PDFPollen loads gathered by honeybees and pot-pollen stored by stingless bees are functional foods with commercial potential. The botanical origin influences the physicochemical composition of the corbicular pollen, Apis mellifera’s bee bread, and the stingless bees’ pot-pollen processed in their nests. Thus, it is vital to determine the factors affecting the botanical composition of these apicultural products. As no prior research on the subject has been conducted, this study examines seasonality and bee species’ impact on the phytogeographic source of honeybee pollen loads and stingless bees’ pot-pollen through the use of palynological analysis, Network Analysis, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Due to seasonal variations and abiotic factors, Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata, Melipona marginata, and Scaptotrigona bipunctata stingless bees produced monofloral pot-pollen from plant species within the Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae families. In contrast, A. mellifera and Tetragona clavipes bees exhibited a more generalist pollen foraging behavior, resulting in heterofloral pollen loads or pot-pollen in most seasons studied. The GLM results indicate that factors including ‘bee species’ and ‘season’ impacted the volume and varieties of pollen gathered by honeybees and stingless bees. It is vital to acknowledge the production area’s characteristics, such as climatic conditions, bee-friendly plants, flower types and quantity, and the behavioral patterns of the bee species regarding pollen foraging. These results highlight the significance of establishing best practices for producing monofloral and heterofloral pollen loads, or pot-pollen. This information may be utilized for commercial applications of A. mellifera pollen loads and stingless bee pot-pollen
Ants as Bioindicators of Habitat Conservation in a Conservation Area of the Atlantic Forest Biome
Get PDFAnts are used as bioindicators because they play diverse ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Their richness, abundance, and broad geographic distribution allow these insects to be used to predict the conditions of environmental conservation. This study aimed to evaluate the bioindicator potential of the ant fauna in Parque Estadual do Turvo, Rio Grande do Sul. Sampling was carried out in two events, in January and November of 2019, using soil and canopy pitfall traps, sardine baits, glucose baits, an entomological umbrella, and a sweeping net. We verified the association of ant species to the sampled strata (soil and leaf litter and vegetation) through an Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We identified 157 species belonging to 32 genera and eight subfamilies. The subfamily with the most outstanding richness was Myrmicinae, with 70 species, followed by Formicinae, with 40 species. The richest genera in the samples were Camponotus (S = 29), Pheidole (S = 23), and Linepithema (S = 11). Overall, 58 species occurred exclusively in the soil and leaf litter stratum and 23 in the arboreal stratum. Nine species had a significant indication value for the sampled strata, seven for soil and leaf litter, and two for the arboreal strata. The results show the potential of ant fauna as a basis for environmental impact studies and management and conservation plans in the southern Atlantic Forest biome
Contribution of Omnidirectional Flight Traps to Assess the Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in an Agroforestry System
Get PDFThe Malaise trap is widely used for monitoring the diversity of flying insects. The omnidirectional model (Omnidirectional flight trap) is well known when hung in the understory, where it divides the sampling of these insects into two interception strata, a lower and an upper one. In general, the interest in using this trap type is because it allows to collect organisms with distinct flight behaviors to be discriminated against. Here, we investigated what information this trap can provide from samples of canopy ants and winged individuals as workers. We evaluated the sampling efficiency of the ant fauna, comparing the collection strata of this trap in a cocoa agroforestry system. To collect the ants, 40 traps were installed near an equivalent number of shading trees in a cacao plantation. A total of 374 specimens of ants belonging to 94 species or morphospecies of Formicidae were captured. Of these, 44 species were represented by alates of both sexes, while workers represented 68 species. A significant difference in the average number of ant species, both winged individuals and workers, was observed according to the trap interception stratum. A greater number of alates were collected in the upper stratum than in the lower one. An inverse pattern was observed for workers. However, we do not observe any difference according to the trap interception stratum when focusing on the whole ant diversity independently from their cast. On the contrary, the pattern of species composition comparing the two trap interception strata varied according to the ant casts. The Malaise traps are also interesting because they provide valuable information about the activity of canopy ants, such as foraging (workers) and mating flight (alates: height, orientation, time, according to the schedule of trap use)
