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Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment
No full textOver the past few decades, environmental applications of the
boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode are reported to be vast
and versatile. Applications of BDD electrodes in the field of
electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for the
abatement of toxic persistent organic pollutants are significant,
owing to the easy and effective way of treatment. This article
focuses on highlighting and summarizing the applications of
the BDD electrode for the treatment of different synthetic and
real wastewaters, such as those involved in pharmaceuticals
and personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, dyes, etc. We
also review the processes and methodologies involving the
synthesis of BDD electrodes and summarize the desirable
characteristic features required for the application of EAOPs.
Applications of BDD electrodes for the treatment of wastewater
through different EAOPs, including anodic oxidation, electroFenton, coupling processes such as electro-Fenton pyrite,
bioelectro-Fenton, and their recent advancements are also
discussed in detail. It envisages the greater potential for
complete treatment of different toxic wastewater effluents. This
Review shows that the application of BDD electrodes in the
field of wastewater treatment is tremendous and proves to be a
promising material for future perspectives
Chloride ion: A promising hole scavenger for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
No full textThe investigation pertains to elucidation of promising role of in-situ chloride ions generated
during the photoreduction of HAuCl4 as an internal sacrificial donor for photocatalytic
hydrogen generation. The hydrogen evolution rate (HER) observed was 4.16 mmol h�1 using
in-situ route of photocatalyst formation which is significantly higher than the conventional
route of formation of recovered photocatalyst. This unreported and unprecedented
enhancement is explained on the basis of role of chloride ions released from the gold
precursor. Experimental data inferring the effect of chloride ions on photocatalytic
hydrogen generation using AueTiO2 are also briefly explained. The role of anionic sacrificial
donors suggests several potential possibilities for their applications in photocatalysis
considering their presence in wastewater as well as their low cost and abundant availability.
The work also introduces one-step photodeposition and hydrogen generation
process against traditional recovered photocatalyst, wherein the catalysts were prepared
first by normal route of photodeposition, recovered and then employed for hydrogen
generation
Root transcripts associated with arsenic accumulation in hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata
No full textHyperaccumulation of arsenic (As) by brake fern Pteris vittata has been described as an important genetic trait that provides
an option for development of a sustainable phytoremediation process for As mitigation. Accumulation of very high
concentration of arsenic in above-ground tissues may be the result of arsenic vacuole compartmentalization, but the
mechanism(s) of arsenic uptake and transport by underground tissues are largely unknown. In this study, we made an
attempt towards understanding the molecular mechanism of As hyperaccumulation in this plant. A time-dependent As
accumulation study indicates an exponential accumulation of As from 7 to 30 days of arsenic exposure in fronds, and day
3–7 in roots. Root transcriptome analysis identified 554,973 transcripts. Further, subsets of 824 transcripts were differentially
expressed between treated and control samples. Many of the genes of critical As-stress response, transcription
factors and metal transporters, biosynthesis of chelating compounds involved in uptake and accumulation mechanisms were
identified. The genes that were highly expressed such as cysteine-rich RLK, and ABC transporter G family member 26
needs further studies along with arsenite transmembrane transporter. The analysis of generated transcriptome dataset has
provided valuable information and platform for further functional studies
Arsenic in groundwater ofWest Bengal, India: A review of human health risks and assessment of possible intervention options
No full textThis paper reviews howactive research inWest Bengal has unmasked the endemic arsenismthat has detrimental
effects on the health of millions of people and their offspring. It documents howthe pathways of exposure to this
toxin/poison have been greatly expanded through intensive application of groundwater in agriculture in the regionwithin
the Green Revolution framework. A goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the similarities and
differences in arsenic occurrence in West Bengal with those of other parts of the world and assess the unique
socio-cultural factors that determine the risks of exposure to arsenic in local groundwater. Successful intervention
options are also critically reviewedwithemphasis on integrative strategies that ensure safewater to the population,
proper nutrition, and effective ways to reduce the transfer of arsenic from soil to crops. While no
universal model may be suited for the vast areas of the world affected with by natural contamination of groundwater
with arsenic, we have emphasized community-specific sustainable options that can be adapted. Disseminating
scientifically correct information among the population coupled with increased community level
participation and education are recognized as necessary adjuncts for an engineering intervention to be successful
and sustainable
Annotation and De Novo Sequence Characterization of Extracellular b-Fructofuranosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum Strain HKF42
No full textThe genome of a fungal strain Penicillium
chrysogenum strain HKF42, which can grow on 20%
sucrose has been annotated for 7595 protein coding
sequences. On mining of CAZymes, we could annotate a bfructofuranosidase
gene responsible for fructo-oligosaccharides
(FOS) synthesis which is a known prebiotic. The
enzyme activity was demonstrated and validated with the
generation of FOS as kestose and nystose
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of airlift bioreactor: effect of draft tube configurations on hydrodynamics, cell suspension, and shear rate
No full textThe biomass productivity of microalgae cells
mainly depends on the hydrodynamics of airlift bioreactor
(ABR). Thus, the hydrodynamics of concentric tube ABR
was initially studied using two-phase three-dimensional
CFD simulations with the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach.
