727 research outputs found
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SimTool-SynBench
No full textThe SimTool is a toolset to simulate soft tissue deformation during resection surgery. The proposed toolset is an assimilation of 3D packages in Python and Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) with Nvidia Flex integration, which make it possible to adapt the dataset for more applications.
The SynBench is a synthetic definable object benchmark that includes the ground truth between two point sets as well as various challenges, namely, deformation levels, noise, outlier, and data incompleteness
Identification of novel functional mini-receptors by combinatorial screening of split-WW domains [Research Data]
No full textβ-Sheet motifs such as the WW domain are increasingly being explored as building blocks for synthetic biological applications. Since the sequence-structure relationships of β-sheet motifs are generally complex compared to the well-studied α-helical coiled coil (CC), other approaches such as combinatorial screening should be included to vary the function of the peptide. In this study, we present a combinatorial approach to identify novel functional mini-proteins based on the WW-domain scaffold, which takes advantage of the successful reconstitution of the fragmented WW domain of hPin1 (hPin1WW) by CC association. Fragmentation of hPin1WW was performed in both loop 1 (CC-hPin1WW-L1) and loop 2 (CC-hPin1WW-L2), and the respective fragments were linked to the strands of an antiparallel heterodimeric CC. Structural analysis by CD and NMR spectroscopy revealed structural reconstitution of the WW-domain scaffold only in CC-hPin1WW-L1, but not in CC-hPin1WW-L2. Furthermore, by using 1H–15N HSQC NMR, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, we demonstrated that binding properties of fragmented hPin1WW in CC-hPin1WW-L1 were fully restored by CC association. To demonstrate the power of this approach as a combinatorial screening platform, we synthesized a four-by-six library of N- and C-terminal hPin1WW-CC peptide fragments that was screened for a WW domain that preferentially binds to ATP over cAMP, phophocholine, or IP6. Using this screening platform, we identified one WW domain, which specifically binds ATP, and a phosphorylcholine-specific WW-based mini-receptor, both having binding dissociation constants in the lower micromolar range
Who takes the lead? [Dataset]
No full textAction is needed from all the major emitting economies if we are to achieve global net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. Climate action takes place at various levels of the political system. In this study, we concentrate on cooperation between the major economies on clean energy technologies in the frame of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM; initiated in 2010) and Mission Innovation (MI; initiated in 2015). More precisely, building on research on the European Union's (EU) leadership in international climate politics, we concentrate on how the EU Commission and the EU member states have exerted leadership in these two organizations in the period 2013–2022 (for the CEM) and 2017–2022 (for MI), respectively. We use descriptive techniques and cluster analysis to investigate our original dataset. We find that, first, the EU Commission has been more active in MI than in the CEM. Interestingly the EU Commission's leadership in MI even surpasses that of the United States. Second, the EU Commission has been more active than the EU member states in MI but not in the CEM. Third, Germany and the United Kingdom, together with Italy, the Netherlands, and Denmark, stand out as particularly active in terms of (co-)leading workstreams
[Ergänzungsdaten] Werla 4 – curtem nostram nomine Werla – Architektur und Struktur einer ottonischen Königspfalz
No full textDie Gesamtanalyse Werlas verknüpft die Auswertung der Altgrabungen von 1934-1939 und 1957-1964 mit gezielten Nachgrabungen und minimal-invasiven Sondagen.
Werlas gestaffelte Befestigungsanlagen sind Kennzeichen militärischer Stärke, und durch ihre monumentale Architektur wird königliche Macht in Szene gesetzt. In den Vorburgen dominieren einfache, der handwerklichen Produktion dienende Grubenhäuser und Speicherbauten, die Werla als Wirtschaftszentrum im Sinne der Elitenökonomik ausweisen.
Die Analyse der Kleinfunde bietet eine andere Perspektive als die Architektur. Sie ermöglicht Aussagen zu Gründungszeit, Blütephase und Aufgabe der Pfalz. Zudem lassen sich berittene, hochrangige Besucher der Königspfalz und ihr engeres Gefolge und sogar die selten anwesende königliche Hofhaltung erkennen.
Im mittleren 11. Jahrhundert wurde Werla aufgegeben, ihre Pfalzfunktionen sind nach Goslar übertragen worden. In einer überregionalen Betrachtung kann dies mit dem ökonomischen und politischen Strukturwandel in Zusammenhang gebracht werden, den der ostsächsische Raum erfuhr, als das Königtum von den Ottonen auf die Salier überging.
