727 research outputs found
Sort by
Monosynaptic trans-collicular pathways link mouse whisker circuits to integrate somatosensory and motor cortical signals [Research Data]
No full textThis dataset contains electrophysiological spike time data and figure data for anatomical quantifications reported in Martín-Cortecero et al. Monosynaptic trans-collicular pathways for sensory-motor integration in the whisker system
(2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002126.
Abstract:
The superior colliculus (SC), a conserved midbrain-node with extensive long-range connectivity throughout the brain, is a key structure for innate behaviors. Descending cortical pathways are increasingly recognized as central control points for SC-mediated behaviors, but how cortico-collicular pathways coordinate SC activity at the cellular level is poorly understood. Moreover, despite the known role of the SC as a multisensory integrator, the involvement of the SC in the somatosensory system is largely unexplored in comparison to its involvement in the visual and auditory systems. Here, we mapped the input-output properties of the whisker-sensitive region of the SC in mice with transsynaptic and intersectional tracing tools and in vivo electrophysiology. The results reveal a novel trans-collicular connectivity motif by which neurons in motor- and somatosensory cortices impinge onto the brainstem-SC-brainstem sensory-motor arc and onto SC-midbrain output pathways via only one synapse in the SC. Intersectional approaches and optogenetically assisted connectivity quantifications in vivo reveal convergence of motor and somatosensory cortical input on individual SC neurons, providing a new framework for sensory-motor integration in the SC. More than a third of the cortical recipient neurons in the whisker SC are GABAergic neurons, which accommodate hitherto unknown GABAergic projection neurons, targeting thalamic nuclei and the zona incerta. These results pinpoint a whisker region in the SC of mice as a node for the integration of somatosensory and motor cortical signals via parallel excitatory and inhibitory trans-collicular pathways which link cortical and subcortical whisker circuits for somato-motor integration
MaiCuBeDa Hilprecht - Mainz Cuneiform Benchmark Dataset for the Hilprecht Collection
No full textDas Mainz Cuneiform Benchmark Dataset (MaiCuBeDa) beinhaltet Bilder von Keilschrifzeichen, Worten bestehend aus Keilschriftzeichen, Keilschrifzeichenzeilen und annotierten Einzelkeilen basierend auf dem Datenset HeiCuBeDa Hilprecht: https://doi.org/10.11588/data/IE8CCN . Die Annotationen werden in drei verschiedenen Renderings mit Metadaten in CSV und einem Knowledge Graph (RDF) bereitgestellt
Affectionate touch and diurnal oxytocin levels: An ecological momentary assessment study [Research Data]
No full textAbstract: Affectionate touch, which is vital for mental and physical health, was restricted during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study investigated the association between momentary affectionate touch and subjective well-being, as well as salivary oxytocin and cortisol in everyday life during the pandemic. In the first step, we measured anxiety and depression symptoms, loneliness, and attitude toward social touch in a large cross-sectional online survey (N=1,050). From this sample, N=247 participants completed ecologically momentary assessments (EMA) over two days with six daily assessments by answering smartphone-based questions on affectionate touch and momentary mental state and providing concomitant saliva samples for cortisol and oxytocin assessment. Multilevel models showed that on a within-person level, affectionate touch was associated with decreased self-reported anxiety, general burden, stress, and increased oxytocin levels. On a between-person level, affectionate touch was associated with decreased cortisol levels and higher happiness. Moreover, individuals with a positive attitude towards social touch experiencing loneliness reported more mental health problems. Our results suggest that affectionate touch is linked to higher endogenous oxytocin in times of pandemic and lockdown and might buffer stress on a subjective and hormonal level. These findings might have implications for preventing mental burden during social contact restrictions
Topological Field Labeler for German
No full textThis resource contains the code of the topological labeler used in the paper: Do and Rehbein (2020). "Parsers Know Best: German PP Attachment Revisited".
For this tool, labeling topological field is formulated as a sequence labeling task.
We also include in this resource two pre-trained models on the TüBa-D/Z dataset with German SPMRL styled POS tags that are used in the paper.</p
Source Code, Data and Additional Material for the Thesis: "Social Commonsense Reasoning with Structured Knowledge in Text"
No full textUnderstanding a social situation requires the ability to reason about the underlying emotions and behaviour of others. For example, when we read a personal story, we use our prior commonsense knowledge and social intelligence to infer the emotions, motives, and anticipate the actions of the characters in a story. For machines to understand text related to \textit{personal stories and social conversations}, they must be able to make commonsense inferences. While most people can reason deeply about the social implications of the text, it is challenging for natural language processing systems as these implications are often subtle and implicit.
This dissertation argues that NLP systems must learn to reason more explicitly about the underlying social knowledge in text to perform social commonsense reasoning. We divide the above argument into two sub-problems: (i) understanding the underlying social knowledge and (ii) explicitly reasoning about such knowledge for social commonsense reasoning. To address these problems, we propose building NLP systems that integrate neural network based learning with structured knowledge representations.
