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Towards a single brick solution for the abatement of NOx and soot from diesel engine exhausts
No full textNano-structured perovskite-type lanthanum ferrites La1 � xAxFe1 � yByO3 (where A = Na, K, Rb and B = Cu), prepared by the solution
combustion synthesis (SCS) method and characterized by BET, XRD, FESEM, AAS and catalytic activity tests in microreactors as well as on an
engine bench, proved to be effective in the simultaneous removal of soot and NO, the two prevalent pollutants in diesel exhaust gases in the
temperature range 350–450 8C. The best compromise between soot and nitrogen oxide abatement was shown by the La-K-Cu-FeO3 catalyst which
displayed the highest catalytic activity towards carbon combustion and the highest NO conversion activity
Chemical hydrides: A solution to high capacity hydrogen storage and supply
No full textCycloalkanes are good candidate media for hydrogen storage (6.5 wt% and 60.62 kg H2/m3). A novel approach for the supply of hydrogen, through liquid organic hydrides (LOH) using catalytic reaction pair of dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes and hydrogenation of corresponding aromatics is a useful process for supply of hydrogen. Hydrogenation of aromatics is relatively well-established process. However, the efforts are needed to develop efficient catalyst for dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes. In this paper we review the dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes as useful reaction for storage of hydrogen in chemical hydrides.
Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Liquid organic hydrides; Delivery to fuelling station; Cycloalkane
Biodiversity and dye decolourization ability of an acclimatized textile sludge.
No full textIn the present study, sludge sample from biological treatment plant of a textile industry was acclimatized for decolourization of azo dye Direct Black 38 (DB38). A continuous culture experiment showed that the acclimatized sludge could decolourize 76% of 100mg/l DB38. Bacterial community in the sludge was analyzed using culture-independent molecular approach to get the complete picture of its diversity. RFLP analysis of its 16S rRNA gene library divided the clones into 14 distinct groups. Phylogenetic analysis of these groups showed that they belonged to five different bacterial lineages: beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria (3 and 4 respectively), Bacteroidetes (2), Firmicutes (4) and Actinobacteria (1). The largest number of clones was found to cluster in the gamma-Proteobacteria (54%), followed by Firmicutes (19%), beta-Proteobacteria (14%), Bacteroidetes (10%) and Actinobacteria (3%)
Assessment of Groundwater Quality with Respect to Fluoride
No full textThe study was conducted in the summer season
(April–May 2007). The fluoride concentration along with
physico-chemical parameters in ground water samples was
determined in various villages of Kadi tehsil at Mehsana
district of Gujarat state (India), since in most of the villages it is the only source of drinking water. The fluoride concentrations in these villages varied from 0.94 to 2.81 mg/L (1.37 ± 0.56) with highest fluoride level at Visalpur (2.08 mg/L) and lowest at Adaraj (0.91 mg/L). There was found a positive correlation of pH with fluoride and a
negative relationship of fluoride with bicarbonate which is
generally observed in deep ground water
Nitric Oxide Reduction Using Hydrogen Over Perovskite Catalysts with Promotional Effect of Platinum on Catalytic Activity
No full textThe catalytic activities of strontium substituted
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 type perovskite catalysts for NO reduction
using H2 as reducing agent has been studied, which is further
improved by incorporation of Pt outside (0.1 wt.%Pt/
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and inside (La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.97Pt0.03O3) the
perovskite lattice structure. Pt shows excellent enhancement
in catalytic selectivity towards N2 when supported on
the perovskite. The catalysts were characterized using
thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific
surface area. Catalysts evaluations were carried out using
thermo-gravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectra
(TG-MS)
Chemical Composition of Major Ions in Rainwater
No full textThe present study investigated the chemical
composition of rainwater at Kabir nagar, Nari, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India. The rainwater samples were collected
on event basis during June–July–August-2006 and were
analyzed for pH, major anions Cl, NO3, SO4) and cations
(Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4). The pH value varied from 6.0 to 7.3
(avg. 6.3 ± 0.3) indicating alkaline nature of rainwater.
The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference
pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the monsoon
season. The average and standard deviation of ionic composition
was found to be 98.1 ± 10.6 leql-1. The total
anions contribute 45.1% and cations 54.9%, respectively to
rainwater. Neutralization factors (NF) followed a sequence
of NFCa[NFMg[NFNH4 with factors of 1.1, 0.38 and
0.15 indicating the crustal components are responsible for
neutralization of anions. The average ratio of (NO3 + Cl)/
SO4 observed as 1.1 indicates that nitric and hydrochloric
acid influences the acidity of rainwater. The ratio of NH4/
NO3 and NH4/SO4 was observed as 0.68 and 0.34 indicate
that the possible compounds which may predominate in the
atmosphere are NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. Ionic correlation
was established to identify sources of origin. A good correlation
was seen between Ca and Mg (r = 0.95);
suggesting the common occurrence of these ions from
crustal origin. Similarly, the acidic ions SO4 and NO3
correlated well (r = 0.60) indicating their origin from
similar sources. Other relatively significant correlations
were observed between Ca and SO4 (r = 0.92), Mg and
SO4 (r = 0.83), Ca and NO3 (r = 0.09), Ca and Cl
(r = 0.34) and Mg and Cl (r = 0.31), and Mg and NO3
(r = 0.71). The observed rainwater ratio of Cl/Na (1.1) is
closer to that of seawater ratio (1.16) indicates fractionation
of sea-salt and modifications by non-marine
constituents as the site is 834 km away from the sea coast.