Als ein herausragendes Beispiel für die ottonische Herrschaftsarchitektur und mit seiner Einbindung in das weitere Umland und dessen Strukturierung als eigener Reichsbezirk steht Werla zugleich für die veränderte Rolle, die der Harz im politischen Konzept des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts spielte
Deconstructing 3D Structured Materials by Modern Ultramicrotomy for Multimodal Imaging and Volume Analysis Across Length Scales [Research data and source code]
No full textBased on the rapid advances in additive manufacturing, micro-patterned heterostructures of soft materials have become available that need to be characterized down to the nanoscale. Advanced function-structure relationships are designed by direct 3D structuring of the object and – in the future – fine control over material functionality in 3D will produce complex functional objects. To control their design, fabrication and final structure, morphological and spectroscopical imaging in 3D at nanometer resolution are critically required. With examples of carbon-based objects, it is demonstrated how serial ultramicrotomy, that is, cutting a large number of successive ultrathin sections, can be utilized to gain access to the interior of 3D objects. Array tomography, hierarchical imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy can bridge length scales over several orders of magnitude and provide multimodal information of the sample's inner structure. Morphology data derived from scanning electron microscopy are correlated with spectroscopy in analytical transmission electron microscopy and probe microscopy at nanometer resolution, using TEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy and infrared-scanning-near-field microscopy. The correlation of different imaging modalities and spectroscopy of carbon-based materials in 3D provides a powerful toolbox of complementary techniques for understanding emerging functions from nanoscopic structuring
Neural PP Attachment Disambiguation Systems
No full textThis resource contains code for different types of neural PP attachment disambiguation systems:
A disambiguation system inspired by de Kok et al. (2017) but with the ranking loss function.
A disambiguation system with biaffine attention similar to the neural dependency parser in Dozat and Manning (2017).
The systems are described in details in the paper: Do and Rehbein (2020). "Parsers Know Best: German PP Attachment Revisited".
We also include all pre-trained models reported in the paper.</p
Screening for Human Trafficking among Refugees in Germany [Data and Analysis]
No full textBackground: Human trafficking occurs all over the world and its true extent is still unknown. What we know is that the actual number of trafficked persons is significantly higher than the number of registered cases in Europe or anywhere else. Human trafficking is particularly likely among refugees, as they easily fall for false promises due to language barriers, lack of knowledge on the local culture and difficult living conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a screening tool to identify survivors of human trafficking among refugees in a German state registration and reception centre.
Method: In a joint project with the Ministry of Justice of Baden-Württemberg and the Regional Administrative Authority of Karlsruhe (“Regierungspräsidium”), we asked new arrivals at the initial reception centre in Heidelberg on a weekly basis from December 2021 to June 2022 about their experiences with human trafficking. We used a combination of the eight questions of the Adult Human Trafficking Screening Tool and one screening question borrowed from a publication by Mumma et al. to address all forms of exploitation. If trafficking indeed was the case, was validated by face-to-face contacts with forced migrants screened positive.
Results: Overall, 13 of the 176 asylum seekers had experienced trafficking, which corresponded to a prevalence of 7.3%. The dichotomous questionnaire had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 84.0% at a newly selected cut-off of six positive responses. In an exploratory descriptive analysis on subregions, refugees from West Africa had a substantially higher prevalence (33.3%) for trafficking in human beings within our sample and in this subgroup, mainly female refugees were affected by trafficking. In comparison, there were hardly any gender differences in the represented parts of the rest of the world in our study.
Conclusion: The modified form of the AHTST distinguishes reliably those who had experienced human trafficking from other refugees. The high prevalence of trafficking in most regions, regardless of gender, suggests that more effort is needed to identify and protect trafficked persons
Neural Dependency Parser with Biaffine Attention
No full textThis resource contains the code of the dependency parser used in the paper: Fankhauser, et al. (2020). "Evaluating a Dependency Parser on DeReKo".
The parser is a re-implementation of the neural dependency parser from Dozat and Manning (2017).
