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"Some writer of Western history ways that Meek's part in history is a fable, and will do to tell 'our children.' It is bigger than a child's story, but beautiful and good to tell to the children if told correctly.

Hewitt, Rosetta W.

JOSEPH L. MEEK
The wonderful romance which gave enchantment to stories of
adventure, hardship, daring deeds and suffering which were en-
countered by those who figured conspicuously, and with considerable
fame, in the early settlement and claiming of Oregon can be told by
a long list of courageous men and women. One of this list who can
never be lost sight of for his fearlessness, courage and good words
and humor is Joseph L. Meek, a mountain man and first Sheriff of
the Provisional Government of old Oregon.
Joseph L. Meek was born in Washington County, Virginia, in
1810, one year before the settlement of Astoria, and at the period
when Congress was much interested in the question of its far western
possessions and their boundaries. "Manifest destiny" seems to have
raised him up with many other bold, hardy and fearless men-
guards and sentinels on the outposts of civilization-securing to the
United States with comparative ease a vast extent of territory for
which without them a long struggle with England would have taken
place. Loyal and faithful historians can not exclude their names
from honorable mention, and very prominent must appear the name
of Joseph L. Meek, the Rocky Mountain hunter and trapper. Mr.
Meek did not try to disguise the fact that he was a mountain man.
He possibly did many things he should not have done, and left un-
done many things he should have done. Still, seeing "Uncle Joe"
good humored, quiet, not undignified, a true citizen of the plains,
one could never accuse him of any very bad qualities.
His pronounciation was southern. He said "bar," "whar," and
"thar," a thorough Virginian, and a blood relation of one our Presi-
dents from the same State. Like many children of southern planters
he received little attention, and was allowed to frequent the negro
quarters, while the alphabet was neglected. He had been sent to
school in a nearby neighborhood where the alphabet was set on a
wooden paddle. Not liking this method of learning he one day hit
the teacher over the head with the paddle and ran home where he
again was allowed to amuse himself with his black associates. He
dressed like them in tow frocks, feet guiltless of shoes or stockings.
When eighteen years of age, becoming weary of neglect and
plantation life, he jumped into a departing wagon and started out for
himself. There was a stepmother in the family. He knew he would
(196)
Joseph L. Meek 197
not be missed, and had no mother's blessing to guide him, "and if
father should grieve the mother would comfort him." He drifted
to St. Louis where he fell in with Mr. Wm. Sublette, who was pur-
chasing an outfit for the Indian country and picking up recruits for
fur hunting service. Joe offered himself and was accepted.
Among the recruits was Robert Newell, a young man about
Joe's age. Their companionship was close and continued as long as
they were mountain men. They both joined the fur trader's service
at the same time, and left their mountain life together, coming to the
Willamette Valley. Their Indian wives were sisters. Robert Newell
was one who figured very prominently in the affairs of Oregon.
One morning when camped near Booneville, Missouri, the boys
were hunting their mules, when they met with an elderly woman
coming from her milking yard with a gourd of milk. Newell made
remarks on the style of the vessel, when she broke out in a sharp
voice, "Young chap, I'll bet you ran off from your mother. Who'll
mend them holes in the elbows of your coat? You're a purty look-
ing chap to go to the mountains among them Injuns. They'll kill
you. You'd better go back home." The thought of home and some
on6 to mend their coats was strongly presented, and many times
thought of after penetrating the unknown wilderness, and there were
many a longing look back as all civilization disappeared.
After twelve years away from all law and refinement, and sick
of fur-trading, Newell decided to quit the mountains and go to the
Willamette Valley and settle down. The glories of the American
fur trading had departed. Meek was at Fort Hall hunting and trap-
ping there for the Hudson's Bay Company. He remembered his
talk with Mrs. Whitman, that fair, courteous, dignified lady, who
had stirred all longing for civilized life. But he had misgivings and
fears. Could he settle down? What could he do? Where could
he go He set out on what proved to be his last trapping trip, met
a: Frenchman who told him he was wanted at Fort Hall by his
friend Newell. Meek hastened to Fort Hall where Newell awaited
him with news and thoughts of a different life. "Come," he said to
Meek, "We are done with this life in the mountains with all its
dangers and solitude, freezing and starving, and Indian fighting. The
American fur trade is dead. Americans are settling the Willamette
Valley and the Hudson's Bay Fur Company is not going to rule this
country. Will you go?"
''I'll go where you go," answered Meek.
"I thought you would. In my way of thinking a white man is
198 Rosetta w. Hewitt
a little better than a Canadian Frenchman. I'll be hanged if I'll
hang around a Hudson's Bay Post."
Then it was settled and Oregon began to increase in real immi-
grants, not fur-traders and missionaries, but true frontiersmen, bord-
ermen.
Meek left his little girl Helen Marr at Whitman Mission under
