IR@NEERI (CSIR)
Not a member yet
785 research outputs found
Sort by
Microbe assisted phytoremediation of oil sludge and role of amendments: a mesocosm study
No full textA mesocosm study was evaluated to elucidate
the influence of amendments such as microbial consortium,
plant (Vetiveria zizanioides), bulking agent (wheat husk)
and nutrients on remediation of oil sludge over a period of
90 days. The experiment was conducted in a 15 m2 plot
which was divided into eight units comprising of soil
sludge mixture (1:1) at CSIR-NEERI premises. During the
experiment, oil degradation was estimated gravimetrically
and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified on
GC–MS. Additionally, dehydrogenase activity was also
monitored. The treatment integrated with bulking agent,
nutrients, consortium and plant resulted in 28-fold
increased dehydrogenase activity and complete mineralization
of higher PAHs. Furthermore, 72.8 % total petroleum
hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation was observed in
bulked treatment with plant, nutrients and consortium followed
by 69.6 and 65.4 % in bioaugmented treatments
with and without nutrients, respectively, as compared to
control (33.4 %). A lysimeter study was also conducted
simultaneously using Vetiver and consortium to monitor
groundwater contamination by heavy metals in oil sludge
which showed a marked decrease in the concentrations of
metals such as lead and cadmium in leachates. This study
validates a holistic approach for remediation of
oil sludge contaminated soils/sites which is a burning issue
since decades by the use of microbe assisted phytoremediation technology which not only solves the problem of oil contamination but also takes care of heavy metal contamination
Transcriptome analysis for identification of indigo biosynthesis pathway genes in Polygonum tinctorium
No full textIndigo is the most important blue dye for textile dyeing and is biosynthesized in Polygonum tinctorium. Some
biochemical studies related to biosynthesis are available. However, genomic and transcriptome studies have not received
sufficient attention. Here, we report de novo assembly of transcriptome datasets and its comprehensive analysis. A total of 60,395 unigenes were annotated using BLAST search against the different databases. At least 23,721 unigenes mapped onto different pathways using KEGG database. We found that 3,323 genes are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, 117 phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and 147 tryptophan metabolisms. Apart from this, indigo biosynthesis pathway genes viz., dioxygenase, monooxygenase, and glucosyltransferase have also been identified. Fourteen genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 26 glucoside dioxygenase, 9 UDP-glucose D-glucosyltransferase and 52 were β-D-glucosidase. These findings provide a foundation for further analysis of this pathway with potential to enhance the synthesis of indican in P. tinctorium
Separation of WPCBs by dissolution of brominated epoxy resins using DMSO and NMP: A comparative study
No full textPrinted circuit boards (PCBs) in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) abide of valuable and hazardous materials and due to its complex and discrete make up across manufacturers, processing of waste PCBs (WPCBs) is a massive challenge. And therefore either completely novel or improved processes are needed for recycling of WPCBs and recovery of valuable materials from it. Present comparative study, was performed for processing WPCBs using solvents N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Various parameters, which include WPCB sizes; solid to liquid (S/L) ratio; temperature and time, were investigated to understand the WPCBs processing by dissolving bromine epoxy resin using solvents. Results showed that the rate of removal and separation of the bromine epoxy resin (BER) increases with respect to increasing various parameters. Optimum condition of complete separation of WPCBs using NMP were S/L ratio of 1:5, WPCB size/area of 4 mm/16 mm2 and 100 °C for 90 minutes, whereas for DMSO the optimum dissolution of bisphenol A were obtained in S/L ratio of 1:2, size/area of 6 mm/36 mm2 at 90 °C for 90 min. Overall, NMP proves to be better solvent for bromine epoxy resin than DMSO in terms of bisphenol A dissolution and separation of various layers of WPCB. Used solvents can be vaporised–condensed under the decompression for regeneration. This novel process can be an eco-friendly and effective option for separation and recovery of various valuable materials such as metals, glass fibres, etc. from WPCBs. Further research and testing is needed for precise evaluation between two processes using NMP or DMSO solvents, in terms of the valuable material recovery from WPCB and process techno-economics
Recent Advances in Factors and Methods for Stimulation of Biomethane Production
No full textThe role of methanogenesis in the global carbon cycle is very important for recycle of renewable
biomass which, has the potential for contribution to independence from fossil fuels. Anaerobic
microbes comprised of fermentative and acetogenic species decompose the complex biomass to
hydrogen, formate and, acetate that are further metabolized to methane by methanogens. A general review
of biogenic production of methane and methanogenic diversity involved is presented. This review
gives an overview of recent patents on methane production and focuses mainly on different methods, systems and,
microbial methanogenic community involved in anaerobic digestion that can be used for improved understanding of the
microbial community function and relationships in methanogenesis
Preparation and Characterization of Polyalthia longifolia Based Alumina as a Novel Adsorbent for Removing Fluoride from Drinking Water
No full textThis research addresses i) synthesis of an alumina composite based on high capacity adsorbent using
a leaf as a template and ii) the issue of handling spent regenerant resulting from regeneration of such high capacity
adsorbents. A low-cost composite type adsorbent has been synthesized for removal of excess fluoride from drinking
water, using Polyalthia longifolia (false Ashoka tree) leaf as a template and alum as a source of alumina. The
composite adsorbent having heterogeneous phases of Al(OH)3 and Al2O3 is associated with carbon and free Al(OH)3
and alumina has been identified using XRD, SEM, FTIR and BET surface area analysis. Batch adsorption experiments
were carried out including the effect of various physico-chemical parameters, such as adsorbent dose, pH,
contact time, initial fluoride ion concentration and temperature to ascertain optimal performance conditions. The