In addition, we include two pre-trained models on the German dataset of the SPMRL 2014 Shared Task with slightly different POS tags.</p
Ergänzungsmaterial zu: Diachronic Perspectives on Upper Palaeolithic Landscape Accessibility / Jungpaläolithische Landschafts-Akzessibilität im diachronen Vergleich
No full textHunter-gatherer communities are highly dependent on the accessibility of their surrounding landscapes. Relief, as well as the predominant vegetation strongly influence walking speed and thus the size of foraging ranges around camp sites: the catchments.
Throughout the Upper Palaeolithic, landscapes are shaped by various climatic developments, requiring adaptations of subsistence strategies. A diachronic and supra-regional comparison of catchment sizes promises to shed light on such adaptive processes. This study seeks to model Upper Palaeolithic site catchments in consideration of different landcovers, depending on changing climatic conditions in Western and Central Europe. Such large-scale comparisons of catchment sizes have not yet been the topic of extensive research. As we are now able to show, changes in vegetation density led to a greater restriction of catchment sizes. This is partially compensated by the preferred settlement of level regions.
The climatic shift between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late Glacial is known to have various effects on demography, tool technology and the mobility patterns of hunter-gatherer societies. This picture can now be complemented by one additional aspect: the adaptation of mobility as a response to changing landscape accessibility and its impact on land-use
Sedimentological storm and tsunami record of Loch Flugarth, Shetland Islands (UK)
No full textThis dataset comprises the geochemical and sedimentological results of both publications Hess et al., 2023 and Engel et al., 2023.
Hess et al., 2023:
Severe storm flooding poses a major hazard to the coasts of north-western Europe. However, the long-term recurrence patterns of extreme coastal flooding and their governing factors are poorly understood. Therefore, high-resolution sedimentary records of past North Atlantic storm flooding are required. This multi-proxy study reconstructs storm-induced overwash processes from coastal lake sediments on the Shetland Islands using grain-size and geochemical data, and the re-analysis of historical data. The chronostratigraphy is based on Bayesian age–depth modelling using accelerator mass spectrometry 14C and 137Cs data. A high XRF-based Si/Ti ratio and the unimodal grain-size distribution link the sand layers to the beach and thus storm-induced overwash events. Periods with more frequent storm flooding occurred 980–1050, 1150–1300, 1450–1550, 1820–1900 and 1950–2000 ce, which is largely consistent with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation mode. The Little Ice Age (1400–1850 ce) shows a gap of major sand layers suggesting a southward shift of storm tracks and a seasonal variance with more storm floods in spring and autumn. Warmer phases shifted winter storm tracks towards the north-east Atlantic, indicating a possible trend for future storm-track changes and increased storm flooding in the northern North Sea region.
Engel et al., 2023:
Tsunami deposits around the North Sea basin are needed to assess the long-term hazard of tsunamis. Here, we present sedimentary evidence of the youngest tsunami on the Shetland Islands from Loch Flugarth, a coastal lake on northern Mainland. Three gravity cores show organic-rich background sedimentation with many sub-centimetre-scale sand layers, reflecting recurring storm overwash and a sediment source limited to the active beach and uppermost subtidal zone. A basal 13-cm-thick sand layer, dated to 426–787 cal. a CE based on 14C, 137Cs and Bayesian age–depth modelling, was found in all cores. High-resolution grain-size analysis identified four normally graded or massive sublayers with inversely graded traction carpets at the base of two sublayers. A thin organic-rich ‘mud’ drape and a ‘mud’ cap cover the two uppermost sublayers, which also contain small rip-up clasts. Grain-size distributions show a difference between the basal sand layer and the coarser and better sorted storm layers above. Multivariate statistical analysis of X-ray fluorescence core scanning data also distinguishes both sand units: Zr, Fe and Ti dominate the thick basal sand, while the thin storm layers are high in K and Si. Enriched Zr and Ti in the basal sand layer, in combination with increased magnetic susceptibility, may be related to higher heavy mineral content reflecting an additional marine sediment source below the storm-wave base that is activated by a tsunami. Based on reinterpretation of chronological data from two different published sites and the chronostratigraphy of the present study, the tsunami seems to date to c. 1400 cal. a BP. Although the source of the tsunami remains unclear, the lack of evidence for this event outside of the Shetland Islands suggests that it had a local source and was smaller than the older Storegga tsunami (8.15 cal. ka BP), which affected most of the North Sea basin