the tutorship of Mrs. Whitman, who in Meek's estimation was a
saint. Little Helen Marr was a victim of that most horrible of
massacres.
The journey to the "Falls" was no easy one, Meek driving a
five-in-hand team-four horses and a mule. Newell, who owned
the outfit, was mounted as leader. The wagon was the one that Dr.
Whitman had left at Fort Hall. December being far advanced the
weather was impossible, pouring rain, gray dismal skies, no winter
supplies, no place to purchase provisions but at the Hudson's Bay
Company sold at fifty per cent profit. Time was short considering
what was to be done. As for our hero he was a mountain man
and that only. He had no trade, no knowledge of the simplest af-
fairs as to the ordinary way of making a living. He had only his
strong hands and a heart naturally stout and light. His friend
Newell had the advantage in several particulars. He had more book
learning, more business experience and more money, so became a
leader among his associates.
The hardships of mountain life were light compared to this
first winter. Instead of buffalo steak, antelope, and mountain sheep,
our brave hearted pioneers subsisted on boiled wheat. Mountain
men were usually poor, prodigal and not over industrious, so Meek
found it hard to settle down to labor, especially farming.
During the summer the United States Exploring Squadron under
Commodore Wilkes entered the Columbia River to explore the coun-
try in several directions. It was then that Joe Meek found something
to his liking as he was engaged by Wilkes as pilot and servant while
on his many tours through the country.
When at last came just the right time to consider a "divide"
from joint occupancy with the Hudson's Bay Company and the es-
tablishing of American laws for the little colony Meek took the
lead with all the characteristics of a true born American.
In the Legislative Committee were mountain men of which
Newell was one. Meek was appointed as Sheriff of the Provisional
Government of Oregon, then a country without a governor or a
magisterial head and without a treasury to pay the Legislative Com-
Joseph L. Meek 199
mittee except by subscription at the rate of $1.25 per day in orders on
some of the few business firms west of the Rocky Mountains.
The office of sheriff was one great thrill to Mr. Meek as there
were all kinds and conditions of bad Indians and worse white men
to deal with-thefts, murders, distilleries-but with his coolness and
reckless courage combined with his physique he could scare any poor
sinner into submission.
Those who thought themselves the "better portion" of the com-
munity displayed quite an antagonism for Meek on account of his
mountain manners and Indian wife, but found to their great chagrin
that he was becoming of some note in the community. He cared
nothing for their pious prejudices, and they could call him "old Joe
Meek." He well knew that when it came to a point of courage to
get them out of trouble or danger they would come with all courtesy
to "Mr. Meek."
After the Whitman tragedy it was Joe Meek who came to the
rescue of the unprotected settlers in the midst of the enemy. In this
massacre there were fourteen killed and sixty-two held captive.
A mass meeting of citizens was held in Oregon City, the speak-
ers to adopt methods of ways and means. Among them, Meek, his
impatience to avenge the awful deed, was whetted to the breaking
point, as his little Helen Marr was among the captives. But he was
too good a mountain man to give any rash advice. The colony was
small and poor. Where was the where-with-all to carryon the im-
portant measures immediately?
The Legislature undertook a settlement, and resolved to send
a messenger with the account of the massacre to Governor Mason of
California, and through him to the Commander of a United States
Squadron then in the Pacific, asking him to send a vessel of war to
the Columbia River with arms and ammunition. This duty was as-
signed to Jesse Applegate, who with a small party set out to cross
the mountains into California. But they had to return as the snow
was so deep that travel was impossible. Joseph Meek was selected to
travel through the Rockies in mid winter to Washington, D.C. in be-
half of the rights and firesides of the unprotected settlers, who were
surrounded by twenty-thousand savages. Well he realized what it
meant traveling over mountains, through floods and snow, on foot
or horseback, by night and day for two months, but he never faltered
in a cause so righteous.
On the 17th of December he resigned his seat in the House to
make the memorable and historic trip, after performing the sad
200 Rosetta w. Hewitt
rites of burying the dead at Waiilatpu, among them Dr. and Mrs.
Whitman and his own child. To avoid trouble he might meet with
from Indians on the Western side of the Rockies he adopted the red
belt and Canadian cap worn by the employees of the Hudson's Bay
Fur Co. Noone knew better than Meek the character of the Indian
and the power that the Hudson's Bay Fur Company had over them.
While on this trip to Washington he was appointed United States
Marshall of Oregon Territory by President Polk. No office could
have suited him better, and he was always prompt in fulfilling the
duties of his office.
Some writer of \iVestern history says that Meek's part in history
is a fable, and will do to tell "our children." It is bigger than a
child's story, but beautiful and good to tell to the children if told
correctly. "The man of distinction is simple, honest, and a lover of
justice and duty."
ROSETTA W. HEWITT.


