IR@NEERI (CSIR)
Not a member yet
785 research outputs found
Sort by
MECHANICAL AUTOMATIC URINAL TOILET FLUSHER
Get PDFThis invention relates to a system for facilitating an automatic urinal toilet flushing comprising: a pipe (P) having an intermediate enlarged in- ner diameter area, said pipe comprising: first portion P I having a first diameter d1; second portion P2 having a second diameter d2; a third portion P3 having a third diameter d3; wherein the first, the second and the third portions are se- quential and the diameter d2 is greater than diameter d1 and diameter d3; a tapered forth portion P4 connecting the first portion P I to the second portion P2; and a tapered fifth portion PS connecting the second portion P2 to the third portion P3; a valve mechanism located within the pipe (P), the said valve mechanism comprising an inlet dual valve (I), an outlet dual valve (2) and a connecting rod connecting the inlet dual valve (I) and outlet dual valve (2); and an actuating mechanism that gets automatically actuated and upon actu- ation, operates the valve mechanism to perform a flushing operatio
A NOVEL BIO-WASTE INCORPORATED ALGINATE SORBENT FOR DE-FLUORIDATION OF WATER
Get PDFThis study evaluates the feasibility of using tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed powder for de-fluoridation of fluoride contaminated water. Batch study confirmed that tamarind seeds in dry powder form could remove 87% of fluoride from water. This bio-sorbent can be used effectively in areas where fluoride concentrations are above the permissible limits of 1.5 mg-l-1 as per WHO Standard, 1984. Tamarind seed powder was incorporated in a matrix of sodium alginate and made into gel-beads. The beads were tested for de-fluoridation efficiency by conducting column studies. The effect of various factors, such as flow rate, retention time, and the number of runs on the efficacy of fluoride removal was also studied. The results revealed that flow rate did not seem to have much effect on the percentage fluoride removal but the fluoride concentration decreased drastically upon greater retention time and multiple run
An integrated genomic and proteomic approach to identify signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
No full textPresent study reports the identi fication of genomic and proteomic signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). HepG2 cells were exposed to sublethal concentration (15 μM) of endosulfan for
24 h. DNA microarray and MALDI –TOF–MS analyses revealed that endosulfan induced signi ficant alterations in
the expression level of genes and proteins involved in multiple cellular pathways (apoptosis, transcription, immune/in flammatory response, carbohydrate metabolism, etc.). Furthermore, downregulation of PHLDA gene,
upregulation of ACIN1 protein and caspase-3 activation in exposed cells indicated that endosulfan can trigger apoptotic cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In total 135 transcripts and 19 proteins were differentially
expressed. This study presents an integrated approach to identify the alteration of biological/cellular pathways
in HepG2 cells upon endosulfan exposur
Novel application of bacteriophage for controlling foaming in wastewater treatment plant- an eco-friendly approach.
No full textThis addendum to “Novel application of bacteriophage for controlling foaming in wastewater
treatment plant- an eco-friendly approach “ includes characteristics of the phages NOC1, NOC2 and
NOC3 not discussed in the previous paper. The phage adsorption and host interaction properties,
their sensitivity to pH and temperature are inferred. NOC2 is seen to be more temperature resistant
while others are not. All the phages show pH sensitivity. There is a variance observed in the
behavior of these phages. Also, applicability of the phage based system to large scale reactors is
studied and discussed here
Implications of Nanotechnology on Plant Productivity and Its Rhizospheric Environment
No full textNanotechnology requires the ability to understand the materials and precisely manipulate it to nanoscale in a useful way. Nanotechnology emerged as a new broad science of diverse fields such as basic sciences, materials science, and engineering to assemble at the nanoscale. In contrast to conventional or other contaminants, nanoparticles are posing some new environmental challenges for scientists and environmentalists worldwide. Being a new area of science, nanotechnology
will leave no field untouched including agriculture and allied sectors. So far, the use of nanotechnology in agriculture has been mostly theoretical, but it has begun to have a significant effect in the main areas of agrochemical industry. Nanoparticles finding great potential as delivery systems to specific targets in living organisms and is being used in medical sciences. In plants, the same principles can be applied for a broad range of uses, particularly to tackle phytopathological
infections, nutrition supplement and as growth adjuvant. Nanoparticles can be tagged to agrochemicals or other substances as delivery agent to plant system and tissues for controlled release of chemicals. Doing so, the negative effects of nanomaterials on plant productivity and soil microbes and environment must not be overlooked, such as toxicity generated by free radicals leading to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Key focus of the chapter particularly relates the use of nanoparticles
