727 research outputs found
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Jumping to Conclusion? A Lévy Flight Model of Decision Making [Dataset]
No full textThe diffusion model is one of the most prominent response time models in cognitive psychology. The model describes evidence accumulation as a stochastic process that runs between two boundaries until a threshold is hit, and a decision is made. The model assumes that information accumulation follows a Wiener diffusion process with normally distributed noise. However, the model's assumption of Gaussian noise might not be the optimal description of decision making. We argue that Lévy flights, incorporating more heavy-tailed, non-Gaussian noise, might provide a more accurate description of actual decision processes. In contrast to diffusion processes, Lévy flights are characterized by larger jumps in the decision process. To further examine this proposal, we compare the fit of the basic diffusion model and the full diffusion model (including inter-trial variability of starting-point, drift rate and non-decisional processes) to the fit of a simple and a complex version of a Lévy flight model. In the latter model, the heavy-tailedness of noise distributions was estimated by an additional free stability parameter alpha. Participants completed 500 trials of a color discrimination task and 400 trials of a lexical decision task. Results indicate that a complex Lévy flight model -including inter-trial variability parameters and alpha- shows the best fit in both tasks. Importantly, alpha-values correlated across tasks, indicating a trait-like nature of this parameter
Anhang I & II zu: Goldene Zeiten? – Europäische Goldvorkommen und ihr Bezug zur Himmelsscheibe von Nebra
No full textDer Fund der bronzezeitlichen Himmelsscheibe von Nebra im Jahr 1990 und das nachfolgende, durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft finanzierte interdisziplinäre Forschergruppenprojekt 550 warfen unter anderem die Frage nach der Herkunft der auf der Himmelsscheibe applizierten Goldobjekte auf. Obwohl es bereits durch die Untersuchungen von Hartmann (1970 und 1982) eine gute Datengrundlage der chemischen Zusammensetzungen bronzezeitlicher europäischer Artefakte gab, fehlte bisher ein damit vergleichbarer analytischer Datensatz für europäische Naturgoldvorkommen. Im Rahmen von geoarchäologischen Beprobungen primärer Ganglagerstätten wie auch sekundärer Seifenlagerstätten von Gold im Gelände und in Museen und der nachfolgenden geochemischen Untersuchung mittels LA-ICP-MS-Analytik, konnte erstmals ein umfassender Datensatz von Naturgoldanalysen zur Verfügung gestellt werden
Heidelberg integrated samples 2018-2020 and pseudo power plant experiment results [Data]
No full textThese data files show the measurement and model ffCO2 results (surface source influence vs. volume source influence approach) for the two-week integrated afternoon and nighttime samples from Heidelberg (July 2018 - June 2020). Moreover, the results of the pseudo power plant experiment for Heidelberg at 30m and 200m agl are shown
Is it all about the feeling? Affective and (meta-)cognitive mechanisms underlying the truth effect. [Dataset]
No full textThis data-set contains all data from the paper "Is it all about the feeling? Affective and (meta-)cognitive mechanisms underlying the truth effect.
Opaque Voxel-based Tree Models for Virtual Laser Scanning in Forestry Applications [Research Data and Source Code]
No full textVirtual laser scanning (VLS), the simulation of laser scanning in a computer environment, is as a useful tool for field campaign planning, acquisition optimisation, and development and sensitivity analyses of algorithms in various disciplines including forestry research. One key to meaningful VLS is a suitable 3D representation of the object of interest. For VLS of forests, the way trees are constructed influences both the performance and the realism of the simulations. In this contribution, we analyse how well VLS can reproduce scans of individual trees in a forest. Specifically, we examine how different voxel sizes used to create the virtual forest affect point cloud metrics (e.g. height percentiles) and tree metrics (e.g. tree height and crown base height) derived from simulated point clouds. The level of detail in the voxelisation is dependent on the voxel size, which usually influences the number of voxel cells of the model. A smaller voxel size (i.e., more voxels) increases the computational cost of laser scanning simulations but allows for more detail. We present a method that decouples voxel grid resolution from final voxel cube size by scaling voxels to smaller cubes, whose surface is proportional to estimated normalised local plant area density. Voxel models are created from terrestrial laser scanning point clouds and then virtually scanned in one airborne and one UAV-borne simulation scenario. Using a comprehensive dataset of spatially overlapping terrestrial, UAV-borne and airborne laser scanning field data, we compare metrics derived from simulated point clouds and from real reference point clouds. Compared to voxel cubes of fixed size with the same base grid size, using scaled voxels greatly improves the agreement of simulated and real point cloud and tree metrics. This can be largely attributed to reduced artificial occlusion effects when using scaled voxels. The scaled voxels better represent gaps in the canopy, allowing for higher and more realistic crown penetration. Similarly high metric accuracy can be achieved using regular fixed size voxel models with notably finer resolution, e.g. 0.02 m. But this can pose a computational limitation for running simulations over large forest plots due to the ca. 50 times higher number of filled voxels. We conclude that opaque scaled voxel models enable realistic laser scanning simulations in forests and avoid the high computational cost of small fixed size voxels.