English

Joseph L. Meek

234 Book Reviews
dren's Society. This view is a broad one, for the library is one of
the largest of Hawaiiana in existence. After collecting for over a
decade, Mr. George R. Carter in 1920 gave the library, together
with an endowment, to the Society."
The work is divided into four parts: "Chronological List of
Vessels," "Index of Vessels and Persons," "Important Expeditions"
and "Bibliography."
The first part is much more than a mere list. Each entry, be-
ginning with Captain James Cook's discovery of the Islands in 1778,
has information about dates, size of the ship, name of the Captain
and frequently facts of historic value. The index of vessels and
persons is also enriched with statements of fact. It is acknowledged
that the bibliography is not complete but it is as nearly so as could
be made under present conditions. All regions in the Pacific Rim
will be interested in the contents of this pamphlet. It will aid writers
in checking for accuracy when references are made to Pacific voy-
ages from 1778 to 1860. Most of such voyagers reached Hawaii.
Famous Forts of Manitoba. By ROBERT WATSON. (Winnipeg: De-
partment of Education, 1929. Pp. 29).
The cover-title is "Empire Day, 1929" and the introduction is
signed by R. A. Hoey, Minister of Education, and by his deputy, R.
Fletcher. The substance of the pamphlet is by Mr. Watson edi-
tor of The Beaver, issued by the Hudson's Bay Company. The
forts here set forth by word and picture for the schools of Manitoba
are Fort Prince of Wales, York Factory, Norway House, Upper
Fort Garry, and Lower Fort Garry (The Stone Fort), the pamphlet
concluding with four selections of appropriate poetry. This brief
but dependable piece of work may become one of those fugitive
items highly prized by collectors of Northwest Americana.
Forty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology,
1925-1926. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1928.
Pp. 828. $2.75).
The accompanying papers in this report deal with the Osage
Tribe and with tribes east of them. They do not treat of Indians in
the Pacific Northwest. Reference is included here for the benefit
of those who seek information about these important reports as they
appear.


