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Flow characterization of river to locate bacteriophage isolation sites
No full textThe objective of this book is to validate the experimental work conducted for the characterization of flow by considering environmental aspects. The focus of this book is to characterize flow dynamics of natural river basin to locate potentially diverse bacteriophage isolation sites. Bacteriophage, also called phage, or bacterial virus, any of a group of viruses that infect bacteria. To understand and evaluate the dynamic effects of flow on phage, a comprehensive work has been carried out and adapted for time-resolved testing of the effects of variation in flow rate on phage diversity and concentration. The relationship between flow regime and ecological integrity also provide some interesting findings for specific water quality analyses during flow conditions. These findings would help to understand the correlation between flow characteristics and phage concentration at selected sampling stations of Nag River (a natural river channel at Nagpur, Maharashtra, India) which would be helpful in locating potentially diverse phage isolation sites
Equilibrium Adsorption Studies of CO2, CH4 and N2 on Amine Functionalized Polystyrene
No full textAdsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 has been investigated using amine functionalized polymeric
resins having diethanolamine, imidazole, dimethylamine and N-methyl piperazine covalently
attached to the styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer (PS) matrix. The equilibrium adsorption of
CO2, CH4 and N2 was examined on these functionalized polymers at pressures from atmospheric
to 40 atm for CO2 and N2 while up to 10 atm for CH4 at 303K. PS-Imidazole showed the highest
adsorption capacity for CO2 as compared to other functionalized polymers. No significant uptake
of CH4 and N2 was observed at low pressures by any of the functionalized polymers. The
adsorption isotherms were analyzed using dual mode sorption model and Ideal Adsorbed
Solution Theory (IAST)
Frequency and genotype distribution of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms among Maharashtrian population of Central India
No full text1. Apart from conferring multidrug resistance to cancer cells, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by
the gene ABCB1 (also, known as Multidrug resistance gene, MDR1), plays a major role in drug
disposition. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABCB1 gene might contribute to
inter-individual and ethnic differences in drug disposition and thereby, could influence the
outcome and prognosis of certain diseases.
2. India is one of the most ethnically and genetically diverse regions of the world. This study
was undertaken with a view to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of C3435T
and C1236T polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene among the Maharshtrian population,
residing in the Vidarbha region of central India and compare them with HapMap and other
Indian populations. The common synonymous C3435T polymorphism has been found to be
associated with lower P-gp functional expression and drug uptake, alone or in conjunction
with a few other linked SNPs like C1236T.
3. The genotypes of C3435T and C1236T SNPs were determined by PCR-RFLP in 222 healthy
and unrelated Maharashtrian individuals.
4. According to the findings of this study, the Maharashtrians were found to be not
significantly different from the Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas in the HapMap database
High NO oxidation catalytic activity on non-noble metalbased cobalt-ceria catalyst for diesel soot oxidation
No full textIn this study, we have explored commercial ceria, commercial cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and a laboratorysynthesized nano-ceria supported cobalt oxide (Co3O4) for catalytic NO oxidation, which is an importantreaction for soot oxidation in diesel particulate filters (DPF), used for vehicle exhaust emissions control.Ceria supported cobalt oxide has been synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method, and showshigh catalytic activity for NO oxidation at moderate temperature. The catalytic activity is even comparableto reported noble metal based NO oxidation catalysts, and could be mainly due to the high dispersion ofCo3O4nanoparticles on ceria support with enhanced catalyst support interaction. This has also resultedin improved redox properties of Co3O4-ceria catalyst
Enrichment, isolation and Phylogenic identification of Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbon degrading rhizobacteria from grasses growing at hydrocarbon contaminated site in Cameroon and Phenanthrene Biodegradation potential
Get PDFA study was undertaken aimed at isolating indigenous rhizobacteria strains capable of utilizing petroleum
hydrocarbons as energy source. Three bacteria strains capable of growing on a mixture of Phenanthrene,
Napthalene and Anthren were isolated from vegetated aged oil contaminated rhizopheric soil by enrichment in liquid medium, screened and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The phenanthrene degradation potential of
the three bacteria viz. P. aeruginosa strain N72, P. aeruginosa clone A11 and Pantoea agglomerans was evaluated in a specific medium in the presence and absence of glucose using GC-FID. On comparison it was found that, P. aeruginosa clone A11 showed higher phenanthrene degradation (85 %) in the presence of glucose
within 15 days, while P. aeruginosa strain N72 showed highest degradation (70 %), in the absence of glucose.
Unlike the 1st day samples, FTIR-analysis of the samples collected on 15th day revealed absorption bands between 3500-3000cm-1 characteristic of alcohol and acidic groups produced during phenanthrene degradation.
The isolates were assayed for biosurfactant production by oil displacement and emulsification activity using diesel oil in a liquid broth and confirmed by hallow formation on CTAB-methylene blue agar medium supplemented with phenanthrene. The phenanthrene degradation properties of the isolates based on these observations are discussed in this paper
Arid ecosystem: future option for carbon sinks using microbial community intelligence
Get PDFDesert, comprising one-third of the Earth’s surface, was a synonym for ‘no life’ as it supports very
less or no life due to nutritional stress and extreme weather. Microbial autotrophic biochemistry is
the principal source of carbon in arid environment, but understanding of these processes in arid
ecosystem is limited. Emerging molecular tools have identified associations of phototrophic and
chemolithoautotrophic communities often termed as ‘biological soil crust’ or ‘microbiotic crust’.