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This dataset includes
- HELIOS++ data files to reproduce the simulations (forest (voxel) models, scene files and survey files)
- Reference point clouds of the forest plots and of individual target trees
- Simulated point clouds of the forest plots and of individual target trees
- TLS point clouds of the target trees, based on which the trees were reconstructed for the simulations
- Metrics computed from the reference and the simulated tree point clouds
- Python scripts used for voxel processing, simulation output processing and metric computation
- Examples of configuration files for AMAPVox (https://amap-dev.cirad.fr/projects/amapvox), the software for voxel-based plant area density estimatio
Dual kinetic and structural role for the surface in guiding SAS-6 self-assembly to direct centriole architecture [Data]
No full textThis dataset contains input structures and parameters for coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of SAS-6 protein oligomers as well as post-processing files and analysis scripts.
Abstract of related publication:
Discovering mechanisms governing organelle assembly is a fundamental pursuit in the life sciences. The centriole is an evolutionarily conserved organelle with a signature 9-fold symmetrical chiral arrangement of microtubules imparted onto the cilium it templates. The first structure in nascent centrioles is a cartwheel, which comprises stacked 9-fold symmetrical SAS-6 ring polymers and emerging orthogonal to a surface surrounding resident centrioles. The mechanisms through which SAS-6 polymerization ensures centriole organelle architecture remain elusive. We deployed photothermally-actuated off-resonance tapping high-speed atomic force microscopy (PORT-HS-AFM) to decipher surface SAS-6 self-assembly mechanisms. We discovered that the surface shifts the reaction equilibrium by ~104 compared to solution. Moreover, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and PORT-HS-AFM revealed that the surface converts the inherently helical propensity of SAS-6 polymers into 9-fold rings with residual asymmetry, which may guide ring stacking and impart chiral features to centrioles and cilia. Overall, our work reveals fundamental design principles governing centriole assembly
How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations [Research Data]
No full textThe data and scripts accompany the following manuscript: "How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations". To use the data with the R scripts, we recommend downloading them in their original file format (.csv)
Stabilizing γ-MgH₂ at Nanotwins in Mechanically Constrained Nanoparticles [Research Data and Source Code]
No full textResearch Data and Source Code associated with the related publication
Daily gridded soil moisture simulations on a 1 km resolution grid covering Baden-Württemberg
No full textThe dataset contains gridded daily soil moisture simulations for Baden-Württemberg.
The simulations were caried out with the hydroloigcal model TRAIN. The TRAIN model was set up for a 1 km resolution grid over the study region, which encompasses a variety of different soil, land use and climate characteristics.
Next to the raw data, the dataset contains two animations that display the development and persistence of soil moisture drought during two of the more prominent drought years (2003 and 2018)
Cellular development and evolution of the mammalian cerebellum [Research Data]
No full textThe expansion of the neocortex, a hallmark of mammalian evolution1,2, was accompanied by an increase in cerebellar neuron numbers3. However, little is known about the evolution of the cellular programs underlying cerebellum development in mammals. In this study, we generated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data for ~400,000 cells to trace cerebellum development from early neurogenesis to adulthood in human, mouse, and the marsupial opossum. We established a consensus classification of the cellular diversity in the developing mammalian cerebellum and validated it by spatial mapping in the fetal human cerebellum. Our cross-species analyses revealed a largely conserved developmental dynamics of cell type generation, except for Purkinje cells, where we observed an expansion of early-born subtypes in the human lineage. Global transcriptome profiles, conserved cell state markers, and gene expression trajectories across neuronal differentiation show that cerebellar cell type-defining programs have been overall preserved for at least ~160 million years. However, we also identified many orthologous genes that gained or lost expression in cerebellar neural cell types in one of the species, or evolved new expression trajectories during neuronal differentiation, indicating widespread gene repurposing at the cell type level. Altogether, our study unveils shared and lineage-specific gene expression programs governing the development of cerebellar cells, and expands our understanding of mammalian brain evolution