Forty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1925-1926

Announcement

Contents (Articles and Documents) 1906-1929

"It appears to the present reviewer that [the author] has gone forward with his difficult task in a spirit of commendable fairness and industry.

Meany, Edmond S.

68 Book Reviews
be readily used by the student of folktales for his knowledge of
the field shows him what to eliminate. For the non-scientist they
gIve some conception of a people whose culture has practically
vanished.
ERNA GUNTHER
Utah and the Nation. By LELAND HARGRAVE CREER. (Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1929. Pp. 275. $3.00.)
The author is Assistant Professor of History in the University
of Washington. His monograph deals with the relations between
the Federal authorities and the people of Utah from the call of the
Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War to the establishment of a
daily overland mail, expr;essed in year-1846 to 1861. While it is
another study of the American frontier, the author is fully aware
that Utah has been different from most of the other frontier com-
munities. He says in his preface:
"On the other hand, there was much in Utah that was unique.
Here we have a state that grew directly out of the founding of a
new religion. So different from anything that had heretofore been
known was that religion in its practices and pretensions that it was
difficult for any who came in contact with the Mormons to become
reconciled to them or to their creed. Hence, there developed a
deep-seated prejudice against the Mormons which grew in intensity
as their numbers increased and their influence became greater. This
prejudice was early acquired by some of the non-Mormon federal
officials of Utah. It is not unnatural, therefore, to find the relations
between ,these unsympathetic officials and the Mormons, during this
period, highly controversial and complicated."
Such frankness does credit to Professor Creer and it appears
to the present reviewer that he has gone forward with his difficult
task in a spirit of commendable fairness and industry. In addition
to Federal documents, Utah Territorial documents, newspapers,
periodicals and other published materials, he had access to extensive
Mormon Church manuscripts and forty-five manuscript documents
in the Bancroft Library at the University of California. It seems
unlikely that any important source has been overlooked.
The scope and thoroughness of the work may be judged from
the titles of the twelve chapters as follows: "The Birth and Growth
of Mormonism (1820-1846) ," "The Great Basin Before the Com-
ing of ,the Mormons," "The Mormon Battalion," "The State of
Deseret," "The Establishment of the Territory," "The Administra-
Utah and the N (J1tion 69
tion of Brigham Young," "An Impending Crisis," "The Utah War,"
"Investigation and Reconciliation," "Federal Indian Policy," "The
Mountain Meadow Massacre," "Utah and the Overland Mail."
While the main work has to do with the span of years, 1846-
1861, those dates are not restrictive. The first two chapters are in-
troductory and go back as far as 1776 and references are also made
to statehood in 1896. Anyone :vishing to verify the author's fair-
ness should read Chapter XI, "The Mountain Meadows Massacre."
Great controversy has characterized this subject in many discussions
yet Professor Creer has calmly related the details of the tragic event
without bias.
That all the Federal affairs were not prejudiced against the
Monnons is shown by an incident related on pages 109-110. Owing
to reports received and also to the official announcement of the
Church in 1852 respecting the doctrine and practice of polygamy,
there was a strong feeling in the National Capital that a non-Mor-
mon should be appointed to succeed Brigham Young as Territorial
Governor of Utah. It was then that President Pierce offered the
office to Colonel E. J. Steptoe, who had arrived with his command
at Salt Lake City, August 31, 1854, enroute for California. Pro-
fessor Creer says: "Knowing, however, that Governor Young was
the people's choice, the colonel refused to accept the nomination and
joined with all the federal appointees, the officers of his command
and all prominent citizens of the Territory in requesting President
Pierce to reappoint Brigham Young Governor and Superintendent
of Indian Affairs. The President responded by continuing the Mor-
mon leader in office for a second term."
Soon after the above experience in Utah Colonel Edward
Jevnor Steptoe made a permanent place for himself in the history of
Vvashington Territory. On October 27, 1856, he wrote to his sister:
"Do you know where this place is? Look up the Columbia River
on the map till you see its tributary, the Walla Walla, and on this
latter 'The Mission.' About five miles above the last place I am
erecting a Post." That was the real beginning of the City of Walla
Walla, famous as the "Garden City" of Southeastern \iVashington.
In its earliest days it was called "Steptoeville" or "Steptoe City."
On May 17, 1858, Colonel Steptoe with one hundred and thirty
dragoons suffered defeat from a superior force of Indians in a
battle near the present City of Rosalia. The landscape in that vi-
cinity was dominated by Pyramid Peak. That name was changed
to Steptoe Butte and the Indian engagement has since been known
70 Book Reviews
as the Battle of Steptoe Butte. There are also a town and a creek
in Whitman County and rapids in Snake River bearing the name
of Steptoe. It is fortunate that Professor Creer's graceful tribute
to a generous act in Utah should call attention to an officer so ef-
fective on another portion of America's frontier.
EDMOND S. MEANY
The Story of the Red Man. By FLORA WARREN SEYMOUR. (New
York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1929. Pp. 421. $5.00).
Mrs. Seymour has undertaken an enormous work to treat in"
one volume a complete Story of the, Redr Man. She begins with
"Los Indios!" as an exclamation by Columbus and ends with a
Memorial Day celebration at the small Swinomish Reservation on
the shores of Puget Sound. In between are her twenty compact
and informative chapters. The publishers are confident. They say:
"The race epic of the American Indian is told here for the first time.
Here also is a new history of America, for our pageant of pioneering
has never before been presented as it appeared to the Red Man."
Local readers will be especially interested in Chapter XI, '~Ore­
gon Country." It is a charming segment of the "pageant" from
Lewis and Clark to Marcus Whitman and Peter Skene Ogden. If
one be disappointed about the amount of information pertaining to
the numerous tribes in the Oregon Country, he cannot complain
about the quality. Mrs. Seymour has written other books about
Indians and frontiersmen. She was appointed in 1922 a member of
the Board of Indian Commissioners.
The publishers have given the work a beautiful format. There
are thirty-one illustrations and twelve maps. The bibliographical
notes and a copious index are valuable adjuncts.
History of Early Common School Educartion in Washington. By
;THOMAS WILLIAM BIBB. (Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 1929. Pp. 154. $1.50).
This thesis submitted in candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy shows an extensive and painstaking amount of research.
The wDrd "Early" in the title means that the work begins with In-
dians, fur traders, missionaries and settlers and progresses with the
first struggles for schools. The record ends with the admission of
Washington to statehood in 1889. The bibliography reflects Pro-
fessor Bibb's great industry in gathering his materials fr0111 about
every possible source. He has blazed the way and set a rather