They are the sole sources of carbon and nitrogen, collectively providing soil stability to support
vegetation. Here the curiosity arises, whether this phenomenon could be exploited in deserts for
carbon sink using microbial community intelligence. By following the precipitation event under
regulated nutrient supply that promotes the soil microbial intelligence for autotrophy would enrich
soil carbon and nitrogen which in turn support plant growth in desert. Additionally, bioaugmentation
of rhizobacteria could enhance the process. This will enable us to refine and formulate our
strategies to exploit CO2-fixing microorganisms in such niches vis-à-vis supporting the carbon sink
using microbial community intelligence
A Mechanical Automatic Urinal-Toilet Flusher and its Mechanism thereof.
No full textThe present invention relates to a specially designed mechanical automatic urinal-toilet flusher and a mechanism thereof, which
utilizes the weight load/pressure of the person using the urinal-toilet for automatic flushing the urinal- toilet with the specified or measured quantity of water to prevent odors, soil drain and scale buildup. It comprises of a specially designed Temporary Water
Reservoir and Dual-Valve, the tension spring keeps the inlet valve in the closed position in the normal condition, while the outlet
valve is in the open position. The motion of both the Dual-Valves is in synchronization with each other, i.e. when one valve closes
the other opens and vice-versa. The spring fitted mechanical platform is connected to the Dual-Valve assembly via a cable and a
tension spring. The Temporary water reservoir holds and releases the specific or measured quantity of water operated by the
spring fitted mechanical platform. It ensures the compulsory, regular and un-intentional flushing of the urinal-toilet without any
direct hand contact of the user to the flush and also conserve water at the same time is simple and cheap, which can be fittedretrofitted
to new as well as existing water pipe line of the urinal-toilet
Atmospheric concentration and fluxes of trace elements in Visakhapatnam City of India
No full textAirborne PM10 samples were collected during winter and summer at three different sites in a coastal city, Visakhapatnam, India. Average individual trace element concentrations fluctuated between 19 ng m–3 (Cd) and 4,802 ng m–3 (Zn). Average trace element concentrations for winter were observed higher than those of summer. Dry deposition flux was estimated using metal concentration in ambient air and their settling velocity published in literature. Mean dry deposition flux ranged between 4.0 μg m–2 d–1 to 1,343 μg m–2 d–1. Yearly loading of trace elements to Visakhapatnam ranged from 0.40 Mg yr–1 to 130 Mg yr–1. The result of enrichment factors indicated that crustal elements such as Fe, Al, Mn and Cr were originated from the soil dust while Cd, Zn and Pb had significant anthropogenic sources. Factor analysis results suggest that Al, Mn and Fe were predominantly of crustal origin, whereas Cd, Cr, Zn and Pb had important non-crustal sources
Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable root-associated bacteria from Origanum vulgare in sub-Himalayan region.
No full textStudy of rhizospheric bacteria from important plants is very essential, as they are known to influence plant growth and productivity, and also produce industrially important metabolites. Origanum vulgare is a perennial medicinal aromatic plant rich in phenolic antioxidants. Present study investigates the diversity of culturable root-associated bacteria from this plant in Palampur, India, which constitutes a unique ecosystem due to high rain fall, wide temperature fluctuations and acidic soil. Both root endophytes and rhizospheric soil bacteria were isolated, which resulted in a total of 120 morphologically different isolates. They were found to group into 21 phylotypes based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Growth medium composition had significant effect on the diversity of the isolated bacterial populations. The isolates were characterized for various metabolic, plant growth promoting (PGP) and other biotechnologically useful activities, based on which they were clustered into groups by principal component analysis. Majority of the isolates belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were the most dominant species and together constituted 27.5 % of the total isolates. Many isolates, especially γ-Proteobacteria, showed very high PGP activities. Few isolates exhibited very high antioxidant activity, which may find potential applications in food and health industries. Firmicutes were catabolically the most versatile group and produced several hydrolytic enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study describing rhizospheric microbial community of O. vulgare
Emissions of greenhouse and non-greenhouse air pollutants from fuel combustion in restaurant industry
No full textInformation on emissions from restaurant industry is limited in scientific literature. Emission inventory of greenhouse and non-greenhouse air pollutants from restaurant industry was prepared for two Class 1 Indian cities, viz. Nagpur and Raipur for 2010. Emissions were estimated from a primary database on type and amount of cooking fuel combusted in restaurant industry in the selected cities. Liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal, wood, coal, diesel and candy coal are used in this industry, first three being the major ones. Carbon dioxide emission was highest in both cities and liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood were the major contributors to emissions. Total annual emissions of greenhouse gases, viz. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide were estimated to be 19,251, 27 and 1 Mg year−1 in Nagpur and 21,207, 34 and 1 Mg year−1 in Raipur, whereas total annual emissions of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), carbon monoxide, total suspended particulate (TSP), sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and black carbon (BC) were 96, 959, 31, 12, 19, 3 Mg year−1 and 87, 1141, 78, 37, 28, 6 Mg year−1 in Nagpur and Raipur, respectively, from all the fuels used in restaurant industry. Considering the huge growth of Indian restaurant industry in the last decade and the predicted growth in future, emissions from this industry is assumed to grow and will play a major role in governing regional and national emissions in India