on agricultural crops and its toxic implications to plants and microbes naturally present in soil and generation of nanowaste in agroecosystem
Dynamics of effluent treatment plant during commissioning of activated sludge process unit
No full textIndustrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs) are very
important in protecting the environment and different life
forms from harmful industrial waste. Hence, the efficiency
of ETPs must be regularly monitored, particularly after major repair or replacement work. Present study evaluated the performance of an ETP over a period of 4 months, during which aeration tank (T1) of the activated sludge unit was replaced with a new one (T2). System had to be maintained operational during this transition, which warranted close monitoring of the system performance due to the daily load of hazardous industrial wastewater. Analysis showed that the raw wastewater was highly variable in composition and contained many hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants, such as heavy metals,bisphenol A and cyanoacetylurea. It showed significant toxicity against HepG2 cells in vitro. However, the ETP was found to successfully treat and detoxify the wastewater.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed large temporal fluctuations in the ETP microbial community, which is consistent with the variable composition of wastewater. It indicated that functional stability of the ETP was not associated with stability of the microbial community,
probably due to high microbial biodiversity and consequently
high functional redundancy. In conclusion, the CETP showed
consistent level of detoxification and microbial community
dynamics after switching to T2, indicating successful development,acclimatization and commissioning of T2
Recycling and treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater using Scenedesmus quadricuada
Get PDFGlobally, herbal pharmaceutical industries are among
the leading pharmaceutical industries. They generate
large volume of wastewater during processing and
production, which is highly biodegradable in nature
and cannot be discharged into environment as such.
Hence efforts are being made to evaluate the toxicity
of herbal pharmaceutical effluents using green algae
Scenedesmus quadricauda. Physico-chemically treated
effluents (PCTEs) as well as biologically treated effluents
(BTEs) were observed after the application of
S. quadricauda. Also, S. quadricauda showed higher
growth rate after the addition of PCTE and BTE. The
highest yield of algae was observed in BTE up to 15
days of incubation by synthesis of chlorophyll and cell
metabolites, even with 10–100% dilution of effluents.
The present study also discusses the evaluation of biotoxicity
and recycling on herbal pharmaceutical
wastewater along with heavy metal remova
Investigation of Immune Biomarkers Using Subcutaneous Model of M. tuberculosis Infection in BALB/c Mice: A Preliminary Report
Get PDFEvaluation and screening of vaccines against tuberculosis
depends on development of proper cost effective disease
models along with identification of different immune markers
that can be used as surrogate endpoints of protection in preclinical
and clinical studies. The objective of the present
study was therefore evaluation of subcutaneous model of
M.tuberculosis infection along with investigation of different
immune biomarkers of tuberculosis infection in BALB/c
mice. Groups of mice were infected subcutaneously with two
different doses : high (2×106
CFU) and low doses (2×102
CFU) of M.tuberculosis and immune markers including humoral
and cellular markers were evaluated 30 days post
M.tuberculosis infections. Based on results, we found that
high dose of subcutaneous infection produced chronic disease
with significant (p<0.001) production of immune markers
of infection like IFNγ, heat shock antigens (65, 71) and
antibody titres against panel of M.tuberculosis antigens
(ESAT-6, CFP-10, Ag85B, 45kDa, GroES, Hsp-16) all of
which correlated with high bacterial burden in lungs and
spleen. To conclude high dose of subcutaneous infection produces
chronic TB infection in mice and can be used as convenient
alternative to aerosol models in resource limited
settings. Moreover assessment of immune markers namely
mycobacterial antigens and antibodies can provide us valuable
insights on modulation of immune response post
infection. However further investigations along with optimization
of study protocols are needed to justify the outcome
of present study and establish such markers as surrogate
endpoints of vaccine protection in preclinical and clinical
studies in futur
Ozone Induced Biodegradability Enhancement and Colour Reduction of a Complex Pharmaceutical Effluent
No full textThe treatment of a complex pharmaceutical effluent
using a combination of ozonation and biological treatment
is reported with the use of ozonation as a preand
posttreatment. Pretreatment facilitated biodegradability
index (BI = BOD/COD) enhancement of up to 0.44 along
with COD and color reduction of up to 42% and 33%,
respectively. Subsequent anaerobic biodegradation of effluent
indicated negligible biogas generation; however, aerobic
biodegradation of pretreated effluent resulted in COD reduction
(73%) and color reduction (62%), which was also indicated
by the biokinetic parameters. Further, ozonation as a
posttreatment led to higher overall COD (87%) and color
(93%) removal