Utah and the Nation

"The State of Wyoming is rich in old trails and historic sites. The people are showing determined interest in the plans for placing permanent markers.

Wyoming Landmark Commission 79
Mr. Hodge will serve as advisory editors. The publications will be
available only to members of the Society.
Wyoming Landmarll Commission
The State of Wyoming is rich in old trails and historic sites.
The people are showing determined interest in the plans for placing
permanent markers. In 1927 the Legislature enacted a law to
provide for the Historical Landmark Commission of Wyoming,
clothing it with ample power to acquire the necessary lands even
to the extent of condemnation, known in some laws as "eminent
domain."
The Commission has just issued its first Biennial Report show-
ing a commendable amount of work already accomplished. One
of the sites sought as a permanent possession of the State is Old
Independence Rock, spoken of as "one of the great natural monu-
ments along the old Oregon Trai1." Names of hundreds of emi-
grants are still discernable, though many of them were traced on
the old Rock in the early '40's. The natural monument, and the
site of old Fort Laramie (as well as the sites of other frontier
forts) are in private ownership. Efforts are being made to acquire
them for the State.
The members of this first Commission are R. S. Ellison, chair-
man; J. S. Weppner, secretary, and Warren Richardson, treasurer.
John C. Lawrence
Mr. J. Orin Oliphant of the State Normal School at Cheney,
received in trust from the late John C. Lawrence, a carefully pre-
pared manuscript entitled: "The Story of My Life." It was to
be given into the custody of the State Library at Olympia. Mr.
Lawrence has there recorded his forty years' of experiences in
and around Garfield, Eastern Washington. He was a pioneer in
educational work, an officer in the United States Land Office in
Waterville, and later a member of the Washington State Railroad
Commission. His last work was begun on January 2, 1922, with
the Washington Co-operative Egg and Poultry Association at Win-
lock. In the last part of his book, Mr. Lawrence had placed
twenty-one poems he had written from time to time.
Sixty-five Years of Wedded Life
On August 18, 1929, felicitations passed between Olympia and
Portland while two pioneer couples were celebrating the sixty-fifth
anniversary of their weddings. Mr. and Mrs. William M. Blakeley


