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"This organization held a brilliant and successful celebration of the anniversary of the great Seattle fire of June 6, 1889.

NEWS DEPARTMENT
Work of Professor Golder.
Professor Frank A. Golder, of the history department at the
State College of Washington, is achieving brilliant success in col-
lecting materials in Europe for the Hoover Collection at Stanford
University. He has entered upon his second year of this important
work. In the American Historical Review for April, 1921, he had
an article on "The American Civil War Through the Eyes of a
Russian Diplomat," which is well worth while. The diplomat was
Edouard de Stoeckl, who is especially remembered on the Pacific
Coast for his part in the American negotiations to purchase Alaska.
Professor Golder got his materials for the article while preparing
for the Carnegie Institution of Washington his Guide to the Ma-
terials for American History in Russian Archives, published in
Washington in 1917.
Courses on the History of Alaska.
Victor J. Farrar, whose research work in western history is
well known to readers of this Quarterly, has undertaken to give
courses in the history of Alaska in the University of Washington,
beginning with the second term of the Summer Quarter.
Inland Empire Pioneers' Association.
The annual meeting was held at Walla Walla on June 14, 1921.
The principal speaker was Professor John Horner of the Oregon
State College. Brief talks were also given by Professor Louis F.
Anderson of Whitman College and Mrs. Alvina Baumeister. In-
vitations were sent out by Ben Burgunder, President, and Miss
Helen McCarthy, Secretary.
Associates of Eighty-Nine.
This organization held a brilliant and successful celebration of
the anniversary of the great Seattle fire of June 6, 1889. Among
other events was the placing of a bronze tablet at the place where
the fire began, the southwest corner of Madison and first Avenue.
This was done by the survivors of the Volunteer Fire Department.
The speaker on this occasion was L. C. Gilman. Six hundred
"Eighty-Niners" attended the dinner in the evening.
(239)
240 News Department
Pioneer Associaltion of the State of Washington.
The annual meetings were held on June 7 and 8, 1921. The
principal speaker was Judge W. P. Bell, of Snohomish County.
William P. Bonney of Tacoma was elected President; Leander
Miller, Vice-President; Hillman F. Jones, Secretary; William M.
Calhoun, Treasurer; Rev. A. Atwood, Chaplain; Rolland H. Den-
ny, Leander Miller, Mrs. Bertha Piper Venen, Henry L. Denny and
Willis G. Ames, Trustees. All the trustees are of Seattle except
Mr. Ames whose address is Port Orachard.
L~ndnwrks at Nisqually.
The State Federation of Women's Clubs became the guests of
the Dupont Women's Club for one afternoon for a luncheon and
dedication of the old historic buildings of Fort Nisqually, first'
home of white men on Puget Sound. Visitors were pleasantly
surprised to find that the Dupont Powder Company, new owners
of the property, had marked most of the buildings which are to be
saved for their historic values. In placing the placards the com-
pany had been assisted by W. P. Bonney; and others of the Wash-
ington State Historial Society. A few days after the celebration the
grounds were visited by Clarence B. Bagley and Ezra Meeker of
Seattle, George H. Himes of Portland and sons of Edward Hug-.
Professor in the University of Washington. They will be welcomed·
gins, last representative of the Hudson's Bay Company and the
Puget Sound Agricultural Company. Mr. Huggins had become an
American citizen and secured the old fort for his homestead.
These visitors pointed out a number of spots worth marking. It is
a pleasure to record the interest in these matters by the new owners
of the land.
New Professors of History.
Two men have been added to the history staff in the University
of Washington. Henry Stephen Lucas, at present an instructor
at the University of Michigan, where he obtained the Doctor of
Philosophy degree in 1921, is a specialist in Medical History. He
has had valuable experience in Europe. 1 f,.. O. Larsen finished
his work as a Rhodes scholar at Oxford in 1914. He was engaged
in various forms of war work, chiefly in Denmark. After the ar-
mistice he became Professor of Greek and Latin in Concordia Col-
lege. When appointed to the faculty of the University of Wash-
ington, he was doing graduate work at Harvard University. His
specialty is Ancient History. Each man has the rank of Assistant
to their new field of work in October.


English

Associates of Eighty-Nine

"The pioneers in Pacific County held their annual reunion near South Bend.