In the first part of this dissertation, we study the role of structured commonsense knowledge in understanding the social dynamics of characters and their actions in stories. Our motivation behind enriching the model with structured commonsense knowledge is to bridge the gap between surface meanings of texts and the underlying social implication of each event in the stories. We develop a novel model that incorporates commonsense knowledge into neural models and showcases the importance of commonsense knowledge in understanding social dynamics of story characters. Further, we investigate the role of temporal dynamics of story events in understanding social situations. We develop a model that can explicitly learn about \textit{what social event follows another event} from personal narrative stories. We demonstrate that \textit{implicitly} leveraging such temporal knowledge about story events can support social commonsense reasoning tasks.
In the second part of this dissertation, we investigate methods to explicitly reason about the knowledge related to social dynamics of characters (behavior, mental states) and cause/effect of social events. We propose a novel model named as \textit{multi-head knowledge attention} that incorporates such social knowledge into state-of-the-art neural NLP models to address two complex commonsense inference tasks. We demonstrate that our method of incorporating knowledge can improve -- (i) the robustness and the interpretability of the model and (ii) the overall performance of the model compared to other knowledge integration methods. We also aim to investigate social commonsense reasoning as a natural language generation task. We design a story completion task that requires natural language generation models to perform both forward and backward reasoning. We study the role of contextualized commonsense knowledge in natural language generation tasks. We propose a model that jointly learns to generate contextualized inference rules as well as narrative stories. We demonstrate that our model can outperform state-of-the-art non-contextualized commonsense knowledge-based generation models.
We hope that the research presented in this dissertation will open up interesting scopes for future research involving social commonsense reasoning and other related topics
Azaarenes: 13 Rings in a Row by Cyclopentannulation [data]
No full textCyclopentannulation was explored as a strategy to access large, stable azaarenes. Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of previously reported di- and tetrabrominated cyclopentannulated N,N'-dihydrotetraazapentacenes furnished stable azaarenes with up to 13 six-membered rings in a row and a length of 3.1 nm. Their optoelectronic and semi-conducting properties as well as their aromaticity were investigated
Institutional coordination arrangements as elements of policy design spaces
No full textThis study offers insights into the institutional arrangements established to coordinate policies aiming at the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Drawing on the literature on policy design, we highlight institutional arrangements as elements of policy design spaces and contend that they fall into four categories that either stress the political or problem orientation of this activity: optimal, technical, political, and sub-optimal. We use original data on 44 major economies and greenhouse gas-emitting countries to test this expectation. These data capture various properties of national coordination arrangements, including the types of coordination instruments in place, the degree of hierarchy, the lead government agency responsible for coordination, and the scope of cross-sectoral policy coordination. The dataset also captures the degree to which non-state actors are involved in coordination and whether coordination processes are supported by scientific knowledge. Using cluster analysis, we show that the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate policy do indeed fall into the four abovementioned categories. The cluster analysis further reveals that a fifth, hybrid category exists. Interestingly, the political orientation dominates in the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change mitigation, whereas the problem orientation is more important in the arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change adaptation
Early Modern Mining in Southwest China and Highland Southeast Asia [data]
No full textMaterial and analyses on sites of historic silver mining and research papers of the DFG research projects Mining and metallurgy in Southwest China, 14th to 19th centuries” and “Environments, people and mining in the Far Southwest of China since 1500: Cross-disciplinary explorations” / Dokumentationen historischer Bergbaustandorte und Papers aus den DFG-Projekten "Bergbau und Metallurgie in Südwestchina, 14. bis 19 Jahrhundert: Archäo-metallurgische und historisch geographische Untersuchungen" und Umwelt, Gesellschaft und Bergbau im fernen Südwestens Chinas seit 1500
Source code and data for the PhD Thesis "Learning Neural Graph Representations in Non-Euclidean Geometries"
No full textThis dataset contains source code and data used in the PhD thesis "Learning Neural Graph Representations in Non-Euclidean Geometries". The dataset is split into four repositories:
figet: Source code to run experiments for chapter 6 "Constructing and Exploiting Hierarchical Graphs".
hyfi: Source code to run experiments for chapter 7 "Inferring the Hierarchy with a Fully Hyperbolic Model".
sympa: Source code to run experiments for chapter 8 "A Framework for Graph Embeddings on Symmetric Spaces".
gyroSPD: Source code to run experiments for chapter 9 "Representing Multi-Relational Graphs on SPD Manifolds".
</ul
Translation initiation factor eIF3m controls ubiquitination-dependent early elongation pausing of ribosomes
No full textWhile translation initiation is extensively regulated, fewer mechanisms are known to control translation elongation. We discovered that prolonged stimulation of macrophages leads to suppression of protein synthesis at the level of translation elongation, through pausing of ribosomes on the first 20 codons of mRNA open reading frames. Early elongation pausing results from ubiquitination of the translation machinery including the translation initiation factor eIF3m. We demonstrate that eIF3m is required for efficient early elongation in unstimulated macrophages. The mechanism is of general nature, since eIF3m and ubiquitination control early elongation pausing also in cells outside of the immune system. This work uncovers early elongation as a critical phase during which polypeptide synthesis is actively controlled