Wyoming Landmark Commission

"Charles Edward Gordon, now sixty-seven years of age, has settled in Seattle…

80 News Department
of Pendleton, had gone to Portland for their celebration. Many
of their relatives live in or near that city. They were married in
Brownsville, Oregon, on August 18, 1864. On that same day Mr.
and Mrs. Christopher Simmons were married in Seattle. Since
then they have lived near Olympia. Mr. Simmons was born on the
north shore of the Columbia River in 1844 while the Pacific North-
west was under the Provisional Government of Oregon.
Pioneer of Alaska
Charles Edward Gordon, now sixty-seven years of age, has set-
tled in Seattle, his present address being 1912 Ninth Avenue. He
has had experiences in many parts of the world but a large part of
his life has been spent in Alaska. He was among the earliest gold
discoverers at Nome. He did not keep a diary but he has a keen
memory and is now writing for the benefit of those who may care
for the exciting history of which he has been a part.
Teacher from Hawaii
Prof. R. S. Kuykendall, Executive Secretary, Historical Com-
mission, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, sends the follow-
ing item by way of J. Neilson Barry of Portland, Oregon.
George T. Allan, one of the agents of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany in Honolulu, wrote to G. P. Judd, Minister of the Interior, a
letter dated May, 3, 1845, saying, "We shall feel extremely obliged
to you and also Dr. McLoughlin by your .procuring a Teacher to
go in the Cowlitz." The letter is found in the Archives of Hawaii,
Interior Department, Letter book No.1, p. 31, and in the same
source, page 36, is found the reply from G. P. Judd to George T.
Allan, dated at Honolulu, May 13, 1845, as follows:
"The bearer, Wm. R. Kaulehelehe, is the teacher whom I have
procured to go to the Columbia agreeably with the request of Dr.
McLoughlin made through you. His wife accompanies him. Al-
though not as well qualified as the person at first selected, I hesitate
not to give him a good character and high recommendation as a
faithful, industrious skilful Teacher, and in regular standing as a
member of the Church. He will be competent to act as Chaplain
to the Hawaiians in the Columbia. Mary L. Kaai, his wife, is high-
ly recommended to me by Mrs. Knapp and I have no doubt will
prove herself highly useful. To the especial care of the Hon. H.
B. Co. I beg leave particularly to recommend them both."
The Cowlitz sailed from Honolulu, May 15, 1845.


