The Stacks (Library of Anglo-American Culture & History - FID AAC, Göttingen State and University Library)
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Success and Self-Realization from Literary Naturalism to Advice Literature
No full textThis essay examines the dramatization of a new model of selfhood in U.S. naturalist fiction at the turn of the twentieth century and how it was taken up by advice literature during the interwar years. By tracing a lineage of the self through the characterological types of the caveman, genius, artist, and entrepreneur, the essay shows how the construction of the caveman as a more vital self than the bourgeois individual at the turn of the twentieth century morphed into a biologized notion of Romantic genius and further into configurations of artists and entrepreneurs as the century progressed. As the types shade into each other in naturalist fiction and advice literature, they represent a new model for successful working and living that fuses expressive and economic goals, and which anticipates contemporary constructions of work as a pursuit of creative self-expression and self-actualization.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Freie Universität Berlin (1008
Restoration Epistolarity
No full textThe early modern age witnessed a number of revolutionary changes in the ways people communicated with each other. Within the shifting balances between oral and print cultures following upon Gutenberg's invention of the printing press, epistolarity played a crucial role in how written language was perceived as a source of reliable information. The highly dynamic cultural environment of Restoration England, existing as it did in various forms of intellectual exchange with other European and international spheres, brought forth a sizeable increase in various forms of literary practice.Thyssen Foundation
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000339
Die Dynamik der Religionsbegegnung in 'A Song of Ice and Fire'
No full textIn der Fantasy-Literatur gibt es Religion, aber nur selten Religionen. Eine interessante Ausnahme bildet George R.R. Martins A Song of Ice and Fire. Martins Darstellung von Religionen im Kontakt entspricht den Ergebnissen der neueren Religionsforschung; hier wie dort wird die Religionsgeschichte durch Kontaktsituationen angetrieben und dynamisiert: Religionen reagieren aufeinander; sie entstehen und entwickeln sich durch Begegnungen mit anderen Religionen.In fantasy literature there is religion, but rarely religions. George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire is an interesting exception. Martin’s portrayal of religions in contact corresponds to the findings of recent research on religion; here as there, the history of religion is driven and dynamised by situations of contact: Religions react to each other; they emerge and develop through encounters with other religions
Nuno Simões Rodrigues, Martin Simonson and Angélica Varandas, eds. 'Nólë Hyarmenillo: An Anthology of Iberian Scholarship on Tolkien'
No full textNarrative Topography and Artistic Voice in Mike Mignola’s 'Hellboy in Hell'
No full textThe place to which comic book hero Hellboy descends in Hellboy in Hell: The Descent (Mignola 2014), is your typical Hell only in as much as Hellboy is your typical devil. Rather than facilitating the torment of the damned or providing the setting for a grandiose finale, Mignola constructs his Hell as a place of deceleration and reflection. This essay analyses the function that Hell fulfills for the Mignolaverse, both in terms of its meaning to Hellboy, as well as its relevance in the creational context of Hellboy as a multimedia franchise.Der Ort, in den es Comicheld Hellboy in Hellboy in Hell: The Descent (Mignola 2014) verschlägt, ist als Höllenvision ebenso untypisch wie Hellboy selbst als Teufel. Anstatt der Folter verdammter Seelen oder den Schauplatz eines grandiosen Finales, konstruiert Mignola mit seiner Hölle einen Ort der Entschleunigung und Reflektion. Dieser Essay analysiert die Funktion, die die Hölle im Mignolaverse erfüllt, sowohl in Bezug auf ihre Bedeutung für Hellboy, als auch ihre Relevanz im Produktionskontext von Hellboy als multimediales Franchise
Examples from Kenya and South Africa
No full textEducation systems are globally reformed to focus more on competencies and be more pupil-centred. Post-colonial countries like Kenya and South Africa face severe educational challenges regarding access, language policy and the quality of education. Both countries share a colonial history under the British Empire. South Africa rolled out its Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) curriculum, but soon reformed and later changed it substantially to the new Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Kenya implemented their Basic Education Curriculum Framework (BECF) only recently in 2017, which represents a Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). Both curricula do not have language policy as a priority, although many children in both countries have very limited exposure and competencies in English, the dominant language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in Kenya and South Africa. They can read English words in lessons, but quite often cannot explain their meaning. A semi-systematic literature review was conducted to analyse common or similar and different patterns in both countries as well as the academic representation of it. Together with own previous research, the study revealed that ideally language policy and curricular reforms need to be addressed simultaneously.Andrew W. Mellon Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/10000087