elemental composition of material and SEM analysis suggests a composite material with different phases. Polyalthia
longifolia based adsorbent (PBA) effectively removes fluoride with substantially high adsorption capacity of 17.57
mg g-1 at initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg l-1 using very low dose of 0.4 g l-1 as compared to 1.82 mg g-1 for
activated alumina. PBA has been regenerated to the tune of about 80% using alum solution. The spent regenerant
has been subjected to two new options i) recovery of alum and formation of chitosan/CaF composite by treating with
slaked lime and ii) immobilization of AlF in chitosan to form chitosan/AlF composite. These composites may prove to
be useful optic materials for UV absorption
RNA-Seq analysis for indigo biosynthesis pathway genes in Indigofera tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium
Get PDFNatural indigo is the most important blue dye for textile dyeing and valuable secondary metabolite biosynthesized in Indigofera tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium plants. Present investigation is made to generation of gene resource for pathway enrichment and to understand possible gene expression involved in indigo biosynthesis. The data about raw reads and the transcriptome assembly project has been deposited at GenBank under the accessions SRA180766 and SRX692542 for I. tinctoria and P. tinctorium, respectively
Tidal and seasonal variations in water quality of Thane creek, Mumbai, India: a statistical analysis
Get PDFWater quality of Thane creek was assessed spatially and temporally based on receiving waterbody standards and nutrient parameters. Due to large data set and variation in water quality, statistical analysis was carried out to summarize a data set quantitatively using Box and Whiskers plots. These plots helped to display data spread at a glance, reveal data symmetry and skewness as well as the presence of outliers. Further, Spearman’s correlation matrices were generated to establish the relationship between physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters and found to have significant correlation between them. The study reveals that the Thane creek is polluted based on receiving waterbody standards in all the seasons even during low and high tides. The creek water is more polluted in the upper stretch as compared to middle and lower stretches. Immediate attention is required for the improvement in water quality of the creek by enhancement in wastewater collection system, appropriate level of treatment, proper disposal and recycle/reuse of treated effluent rather than discharging into the creek
Effects of surface and bulk silver on PrMnO3+# perovskite for CO and soot oxidation: Experimental evidences for the chemical state of silver
No full textUnambiguous evidences have been obtained to explain the presence and effects of both
framework and extra-framework silver on catalytic properties of Pr(Ag)MnO3+δ perovskite type
materials, using various tools such as XPS, HR-TEM, O2-TPD and H2-TPR analysis. Three types
of Ag incorporated PrMnO3 perovskite samples were synthesized by means of Ag partial
substitution in perovskite lattice and Ag dispersion on the surface of the synthesized perovskite
phase, using two different calcination temperatures of 200 °C and 550 °C. The amount of silver
used was 1 wt% (0.000225 mol), in all the three catalysts. Based on extensive characterization
studies, it was clearly explained that the partially substituted Ag for Pr is present in the lattice
along with Pr at ‘A’ site of ABO3 perovskite structure. Ag surface incorporated PrMnO3+δ
sample calcined at 550 °C shows both surface metallic silver as well as partially substituted Ag
in perovskite lattice, while Ag2O nanoparticles were observed on surface in case of another
sample calcined at 200 °C. All the synthesized materials were evaluated for their CO and soot
oxidation activity, considering the renewed interest in Ag promoted catalytic materials, and
ambiguity about its location in perovskite strcuture as well as its role in promoting catalytic and
other properties of perovskite type materials. Perovskites with surface Ag species show better
catalytic activity than Ag substituted counterpart. This improved and better activity of Ag
dispersed samples was because of the presence of surface active redox couple of Ag/Ag2O,
which facilitates surface redox reaction pathway of CO and soot oxidation reactions
Dynamic interactive events in gene regulation using E. coli dehydrogenase as a model
No full textDifferent approaches in gene expression analysis
always provide a snapshot view of cellular events. During the
bacterial growth, the decisions are dynamically made with
participation of various genes and their interactions with modulating
factors. We have selected Escherichia coli dehydrogenases
as a model to capture these interactions. We have treated
the cells with hydrogen peroxide with very low level and
asked the questions how cellular physiology has modulated
itself to survive post-shock conditions. We hypothesized that
while global regulators and associated gene network dictate
the overall cellular intelligence, specific redox-sensitive classes
of enzymes like dehydrogenase-mediated modulation
could provide the option to cell for survival under peroxide
after-effect. To understand the dynamic gene interaction, we
used multidimensional scaling of genes and overlaid with
minimum spanning tree to understand the clustering patterns
under different conditions. Study shows that under peroxide
after-effect, it is the interplay of ArcA (global regulator), with
ldhA (involved in intermediary metabolism) and ndh (managing
co-factor NADH), that emerges as modulating association.
Knockout mutants of global regulators confirmed the promoter
activity trend through gene expression change for
dehydrogenases
Noncoding RNAs: Possible Players in the Development of Fluorosis
Get PDFFluorosis is caused by excess of fluoride intake over a long period of time. Aberrant change in the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mediated signaling cascade is one of the decisive steps during the pathogenesis of fluorosis. Up to date, role of fluoride on the epigenetic alterations is not studied. In the present study, global expression profiling of short noncoding RNAs, in particular
miRNAs and snoRNAs, was carried out in sodium fluoride (NaF) treated human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to understand their possible role in the development of fluorosis. qPCR and in silico hybridization revealed that miR-124 and miR-155 can be directly involved in the transcriptional regulation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and receptor activator of nuclear facto