The Stacks (Library of Anglo-American Culture & History - FID AAC, Göttingen State and University Library)
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General Introduction to Issue 74
No full textThe centerpiece of this issue is a set of exchanges on the topic of women’s service in the 19th century. In keeping with this journal’s aim to provide a forum for dialogue, the Intercontinental Cross-Currents Network, represented by Laura-Isabella Heitz, Khristeena Lute, Julia Nitz, Sandra H. Petrulionis, and Esther Wetzel, is pleased to share a collection of essays and responses reflecting long-distance academic conversations that took place during the pandemic. The service provided by many women during the pandemic inspired the theme
Comparing Literatures and Compiling Lists of Nobel Laureates in the Early Twentieth Century
No full textThis paper analyzes what may be called Olympic Internationalism as a framework for comparing literatures in the early twentieth century. Specifically, it analyzes the practice of tabulating information about the Nobel Prize—in the Swedish Academy, the international press, and repositories of general knowledge such as encyclopedias—and argues that the international circulation of such “thin knowledge” (Orsini) formed the very basis for that framework of comparison. This, it is further argued, played a crucial role in shaping the international perception of what world literature is and in making the Nobel Prize in Literature what it is: a globally acknowledged “world prize.”</p
Phonological and Phonetic Variation in Spoken Morphology
No full textMany theories of word structure in linguistics and morphological processing in cognitive psychology are grounded in a compositional perspective on the (mental) lexicon in which complex words are built up during speech production from sublexical elements such as morphemes, stems, and exponents. When combined with the hypothesis that storage in the lexicon is restricted to the irregular, the prediction follows that properties specific to regular inflected words cannot co-determine the phonetic realization of these inflected words. This study shows that the stem vowels of regular English inflected verb forms that are more frequent in their paradigm are produced with more enhanced articulatory gestures in the midsaggital plane, challenging compositional models of lexical processing. The effect of paradigmatic probability dovetails well with the Paradigmatic Enhancement Hypothesis and is consistent with a growing body of research indicating that the whole is more than its parts.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659European Research Council
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781Projekt DEA
Hermeneutik und Germanistik – Ansätze, Voten, Diagnosen
No full textIn diesem Beitrag erläutern wir, wieso es aktuell keine »Krise des Textverstehens« gibt, die eine erneute Reflexion hermeneutischer Grundlagen erfordern würde. Wir zeigen, dass derartige Diagnosen entweder auf gesellschaftliche Probleme zurückgehen, die den Grundlagen hermeneutischer Theoriebildung äußerlich sind, oder auf irrige Annahmen über einen theoretischen und methodischen Pluralismus innerhalb der Literaturwissenschaften. Statt der Entwicklung einer »neuen Hermeneutik« ist innerhalb der Philologie vielmehr eine verstärkte Rückbesinnung auf den common ground aller Spielarten wissenschaftlicher Textinterpretation angebracht: den auf universalen Rationalitätsprinzipien beruhenden argumentativen Diskurs. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags führen wir dann anhand von drei exemplarischen Maximen aus, wie sich dieses allgemeine Plädoyer in die Praxis philologischer Hermeneutik integrieren lässt.In this paper we explain why there is currently no »crisis of the understanding of texts« that would require us to re-examine the foundations of hermeneutics. We show that such diagnoses are either due to social problems external to the theoretical foundations of hermeneutics or to erroneous assumptions about a theoretical and methodological pluralism within literary studies. Instead of developing a »new hermeneutics«, it is therefore in order to focus more on the common ground that all varieties of scholarly textual interpretation share: argumentative discourse based on universal principles of rationality. In the second part of the paper, we then elaborate on the basis of three exemplary maxims how this general idea can be integrated into the practice of philological hermeneutics.Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018
The Application of Implicit Morpho-Graphic Regularities to Novel Word Spelling
No full textPrevious corpus studies have shown that the English spelling system is ‘morpho-graphic’ (Berg and Aronoff 2017) in that affixes are spelt in a consistent way (e.g., ‹ous› in famous) that distinguishes them from homophonous word endings without grammatical function (e.g., ‹us› in bonus). The present paper investigates if English spellers apply these regularities to the spelling of novel words implicitly and whether the application of those regularities is modulated by experience with the English writing system.
Participants with varying degrees of expertise in the English writing system were asked to spell novel words ending in /əs/, which were presented orally in either an adjective context (i.e., biasing towards the affix spelling ‹ous›) or a noun context (i.e., biasing towards an alternative spelling such as ‹us›). The results showed that the adjective context elicited significantly more ‹ous› spellings than the noun context, indicating that participants applied morpho-graphic spelling regularities to novel words to mark the appropriate lexical category. Additionally, there was a modulation by spelling ability: The higher participants’ expertise in the English spelling system was, the more novel words they spelt according to morpho-graphic spelling regularities.
In conclusion, English spellers are aware of the morpho-graphic spelling regularities without explicit instruction and apply these to novel words. They gradually induce the regularities from the input, which results in more robust rule application with increased experience and expertise in the English writing system.Technische Universität Braunschweig (1042
Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak (eds.): Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Migration Control, Language Policy, Identity and Belonging (2020)
No full textUniversität Duisburg-Essen (3149
Children’s Surface, Textbase, and Situation Model Representations of Written and Illustrated Written Narrative Text
No full textAccording to the tripartite model of text representation (van Dijk & Kintsch, 1983), readers form representations of the text surface and textbase, and construct a situation model. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate whether these levels of representation would be affected by adding illustrations to narrative text and whether the order of text and illustrations would make a difference. Students aged between 7 and 13 years (N = 146) read 12 narrative texts, 4 of them with illustrations presented before their corresponding sentences, 4 with illustrations presented after, and 4 without any illustration. A sentence recognition task was used to assess the accuracy for text surface, textbase, and situation model. For the text surface and situation model, neither the presence of illustrations nor the order of text and illustrations influenced accuracy. However, the textbase was negatively affected by illustrations when they followed their corresponding sentences. We suggest that illustrations can initiate model inspection after situation model construction (Schnotz, 2014), a process that can make substantial changes to the textbase representation.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)Projekt DEA
Flirting Through Summer Jobs
No full text“Flirting through Summer Jobs,” traces the experiences of an American High School student seeking seasonal employment in Arizona and Alaska