Analyseebenen möglicher Religionsbezüge in 'Supernatural'
No full textDer vorliegende Artikel liefert einen Beitrag zur religionswissenschaftlichen Analyse von Serien und widmet sich als Fallbeispiel der Serie Supernatural. Diese wird knapp vorgestellt und einige Charakteristika von Serien und daraus entstehende Konsequenzen für ihre religionswissenschaftliche Erforschung präsentiert. Anschließend werden vier Analyseebenen beschrieben und auf die Serie angewandt. Durch diese Herangehensweise können mögliche Religionsbezüge in fiktiven Unterhaltungsmedien systematisiert werden, sodass zu verschiedenen Arten von Religionsbezügen getrennt Analysen erfolgen können bzw. geurteilt werden kann, ob sich der Inhalt dieser Ebene für eine religionsbezogene Analyse eignet.This article makes a contribution to the analysis of television series in the study of religion and focuses on the series Supernatural. The series is briefly introduced and some characteristics of series and the resulting consequences for their analysis in the study of religion are presented. Then, four levels of analysis are described and applied to the series. This approach makes it possible to systematise possible religious references in fictional entertainment media, so that separate analyses can be carried out for different types of religious references and separate judgements can be made as to whether the content of this level is suitable for a religion-related analysis
Businesspeople Using Polysemous Justifications to Make Sense of COVID-19
No full textBoth lay understandings of crisis moments and influential psychological models of cognition in times of uncertainty emphasize how crises limit thinking. Conversely, scholars as diverse as Foucault, Swidler, Bourdieu, and Butler have elaborated generative conceptions of crisis, which specify crises as moments of change, transformation, and heightened cognition. The research presented here takes up the question of how crises become thinkable, as actors gradually make sense of a newly uncertain context. Against a backdrop of polarization on the topic, in-depth interviews with 60 businesspeople navigating the coronavirus pandemic show that they see public health and economic well-being as interrelated. This has important effects on how businesses interpret and implement government directives and public health guidelines, from choosing to close before being mandated to do so, to staying closed even when allowed to reopen. Taken together, these findings substantiate generative models of crisis while drawing attention to the polysemous justifications elaborated by actors as they navigate shifting cultural and social scaffoldings.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods (2
Characters, Interpersonal Relations, and Tropes in 'The Lord of the Rings' Fanfiction in Comparison to J. R. R. Tolkien’s Trilogy
No full textDas Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist ein Vergleich des Textkorpus von auf der Multifandom-Fanfiction-Plattform Archive of our Own hochgeladener The Lord of the Rings-Fanfiction mit der von J.R.R. Tolkien verfassten Roman-Trilogie (1954). Mithilfe digitaler Scraping-Tools, die am International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley entwickelt wurden, wird ein Vergleich des vollständigen Romantextes mit der zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung am 30.07.2014 auf der Multifandom-Fanfictionplattform Archive of our Own hochgeladenen knapp 7.500 englischsprachigen The Lord of the Rings-Fanfictions möglich – mittlerweile hat sich die Zahl der Texte in diesem Fandom verfünffacht. Unser Forschungsziel ist es, mittels distant reading bestimmte Figuren, Beziehungen der Figuren zueinander (Pairings) und Verwendung findende Worte und Motive zu identifizieren, die von Fanfiction-Autor:innen ignoriert, aufgegriffen, neu hinzugefügt oder eher aus den Blockbuster-Filmen von Peter Jackson als aus Tolkiens Werken entlehnt werden. Die Studie soll hierdurch einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Fanobjekt und Fantext leisten.The aim of this paper is a textual comparison between Lord of the Rings fanfiction and the trilogy originally created by J.R.R. Tolkien. By employing digital scraping tools that have been developed at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, we will be able to compare the full text of the novels with almost 7.500 English-language Lord of the Rings fanfictions that have been uploaded to the multi-fandom online platform Archive of Our Own. By analyzing the data with a distant reading approach, our research goal is to identify certain fictional characters, interpersonal relations (pairings), and tropes that fanfiction writers ignore, pick up, borrow from Peter Jackson’s movies rather than Tolkien’s works, or add to the fictional universe in order to more fully understand the relationship between source and fan text.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Philipps-Universität Marburg (1009