The nss-Ca contribution was observed as 95.7% suggesting
their crustal origin whereas nss-Mg and nss-K shows their
contribution as 87.9% and 83.2% indicating influence of
soil sources. The nss-SO4 contributed as 87.4% shows
anthropogenic origin
Chemical Composition of Major Ions in Rainwater
No full textThe present study investigated the chemical
composition of rainwater at Kabir nagar, Nari, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India. The rainwater samples were collected
on event basis during June–July–August-2006 and were
analyzed for pH, major anions Cl, NO3, SO4) and cations
(Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4). The pH value varied from 6.0 to 7.3
(avg. 6.3 ± 0.3) indicating alkaline nature of rainwater.
The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference
pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the monsoon
season. The average and standard deviation of ionic composition
was found to be 98.1 ± 10.6 leql-1. The total
anions contribute 45.1% and cations 54.9%, respectively to
rainwater. Neutralization factors (NF) followed a sequence
of NFCa[NFMg[NFNH4 with factors of 1.1, 0.38 and
0.15 indicating the crustal components are responsible for
neutralization of anions. The average ratio of (NO3 + Cl)/
SO4 observed as 1.1 indicates that nitric and hydrochloric
acid influences the acidity of rainwater. The ratio of NH4/
NO3 and NH4/SO4 was observed as 0.68 and 0.34 indicate
that the possible compounds which may predominate in the
atmosphere are NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. Ionic correlation
was established to identify sources of origin. A good correlation
was seen between Ca and Mg (r = 0.95);
suggesting the common occurrence of these ions from
crustal origin. Similarly, the acidic ions SO4 and NO3
correlated well (r = 0.60) indicating their origin from
similar sources. Other relatively significant correlations
were observed between Ca and SO4 (r = 0.92), Mg and
SO4 (r = 0.83), Ca and NO3 (r = 0.09), Ca and Cl
(r = 0.34) and Mg and Cl (r = 0.31), and Mg and NO3
(r = 0.71). The observed rainwater ratio of Cl/Na (1.1) is
closer to that of seawater ratio (1.16) indicates fractionation
of sea-salt and modifications by non-marine
constituents as the site is 834 km away from the sea coast.
The nss-Ca contribution was observed as 95.7% suggesting
their crustal origin whereas nss-Mg and nss-K shows their
contribution as 87.9% and 83.2% indicating influence of
soil sources. The nss-SO4 contributed as 87.4% shows
anthropogenic origin
External user in an environmental research library
Get PDFThe present study on external users of National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Library is based on the analysis of registration forms of external users during 2007. It covers aspect such as under affiliation, level of users, subject areas and micro subjects sought for information by academic users and geographical distribution of the users. Implications of external library users for library management are discussed
Co3O4–CeO2 mixed oxide-based catalytic materials for diesel soot oxidation
No full textCo3O4–CeO2 type mixed oxide catalyst compositions have been prepared by using co-precipitation method and, their catalytic activity towards
diesel particulate matter (PM)/carbon oxidation has been evaluated under both loose and tight contact conditions. These catalysts show excellent
catalytic activity for PM/carbon oxidation, despite their low surface area. The activation energy observed for non-catalyzed and catalyzed reactions
are 163 kJ/mol and 140 kJ/mol, respectively, which also confirm the catalytic activity of catalyst for carbon/soot oxidation. The promotional effects
of an optimum amount of cobalt oxide incorporation in ceria and presence of a small amount of potassium appears to be responsible for the
excellent soot oxidation activity of this mixed oxide type material. The catalytic materials show good thermal stability, while their low cost will also
add to their potential for practical applications
Chemical hydrides:Asolution to high capacity hydrogen storage and supply
No full textCycloalkanes are good candidate media for hydrogen storage (6.5 wt% and 60.62 kgH2/m3). A novel approach for the supply of hydrogen,
through liquid organic hydrides (LOH) using catalytic reaction pair of dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes and hydrogenation of corresponding
aromatics is a useful process for supply of hydrogen. Hydrogenation of aromatics is relatively well-established process. However, the efforts
are needed to develop efficient catalyst for dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes. In this paper we review the dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes as
useful reaction for storage of hydrogen in chemical hydride