Effect of Temperature on Nestmate Recognition in the Ant Odontomachus chelifer
Get PDFCuticular hydrocarbons play multiple roles in social insects. Their primary function is to waterproof the external surface of the body of individuals in order to prevent desiccation, however, they also act as a chemical signature in social insects, unique to each colony, through which individuals recognize themselves as nestmates. These compounds may undergo changes due to exogenous factors, aiming to maintain the integrity of the cuticle. However, changes in cuticular chemical composition may impair recognition among nestmates. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that nestmates of the ant Odontomachus chelifer, when submitted to different temperature conditions, may undergo changes in their normal pattern of recognition. To do this, groups of workers were kept under two different temperatures, 15 and 30 °C, during a period of 24 hours, and then submitted to induced encounters with workers who remained for this same period at a temperature of 25 °C. As a form of control, the same type of encounter was performed between ants that remained isolated, but at the same temperature and also between ants from different colonies. The results show that ants that remain for 24 hours under different temperature conditions, present some level of difficulty in recognizing themselves as nestmates, performing more aggressive behaviors and taking longer touching themselves (antennation) than in the control condition
Mating Behavior of The Small Carpenter Ant, Camponotus yamaokai
Get PDFAnts are known to show diverse mating behaviors across different species, but detailed reports on such behaviors are limited to only 0.7% of ant species. Therefore, we report on the mating behavior of the alate females and males in the small carpenter ant, Camponotus yamaokai. Its process was classified into two phases: mating attempt, and copulation. Out of 53 pairs we observed, 23 pairs engaged in a total of 36 mating attempts. The mating attempt durations in cases where copulation failed were significantly longer than those leading to copulation. Among these attempts, copulation was observed 10 times in 9 pairs, including multiple mating in one pair. The copulation lasted for 24.0 ± 5.1 seconds (mean ± SD). At the end of copulation, males pulled out their genitalia quickly to avoid potential attacks from the females. This behavior might be a strategy of males to minimize the risk of mortality during a single mating and support them to engage in multiple mating
First Karyotype Description for Acanthognathus rudis Brown & Kempf, 1969 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) with Notes on Its Natural History
No full textThe trap-jaw ant Acanthognathus Mayr (Myrmicinae: Dacetina) has been subject of various studies since 1969, but there has been no progress in its cytogenetics. This study describes provides the first karyotype description of a representative of the genus, A. rudis, including chromosomal number, morphology, and the distribution of repetitive sequences. A colony collected in Southeastern Brazil exhibited a diploid number of 2n = 14 (12 metacentrics + 2 submetacentrics), the lowest number among the Daceton genus-group and the first Neotropical representative of this group to be karyologically studied. The rDNA clusters were located in the pericentromeric region of a single chromosome pair, (GA)n blocks were present only in the terminal regions of both chromosome arms in the euchromatic regions, and (TTAGG)n hybridized with the telomeres of all chromosomes, without interstitial telomeric sites. The repetitive sequence patterns align with those observed in other Neotropical Formicidae. Additionally, we documented new behavioral aspects of mandible use in A. rudis workers and provided the first images of its immature stages. These findings emphasize the need for further research on Acanthognathus and the other Daceton genus-group
Violência física contra mulheres: revisão integrativa no campo da saúde: Physical violence against women: integrative review in the field of health
Get PDFPhysical violence against women is one of the most prevalent forms of violence in Brazil. its implications for integral health are widely recognized. The objective was to know the scientific productions in the Brazilian scenario about women with body injuries resulting from gender violence. An integrative review was carried out in August 2021 in several databases. The search for articles occurred through the selection of the theme in the Health Sciences Descriptors and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The productions result from the areas of nursing, dentistry and psychology. These studies describe the profile of women who have suffered physical violence, mainly women aged between 20 and 40 years, married, with less than eight years of schooling and who carry out activities related to the domestic environment. The most characteristic lesions are those that affect the face and upper limbs. The publications do not reflect on the care provided to women, its technical possibilities and technologies. The work made it possible to identify the need to improve