27851 research outputs found
Sort by
Survival and neurologic performance at 30 days and beyond following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest comparing standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus chest compression-only resuscitation by bystanders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full text12 p.Ahead of print versionEste estudio realiza una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis para comparar la supervivencia y el rendimiento neurológico a 30 días o más tras una parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria, evaluando la diferencia entre RCP estándar (compresiones y ventilación) y RCP solo con compresiones torácicas realizada por testigos. El objetivo es determinar qué estrategia de reanimación por parte de los bystanders se asocia con mejores resultados clínicos a medio plazo.Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global health concern, in which bystanders' ability and willingness to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation determine the survival and neurologic performance of patients. This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence that compares the effects of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation provided by bystanders in terms of survival and neurologic performance at 1 month or later after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis adhered to recognized reporting guidelines. The search strategy was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to February 2025. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% CIs. Standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation was considered the intervention group, and compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation was considered the control group. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa quality assessment scale. Egger's test and funnel plot symmetry were used to assess publication bias.
Results: Six cohort studies were included. A comparison of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation and compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders revealed that standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation improved survival at and beyond 30 days after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00-1.43; I2 = 90.9%; P≤.05). However, no significant differences were found in terms of favorable neurologic performance (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.96-1.48; I2 = 78.7%; P≤.05).
Discussion: Compared with compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bystander-provided standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation may increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, with a positive (albeit nonsignificant) trend toward better neurologic performance. However, there are not enough studies with randomized controlled designs and longer follow-up periods to establish robust recommendations.Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Agencia de Investigación e Innovación de Castilla-La Mancha (INNOCAM
Emotional intelligence, vital anguish, humor and mindfulness: unpacking their roles in subjective well-being
No full textPurpose - The present research exploressubjective well-being (SWB) and associated levels of perception in the new generations, specifically in the Generation Z (Gen Z) group that works in the technology sector. Design/methodology/approach - This research analyzes the perceptions of young Gen Z professional engineers, based on an integrative approach that considers variables such as emotional intelligence, vital anguish, mindfulness, sense of humor and SWB. For this purpose, a research instrument was designed that incorporates validated scales such as the MASS-28, the DASS-21 and the TMMS-24. Findings - The findingsreveal that SWB is directly and positively enhanced by the practice of mindfulness and a sense of humor. The proposed model shows indirect and interlinked effects between emotional intelligence, vital anguish and sense of humor. The data show that greater emotional awareness may be associated with an increase in vital anguish and a decrease in mindfulness, suggesting that delving into one's emotions and environment does not always promote greater mental balance. Originality/value - The finding that a sense of humor negatively impacts mindfulness could be explained by the pressure to fit in socially, which distracts from the development of genuine mindfulness. On the other hand, the positive effect of vital anguish on mindfulnesssuggeststhat those who have gone through intense experiences of stress, anxiety or depression tend to harness mindfulness more effectively, using it as a tool to achieve greater SWB. This research provides value to leaders, entrepreneurs, specialists and academics interested in managing high-performance teams and promoting well-being among employees or students
Actions for the promotion of educational inclusion of deaf students in Chile
No full textIn an effort to advance on a real educational inclusion in Chile, the School Integration Program (Programa de Integración Escolar, PIE) has been implemented with the stated aim of promoting school inclusion through the establishment of support and collaboration processes that remove barriers within the school context. This qualitative study describes and analyzes the actions undertaken in schools that implement PIE for deaf students, focusing on the dimensions of cultures, policies, and practices that support inclusion. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five professionals (two program coordinators and three special education teachers) from three schools in the Metropolitan Region. The findings reveal that, although policies ensure the presence of deaf students, effective participation and learning depend on sustained strategies that cultivate inclusive school cultures and pedagogical practices. The study contributes to scholarship by deepening understanding of how inclusion policies are enacted in daily school practices, and to educational practice by highlighting actionable approaches for developing coherent, sustainable inclusion processes in Chilean schools
Fault detection in UAVs: a multiclass White-box classification approach
Full text linkCátedra ENIA IA3. Documento de trabajoThis paper presents a supervised multiclass classification approach for Fault Detection and Isolation
(FDI) in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) utilizing the RflyMAD dataset. By treating
sequential flight telemetry as a collection of static, independent observations, we aim to identify
aircraft health status based on instantaneous sensor readings. The study processes a heterogeneous
dataset comprising Harware-in-the-Loop (HIL), Software-in-the-Loop (SIL), and Real operational
records. We detail a comprehensive data processing pipeline, including data adequacy, rigorous
cleaning, and time-series specific splitting strategies to prevent data leakage. Feature engineering
techniques, including correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are employed
to mitigate multicollinearity and reduce dimensionality. We evaluate three white-box machine learning
models (Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, and Logistic Regression)comparing their performance on
a physically interpretable feature set versus a PCA-transformed space. Results indicate that whilst
white-box models offer explicability, they struggle with the complex, non-linear boundaries of multiclass
fault scenarios, although Logistic Regression shows significant improvement when applied to
the PCA-projected space
Desafíos y responsabilidades del empleador ante el Convenio 190 y la Recomendación 206 de la OIT
Full text link8 p.El Convenio 190 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, en adelante OIT, junto con la Recomendación 206, establecen el marco legal internacional para combatir el acoso dentro del entorno laboral, ordenando y recomendando a los empleadores establecer y aplicar protocolos de prevención y sanción si los trabajadores se encuentran afectos al hecho descrito como acoso laboral. Estos protoinlcolos deben promover relaciones laborales inclusivas, seguras, que tiendan a dignificar al trabajador, asi como tambén deben garantizar la participación activa de todos los sectores o partes
involucradas, en el sentido que el acceso a los mecanismos de denuncias sean expeditos y siempre con la mira puesta en el respeto y la equidad entre todos las partes del íter contractual.