Pioneer of Alaska

~be
Wa~btngton J}t~tortcal ~uarterlp
«:ontributing ~bitot~
CLARENCE B. BAGLEY, Seattle WILLIAM S. LEWIS, Spokane
W. P. BONNEY, Tacoma EDWARD McMAHON, Seattle
T. C. ELLIOTT, Walla Walla J. ORIN OLIPHANT, Cheney
H. C. FISH, Ellensburg O. B. SPERLIN, Seattle
F. W. HOWAY, New Westminster, B. C.
~anaging ~bitot
EDMOND S. MEANY
J§u~int~~ ~anagtt
CHARLES W. SMITH
VOL. XXI. NO.2
ISSUED QUARTERLY
Two Dollars per Year
t:onttnt~
APRIL,I930
F. 'V. Howay .. , A Yankee TraIler on tile Nortllwest
Coast, 1791-1'1'95 83
Mary A. Gray Settlement of the Claims in Wasllington
of tile Hndson's Bay Company and the
Pnget's Sound Agricultural Compa'!-y. llG
Carroll H. Wooddy ,PopullHm In 'Vashingtou: A Study of the
Legislature of 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
O. B. Sperlln 'I'wo Kootenay 'Vomen Masquerading as
)Ien? Or Were Tiley One? 120
W. Foster Hidden , .History of Brick l\Iuklng in and Around
Vancouver 131
C. S. Kingston The North Idaho Annexn.tion Issue 133
Doenments-Startlng the Government of Wasllington 'I'errltory,
Proclamation by Governor Isaac I. Stevens....................... 138
Book Review8 ,................................. 142
News Department , 1116
THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
UNIVERSITY STATION
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Entered as second-class matter. November 15, 1906, at the Postoffice at
Seattle, Washington, under the act of Congress of July 16, 1894
ttbt Wasbington Wnibtrsit!'
~tatt J)istorical ~otitt!'
Officers and Board of Trustees
CLARENCE B. BAGLEY, President
SAMUEL HILL
PROFESSOR EDMOND S. MEANY, Secretary
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON


Officers and Board of Trustees

"A commission of five prominent churchmen made a survey of matters pertaining to religious rights and expressed the hope that this report would be informative to the large committee in America who sent them.

152 Book Reviews
"Part 1. Th~ Revolutionary War and the Struggle for Eco-
nomic Independence, 1775-1820.
"Part II. Economic Expansion, 1820 to the Civil War.
"Part III. Economic Expansion Since the Civil War."
Appendixes and indexes add greatly to the usefulness of the
book as a tool for intensive study.
A Guide to the Principal Sources for Early A'I1Wrican Histor'j1
(1600-1800) in the City of New York. By EVARTS B. GREENE
and RICHARD B. MORRIS. (New York: Columbia University
Press, 1929. Pp. 357. $7.50).
The title clearly shows the scope of this book as an adequate
tool for those working in New York in the important field of early
American history. The materials listed and appropriately arranged
are starling in amount and value. The limitations of dates preclude
the listing of materials relating directly to the Pacific Northwest.
Roumania Ten Years After. _By THE AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON
RELIGIOUS RIGHTS AND MINORITIES. (Boston: The Beacon
Press, Inc., 1929. Pp. 143).
A commission of five prominent churchmen made a survey of
matters pertaining to religious rights and expressed the hope that
this report would be informative to the large committee in America
who sent them but also of "constructive suggestion to the Rou-
manian government when it has had an opportunity to see how the
situation looks to outside and imprejudiced persons."
Europe: A History of Ten Years. By RAYMOND LESLIE BUELL.
(New York: The Macmillan Company, 1929. Pp.452. $2.00).
The author has been Resea~ch Director of the Foreign Policy
Association since 1927. He has had extensive academic experience
and is the author of a number of other books, mostly on international
relations. This book, dealing with Europe since the World War,
has had five printings since its first appearance in September, 1928.
That fact is eloquent of its merits.' The present edition is revised
with addition of new materials.
Captain CookSesquic:erilt>ennial, Hcuwaii 1928. By ALBERT PIERCE
TAYLOR, LIBRARIAN, Archives of Hawaii. (Honolulu: Captain
Cook Sesquicentennial Commission and the Archives of Hawaii
! .' Commission, 1929; Pp; 105).
Great care and labor have gone into this record of the elaborate.


Roumania Ten Years After

"The table of contents is practically a syllabus and shows the careful, systematic method of the author's study. He is evidently of the Boaz school of workers in this field.

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