discussions about women in situations of physical aggression, considering the specificity of gender violence, especially the potential and challenges of care.La violencia física contra las mujeres es una de las formas de violencia más prevalentes en Brasil. Sus implicaciones para la salud integral son ampliamente reconocidas. El objetivo fue comprender las producciones científicas en el escenario brasileño sobre mujeres con lesiones corporales resultantes de la violencia de género. Se realizó una revisión integradora, realizada en agosto de 2021, en varias bases de datos. La búsqueda de artículos ocurrió a través de la selección del tema en los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud y los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las producciones provienen de las áreas de enfermería, odontología y psicología. Estos estudios describen el perfil de las mujeres que sufrieron violencia física, principalmente mujeres con edades entre 20 y 40 años, casadas, con menos de ocho años de educación y que realizan actividades relacionadas con el ámbito doméstico. Las lesiones más típicas son las que afectan a la cara y a los miembros superiores. Las publicaciones no reflexionan sobre la atención brindada a las mujeres, sus posibilidades técnicas y tecnologías. El trabajo permitió identificar la necesidad de mejorar las discusiones sobre mujeres en situaciones de agresión física, considerando la especificidad de la violencia de género, especialmente las potencialidades y desafíos de la atención.A violência física contra mulheres constitui uma das formas de violência de alta prevalência no Brasil. Suas implicações para a saúde integral são de amplo reconhecimento. Objetivou-se conhecer as produções científicas no cenário brasileiro acerca das mulheres com lesões corporais decorrentes da violência de gênero. Procedeu-se a uma revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto de 2021, em diversas bases de dados. A busca de artigos ocorreu por meio da seleção do tema nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As produções resultam das áreas de enfermagem, odontologia e psicologia. Esses estudos descrevem o perfil das mulheres que sofreram violência física, sendo elas, principalmente, mulheres na faixa de idade entre 20 e 40 anos, casadas, com menos de oito anos de estudos e que exercem atividades relacionadas ao ambiente doméstico. As lesões mais características são as que atingem a face e os membros superiores. As publicações não trazem reflexões sobre o cuidado prestado às mulheres, suas possibilidades técnicas e tecnologias. O trabalho permitiu identificar a necessidade de aprimoramento das discussões acerca das mulheres em situação de agressão física, considerando a especificidade da violência de gênero, especialmente as potencialidades e os desafios do cuidado
Cárie e má oclusão na infância: prevalência e fatores associados do contexto familiar: Caries and malocclusion in childhood: prevalence and associated factors in the family contexto
Get PDFIntroduction: Maintaining children’s oral health is essential for the child’s adequate development, which in turn depends on family care for their growth. Objective: To describe and analyze the impact of family context (socioeconomic and behavioral aspects) and maternal quality of life on the occurrence of tooth decay and malocclusion. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with secondary data. The population was 528 children (18 to 71 months) living in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in four health districts of Salvador, Bahia. Dental caries was assessed using dmft, while malocclusion was identified according to the Malocclusion Index (WHO) criteria and some clinical criteria, such as the presence of an anterior open bite. Data processing was performed in Excel and descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis was performed in STATA. Results: It was observed that the prevalence of dental caries was 16.48% and the dmft was 0.62. The prevalence of malocclusion was 27.46%. Among the types of malocclusion, anterior open bite was the most predominant, affecting 132 children (25%). The following covariates were positively associated with caries: age, skin color, maternal education and the fact that the child does not live with their mother, prolonged breastfeeding time, maternal physical pain as a complicating factor in daily life and the need for treatment mother’s doctor (p < 0.05). The following were associated with malocclusion: reduced breastfeeding time, sucking habit, lack of meaning in the mother’s life, insufficient energy for the mother’s daily life and lack of maternal training for work (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Caries and malocclusion in childhood are still common problems in Salvador, Bahia, and are associated with material and subjective aspects of the family context. Public policies aimed at reducing the negative effects caused by socioeconomic and demographic disparities present in society are essential to reduce the prevalence of these diseases.Introducción: Mantener la salud bucal de los niños es fundamental para el adecuado desarrollo del niño, el cual a su vez depende del cuidado familiar para su crecimiento. Objetivo: Describir y analizar el impacto del contexto familiar (aspectos socioeconómicos y conductuales) y la calidad de vida materna en la aparición de caries y maloclusión. Metodología: Estudio transversal con datos secundarios. La población fue de 528 niños (de 18 a 71 meses) residentes en áreas cubiertas por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en cuatro distritos de salud de Salvador, Bahía. La caries dental se evaluó mediante ceod, mientras que la maloclusión se identificó según los criterios del Índice de Maloclusión (OMS) y algunos criterios clínicos, como la presencia de mordida abierta anterior. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó en Excel y el análisis estadístico descriptivo y exploratorio en STATA. Resultados: Se observó que la prevalencia de caries dental fue de 16,48% y la ceod de 0,62. La prevalencia de maloclusión fue del 27,46%. Entre los tipos de maloclusión, la mordida abierta anterior fue la más predominante, afectando a 132 niños (25%). Las siguientes covariables se asociaron positivamente con la caries: edad, color de piel, educación materna y el hecho de que el niño no viva con su madre, tiempo prolongado de lactancia materna, dolor físico materno como factor de complicación en la vida diaria y necesidad de tratamiento médico de la madre. (p < 0,05). Se asociaron con maloclusión: reducción del tiempo de lactancia, hábito de succión, falta de sentido en la vida de la madre, energía insuficiente para la vida diaria de la madre y falta de capacitación materna para el trabajo (p < 0,05). Conclusión: La caries y la maloclusión en la infancia siguen siendo problemas comunes en Salvador de Bahía y están asociadas a aspectos materiales y subjetivos del contexto familiar. Las políticas públicas encaminadas a reducir los efectos negativos causados por las disparidades socioeconómicas y demográficas presentes en la sociedad son esenciales para reducir la prevalencia de estas enfermedades.Introdução: A manutenção da saúde bucal infantil é fundamental para o desenvolvimento adequado da criança, que por sua vez depende do cuidado familiar para o seu crescimento. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o impacto do contexto familiar (aspectos socioeconômicos e comportamentais) e da qualidade de vida materna na ocorrência da cárie dentária e má oclusão. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal com dados secundários. A população foi de 528 crianças (18 a 71 meses) residentes em áreas cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em quatro distritos sanitários de Salvador, Bahia. A cárie dentária foi avaliada através do ceo-d, enquanto a má oclusão foi identificada de acordo com os critérios do Índice de Má Oclusão (OMS) e alguns critérios clínicos, como presença de mordida aberta anterior. O processamento dos dados foi realizado no Excel e a análise estatística descritiva e exploratória no STATA. Resultados: Observou-se que a prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 16,48 % e o ceo-d igual a 0,62. A prevalência de má oclusão foi de 27,46%. Dentre os tipos de má oclusão, a mordida aberta anterior foi a mais predominante, atingindo 132 crianças (25%). Associaram-se positivamente com a cárie as covariáveis: idade, cor da pele, escolaridade materna e o fato de a criança não morar com sua mãe, tempo de aleitamento materno prolongado, dor física materna como fator dificultador no dia a dia e necessidade de tratamento médico da mãe (p < 0,05). Associaram-se com a má-oclusão: tempo de aleitamento materno reduzido, hábito de sucção, falta de sentido na vida da mãe, energia insuficiente para o dia a dia da mãe e falta de capacitação materna para o trabalho (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A cárie e a má oclusão na infância são agravos ainda frequentes em Salvador, Bahia, e estão associados a aspectos materiais e subjetivos do contexto familiar. Políticas públicas direcionadas a reduzir os efeitos negativos provocados pelas disparidades socioeconômicas e demográficas presentes na sociedade se fazem essenciais para diminuir a prevalência destes agravos
A ANTROPOFAGIA E A “BUSCA DO NOVO HOMEM": SOBRE A PECULIARIDADE DO BRASIL EM OSWALD DE ANDRADE E VILEM FLUSSER
Get PDFRESUMO: Uma aproximação entre Vilém Flusser e Oswald de Andrade parece muito plausível se analisarmos algumas características marcantes de sua produção intelectual: iconoclastia, irreverência e uma atenção quase obsessiva às peculiaridades da realidade e da cultura brasileiras. No entanto, trata-se de mais do que isso, já que, num texto pouco conhecido do público brasileiro, Vilém Flusser se refere a Oswald — contrariando a opinião geral que o considera apenas como um autor literário — como o filósofo brasileiro mais significativo de sua geração. Além disso, deve-se prestar a atenção num elemento compartilhado por ambos, a saber, o ideal da humanidade como corporificando o que Huizinga denominou homo ludens, i.e., a característica de um ser cuja melhor parte é o seu impulso ao jogo. Dentre as múltiplas possibilidades de aproximação entre Flusser e Andrade, este artigo aborda a relevância da ludicidade para ambos essenciais filósofos brasileiros.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Homo ludens, Antropofagia, Fenomenologia do brasileiro.