Ambos cuerpos legales, probablemente constituyen uno de los avances, en esta materia, mas relevantes a nivel internacional. Es de suma relevancia, toda vez que incluye a todos lo actores que tienen relevancia en el ámbito laboral, a saber, empleadores, trabajadores, sindicatos, y Estados parte
Cybersecurity in cryptocurrencies and NFTs: a bibliometric analysis
Full text linkThe rapid growth of cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has expanded technological opportunities, but it has also increased the exposure surface to cyber threats, creating a need for a more precise understanding of the field?s scientific evolution. This study aims to systematically analyse academic output related to cybersecurity and cyber threats within cryptocurrency and NFT ecosystems, identifying central themes, the most influential authors, and emerging trends. A bibliometric methodology was employed, based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol and scientific mapping tools such as SciMAT (v1.1.06) and VOSviewer (v1.6.20), using a corpus of 337 articles published between 2014 and 2025. The findings indicate sustained growth in the literature, a marked geographical and editorial concentration, and the presence of motor themes such as blockchain, cybersecurity, emerging technologies and illegal mining, alongside emerging areas such as intrusion detection. The results also reveal a progressive integration of artificial intelligence techniques in the detection and prevention of attacks. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art, identifies critical gaps, and underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches to strengthen security in decentralised environments
Activismo Lúdico: un proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio y juego para la transformación personal y comunitaria
Full text linkLa necesidad de conectar educación superior y realidad social exige
metodologías que integren aprendizaje y compromiso comunitario. El objetivo de este estudio
es analizar el impacto educativo y social de un proyecto universitario que integra AprendizajeServicio (ApS) y juego como herramientas para la transformación social. Metodología: Se
adoptó un diseño metodológico mixto convergente con 20 estudiantes de Máster que
implementaron ocho proyectos en contextos reales (residencias, centros penitenciarios,
bibliotecas y espacios urbanos). Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario validado (35
ítems, escala Likert) y una pregunta abierta. El análisis se realizó con SPSS v30 y Atlas.ti v25,
aplicando estadísticos descriptivos y análisis temático. Resultados: Las tres dimensiones
(Formativa, Aprendizaje y Servicio) obtuvieron puntuaciones muy altas (M > 4,6). El análisis cualitativo reveló que se trata de una propuesta de aprendizaje transformadora, favorece la
autorrealización y satisfacción personal, además de poner en valor al juego. Discusión: Los
resultados coinciden con propuestas previas que destacan al juego como detonante para el
aprendizaje. Asimismo contribuye a respaldar al ApS como metodología transformadora
universitaria. Conclusiones: El proyecto demuestra que la sinergia entre ApS y juego potencia
la conexión terórico-práctica, contribuye a los ODS y refuerza la Responsabilidad Social
Universitaria
El suicidio como accidente laboral: impacto del acoso y reflexiones desde la Ley Karin
Full text link11 p.La posibilidad de calificar el suicidio como accidente laboral ha generado debates jurídicos que tensionan el concepto tradicional de accidente del trabajo, especialmente cuando este se origina en contextos de acoso, violencia o deterioro progresivo de la salud mental del trabajador. En este ensayo se analiza cómo esta problemática ha sido abordada en España, particularmente a partir del artículo 156 de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social (LGSS), y cómo la jurisprudencia ha ido delineando criterios para
establecer una relación de causalidad entre el entorno laboral y el acto suicida, destacando la teoría de la “ocasionalidad relevante”.
Desde esta mirada, se propone un contrapunto con el ordenamiento chileno, donde la Ley 21.643 (conocida como Ley Karin) ha avanzado en la prevención del acoso laboral y la violencia en el trabajo, pero no ha abordado de forma explícita las consecuencias más extremas, como el suicidio. A partir de casos recientes en la administración pública chilena y de oficios institucionales que evidencian la inexistencia de estadísticas oficiales en esta materia, se reflexiona sobre los vacíos normativos y las rutas posibles para el reconocimiento jurídico del suicidio como evento laboral. El ensayo concluye destacando la necesidad de fortalecer la prevención de los riesgos psicosociales en las organizaciones, así como de consolidar mecanismos de protección que no excluyan, por omisión, a las víctimas que no alcanzan a denunciar
En busca del objeto de estudio. Cómo elaborar una investigación académica en ciencias sociales y humanidades [Reseña de libro]
No full textReseña del libro: Gonzalo Andrés González García, En busca del objeto de estudio. Cómo elaborar una investigación académica en ciencias sociales y humanidades. Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2024, 135 pp. ISBN: 9788413819310