The performance of ABR (17 L) was examined for different
configurations of the draft tube using various drag
models such as Grace, Ishii–Zuber, and Schiller–Naumann.
The gas holdups in the riser and the downcomer were well
predicted using E–L approach. This work was further
extended to study the dispersion of microalgae cells in the
ABR using three-phase CFD simulations. In this model
(combined E–E and E–L), the solid phase (microalgae
cells) was dispersed into the continuous liquid phase (water),
while the gas phase (air bubbles) was modeled as a
particle transport fluid. The effect of non-drag forces such
as virtual mass and lift forces was also considered. Flow
regimes were explained on the basis of the relative gas
holdup distribution in the riser and the downcomer. The
microalgae cells were found in suspension for the superficial
gas velocities of 0.02–0.04 m s-1 experiencing an
average shear of 23.52–44.56 s-1 which is far below the
critical limit of cell damage
CARBON NANO PARTICLES: A POTENTIAL PLASMONIC MATERIAL FOR WATER DISINFECTION
No full textIn last two decades nanotechnology is emerged as a potential solution for various energy and environment challenges. Nowadays, nano materials based on polymer, inorganic materials, bio-materials extensively used for the detection and removal chemical and biological substances. The presence of hazardous pollutants and germs in water can also be effectively treated by using nanomaterials. The goal of this study was to synthesize carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) based on the waste materials which provides promising heating efficiency required for solar disinfection. Total 12 number of materials were prepared by using precursor of different agricultural and household wastes. All synthesized materials were evaluated for water heating efficiency in natural sunlight. The highest water heating efficiency was achieved with the CNPs prepared from the precursor of P-1 vegetable wastes. This promising material was also studied for the water disinfection application which accomplishes zero E-coli (6 log reduction) within span of 90 minutes
A Green Process for Starch Oleate Synthesis by Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455 Lipase and Its Potential as an Emulsifying Agent
Full text linkStarch oleate is synthesized in an aqueous medium using lipase from the
yeast Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455. The optimum conditions of esterification
are found at 24 h and 30 �C with an oleic acid/starch molar ratio of 1:2 using
500U of lipase and the degree of substitution was 0.26. Spectral techniques
confirm the presence of oleate group in the modified potato starch. Scanning
electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies also reveal the morphological
and crystallographic properties of starch which are disrupted during the
esterification process. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates the decrease in
thermal stability of starch oleate due to the transformed structure of starch
from semi crystalline to an amorphous form. The synthesized starch oleate
could impart 85% stability to emulsions and has potential as an emulsifier in
food sector owing to its eco-friendly preparation
Passive solar still: recent advancements in design and related performance
No full textThis review paper mainly focuses on different types of solar still and highlights the passive solar still.
It considers advanced modifications in the design and development of materials, single- and multieffect
solar stills with augmentation of different materials, energy-absorbing insulators, and
mechanisms of heat and mass transfer to improve the loss of heat and enhance the productivity
of solar stills. The cost–benefit analysis along with the progressive advancement of solar stills is
the major contribution of this review. To increase the output of a solar still, the application of
advanced modifications is a promising tool, and it is anticipated that more improvements will
shortly be added in this area with significant modifications in the design of solar stills
An Approach to In Silico Dissection of Bacterial Intelligence Through Selective Genomic Tools
No full textAll the genetic potential and the intelligence a
bacteria can showcase in a given environment are embedded
in its genome. In this study, we have presented systematic
guidelines to understand a bacterial genome with
the relevant set of in silico tools using a novel bacteria as
an example. This study presents a multi-dimensional
approach from genome annotation to tracing genes and
their network of metabolism operating in an organism. It
also shows how the sequence can be used to mine the
enzymes and construction of its 3-dimensional structure so
that its functional behavior can be predicted and compared.
The discriminating algorithm allows analysis of the promoter
region and provides the insight in the regulation of
genes in spite of the similarity in its sequences. The ecological
niche specific bacterial behavior and adapted
altered physiology can be understood through the presence
of secondary metabolite, antibiotic resistance genes, and
viral genes; and it helps in the valorization of genetic
information for developing new biological application/
processes. This study provides an in silico work plan and
necessary steps for genome analysis of novel bacteria
without any rigorous wet lab experiments