ABSTRACT: An approximation between Vilém Flusser and Oswald de Andrade seems to be very plausible when we analyze some striking characteristics of their intellectual production: iconoclasm, irreverence, and an almost obsessive concern with the peculiarities of Brazilian reality and culture. It is, however, much more than that since, in a text little known to the Brazilian public, Vilém Flusser refers to Oswald de Andrade — contrary to the general opinion that considers him just a literature author — as the most significant Brazilian philosopher of his generation. Furthermore one should also draw attention to an element shared by both, namely, the ideal of humanity as embodying what Huizinga had called homo ludens, that is, the characteristic of a being whose best part is his impulse to play. Among the multiple possibilities of rapprochement between Flusser and Andrade, this paper focuses on the relevance of playfulness to both essential Brazilian philosophers.
KEYWORDS: Homo ludens, Anthropophagy, Phenomenology of the Brazilian
O booktube: um instrumento para o letramento literário e a formação de leitores
Get PDFThe present work has as a theme the literary literacy and the formation of readers in the Ensino Médio (High School), focusing on the association between the booktube and reading, its otential as a tool for the development of the literary literacy of students in this school segment. The problems motivated this study were the lack of taste and pleasure in the literary reading of many high school students; the sometimes fruitless approach to traditional literature teaching, which is based primarily on literary historiography and canonical reading; and the need to incorporate digital to school reading practices. This study aims to offer subsidies, in the form of didactic proposal, so that the teacher of Portuguese Language and/ or Literature can use the booktube as a tool for literary reading and the training of readers in high school. Theoretically, the research was based on the Bakhtinian conception of language and discursive genre (BAKHTIN, 2011); on the concepts of literacies and multiliteracies (GRUPO NOVA LONDRES, 2021). Methodologically, this work is a qualitative research of the bibliographic type with a proposal to solve a problem. As a result, a didactic proposal is presented about the book Murder in the Orient Express, by Agatha Christie. It is concluded that the booktube can be a valuable tool for the development of literary literacy, besides contributing significantly to the formation of readers.O presente trabalho apresenta como tema o letramento literário e a formação de leitores no Ensino Médio, focalizando a relação entre o booktube e a leitura, sobretudo no que tange ao potencial desse como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento do letramento literário de educandos desse segmento escolar. Os problemas que motivaram este estudo foram a falta de gosto e prazer pela leitura literária de muitos estudantes do Ensino Médio; a abordagem, por vezes infrutífera, do ensino tradicional de literatura, que se pauta primordialmente na historiografia literária e na leitura canônica; e a necessidade de se incorporar o digital às práticas de leitura escolares. Este estudo objetiva oferecer subsídios, na forma de uma proposta didática, a fim de que o professor de Língua Portuguesa e/ou Literatura possa utilizar o booktube como uma ferramenta para o letramento literário e a formação de leitores no Ensino Médio. Teoricamente, a pesquisa baseou-se na concepção bakhtiniana de linguagem e gênero discursivo (BAKHTIN, 2011) e nos conceitos de letramento e multiletramentos (GRUPO NOVA LONDRES, 2021). Metodologicamente, este trabalho trata de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo do tipo bibliográfico com proposta de resolução de um problema. Como resultado, apresenta-se uma proposta didática sobre a obra Assassinato no Expresso do Oriente, de Agatha Christie. Conclui-se que o booktube pode ser um instrumento valioso para o desenvolvimento do letramento literário, além de contribuir significativamente para a formação de leitores