Niigata University of International and Information Studies (NUIS) Repository / 新潟国際情報大学機関リポジトリ
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A Basic Study of Changes in the English Language Made in Order to Avoid Discrimination : Part One, Sexist Language
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Differences between Online-shoppers and non-shoppers among Web-users
Get PDFインターネット・ユーザーにおける、オンライン購買経験者(オンライン・ショッパー)と非購買者(ノン・ショッパー)の相違について、先行研究を参考に6仮説をたて、インターネット上でアンケート調査を行った。1,520名の回答を分析した検証結果は下記の通りである。H-1オンライン・ショッピング経験率と諸属性の関連度は、人口統計的変数よりもライフスタイル変数の方が高い。-検証不能。H-2専門店・百貨店との距離によりオンライン・ショッピング経験率には差がある。-検証不能。H-3情報機器所有度の高い層は、オンラインショッピング経験率も高い立証。H-4インターネット利用目的によりオンラインションピンク経験率は異なる-立証。H5オンラインショッパーは、革新性(イノベーティフネス)が高い立証。H-6オンライン・ショッパーは合理的購入者である-立証。その他のファインディングで注目すべきことは、(1)オンライン・ショッピングの利用意向は高い。(2)現在、オンライン・ショッピングの未経験者であっても、インターネットで情報収集を行っている者は多い。したがって、情報媒体としてのインターネットは極めて重要である。(3)インターネット上で利用しているサービスの種類にによって、ショッパー比率が異なるから広告管理上、広告出稿計画に当たっては留意が必要である。departmental bulletin pape
Home Teaching in the Early Tokugawa Period
Get PDFThe article written by Professor Alexander Prasol is dealing with problems of home teaching in the early Tokugawa Period. At those times most of children of bushi ("warrior") were educated at home by tutors, in small groups by a Buddhist monk, or by a samurai. The education of a samurai's male children included the martial arts, reading Chinese and Japanese and learning the social skills expected of a gentlemen. For the early part of the Tokugawa Period education was entirely a matter of personal contract between an individual teacher and his pupil. Although central government bakufu prompted fief rulers to open special schools for samurai class, only exceptional daimyo took the idea seriously enough to spend money on building schools. Most of the fief schools were established in the 18th and 19th centuries. These schools usually restricted entrance to the sons of the ruling class. In the most of fief schools leadership was in the hands of Confucian scholars. Instruction was seldom stimulating, and concentrated on learning to read Chinese texts. Learning of Chinese scholar Chu Hsi (Neo-Confucianism) took central place in the teaching of Chinese classics. The education of the non-samurai masses was developing largely in response to an effecitve economic demand and served practical needs. The usual name for the commoner's school was terakoya (literally "house for the children of the temple"). This word reflects the fact, that from the 14th to 16th centuries the Buddhist temples were virtually the only centers for formal education. Most terakoya had one teacher and consisted of one classroom and simple writing and reading practice was the main focus of education. Moral education also played a very important role in the process of training students. Private schools founded by the excellent Confucian scholars also played great role just as in the Heian Period. Most of them were the creation of an individual, often a rarher charismatic scholar who inspired his young students with the ideas of perseverance and managed to instill a sense of discipleship and loyalty. Among the most famous were schools of Kaibara Ekiken, Ito Jinsai, Nakae Toju and Hirose Tanso. In Tokugawa society the family was an economic enterprise and from birth children became apprentices of the family trade. Some families fared better then others and absorbed, as indentured apprentices, the younger sons of other families. Hence in the families of merchants, artisans and artists developed a regular institutionalization of apprenticeship as a system of practical training. The most prominent features of this system are described in the paper presented by Alexander F. Prasol. Until the late Tokugawa Period the family education was virtually the only educational form available for women. The most significant components of this education such as women's ethics, literacy and housekeeping skills are also described in the paper.journal articl
Proposal of the Character-Preserving Mutation and its Effectiveness
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The effects of temporal smoking cessation on performance and physiological parameters during incremental exercise in young smokers
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of temporal smoking cessation on performance and physiological parameters during incremental exercise in eight young male smokers (16.9±7.0 cigarettes per day). Four of the 8 subjects were free to smoke the cigarettes after getting up on the day of first experiment (S : smoking condition) and did not smoke on second experiment (N-S : non-smoking condition), and the other four subjects were carried out in reverse order. Physical performance (endurance time and total work) was tested with braked bicycle ergometer, which work rate was increased every 2 minutes by 180 kgm untill exhaustion under both conditions. Endurance time and total work were significantly increased by 38 sec (3.6%) and 995 kgm (7.9%) under N-S condition as compared with S condition respectively. The Vo_ and blood lactate concentration immediately after exhaustion were same levels under both conditions. However, the resting and exercise heart rate, and ventilation after 10 min (720 kgm/min), Vco_2 after 12 min (900 kgm/min) during incremental exercise were significantly lower under N-S condition than those under S condition. These results suggest that temporal smoking cessation on light smokers dose appear to reduce physiological resposes during incremental exercise at heigher work rate, and to enhance endurance performance.departmental bulletin pape
The stationary analysis for the Queuing system with the limited transaction lost
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to theoretically identify that there exist stationary distributions in the system with the limited transaction lost. In order to examine this type of system, we formulate and analyze the input/output process as the counting process based on point process. Accordingly, we propose the average transit time theoretically in stationary. We presents the simulation and calculation results in order to evaluate the average processing time for this system.journal articl
Study on the feasible conditions for developing GIS by Japanese local government
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A Study of DPR Korea and its Asian neighbors : The 20th century and beyond
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