314 News Department
General Stevens participated in a celebration of his achievement on
the mountain and identified the site of that historic camp. Mr. A.
H. Albertson drew the design for a large memorial seat to be con-
structed of native rocks at the site so visitors can sit and look direct-
ly at the route followed in making the ascent. I
Peace Portal I'
One of the most interesting recognitions of history in the
Pacific Northwest was the dedication, on September 6, 1921, of
the Peace Portal on the Canadian boundary. An account of the cer- I' )
emonies is given elsewhere in this issue.
Vancouver Cruise
From August 23 to 27, a party of thirty interested in history
cruised over the route followed by 'Captain George Vancouver in
1792 when he discovered and explored Puget S,ound. Major E. S.
Ingraham in his little steamer Volante furnished the means of trans-
portation. Mrs. Fred. Wonser originated and managed the expe-
dition. Professor Edmond S. Meany, on board the boat and at each
evening's campfire on shore, discussed the historic places visited.
Pioneer Meeting
The pioneers in Pacific County held their annual reunion near
South Bend. The principal speaker was Mr. Frederick V. Holman,
of Portland, Oregon, who was born in Pacific County while it was
still a part of Oregon, mother of the Northwestern States.
Death of a Pioneer
Mr. Jacob A. Meyers, of Meyers Falls, sends the information
that John Victor Campbell died at Lillooet, British Columbia, on
February 19, 1921. Mr. Campbell was a member of the Sinclair
party, an overland emigration along the old Hudson's Bay Company
route from Manitoba to Spokane in ,1854. His reminiscences were
recorded by William S. Lewis of Spokane and Eublished in this
Quarterly, Volume VII., pages 187-201. Mr. Campbell's portrait
and a brief biography appeared in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer May
31, 1916. A son, Duncan Campbell, lives at Ronan Montana. An
adopted daughter, Mrs. Lizzie Wing, wrote to Mr. Meyers that
pioneers assembled from many places to pay their last respects to
their old companion.


Pioneer Meeting

Cover

Officers and Board of Trustees

"California has had a history quite as dramatic and colorful as that of any other State in the Union. The frenzy and excitement following the great gold rush of 1849 called into being the Vigilance Committee of 1851.

Meany, Edmond  S.

BOOK REVIEWS
History of the San Francisco Committe of Vigilance of 1851. By
MARY FLOYD WILLIAMS.. (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1921. Pp. 543. $5.00.)
Papers of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1851.
Edited by MARY FLOYD WILLIAMS. (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1919. Pp.906 $5.00.)
California has had a history quite as dramatic and colorful
as that of any other State in the Union. The frenzy and excitment
following the great gold rush of 1849 called into being the Vigilance
Committee of 1851. The work accomplished was vigorous and
effective as against wrong-doers. Since that time it has been a
live theme of conversation and writing by Californians everywhere.
As may be easily inferred from the above titles, the records
are now set forth in type for the enlightenment of the present
reader and for the use of all future historians. The larger of
the two books contains the minutes, miscellaneous papers, financial
accounts and vouchers of the Committee. The volume is thorough-
ly indexed making the mine of information quickly available. This
work is Volume 4 of the "Publications of the Academy of Pacific
Coast History."
The other volume is a history based upon the documents men-
tioned above and upon other prime sources. The author records
one source of her inspiration for the monumental work on the
dedicatory page as follows: "To the memory of my father, Edward
C. Williams, a Lieutenant in Stevenson's Regiment and a loyal
citizen of California from 1847 to 1913." In addition to inspiration
Miss Williams has had an abundance of intelligent industry. Her
books will live and serve.
On page 416, we read: "During the years 1855 to 1870 gold
rushes like that of 1849 sent prospectors by the thousands into
Idaho, Montana, Eastern Washington, and Oregon." These ex-
periences are briefly discussed and other references to the north-
lands are made. The great bulk of the book, of course, deals with
California. This work is Volume 12 of the "University of Cali-
fornia Publications in History." Professor Herbert E. Bolton 1S
the general editor of both series of publications.
EDMOND S. MEANY.
(67)


History of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1851

"The annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association was held in Portland, Oregon, November 25th and 26th.

NEWS DEPARTMENT
Historical Association Meeting.
The annual meting of the Pacific; Coast Branch of the Ameri-
can Historical Association was held in Portland, Oregon, November
25 and 26th, Professor Robert Carlton Clark, of the University of
Oregon, presiding.
During' the Friday session papers were read by Miss Olive
Kuntz, of Reed College, who received a Ph. D. degree in History
at the University of Washington last year and Professor Richard
F. Scholz, now President of Reed College, who had been for the
past two years Professor of Ancient History in the University of
\Vashington.
The Association adopted a ·resolution in which it voiced ap-
proval of the plan for a reduction of armament offered by Mr.
Hughes, Secretary of State; and expressed their hope for a settle-
ment of future international disputes "by orderly process rather
than by the destructive and irrational methods \of war". The
Association also adopted a resolution endorsing the movement for
the reconstruction of the old Hudson Bay Stockade at Vancouver,
V\Tashington.
The University of Washington was represented at this meeting
by Professor Oliver H. Richardson and Professor Henry S.· Lucas.
For the year 1921-22 Professor Payson Jackson Treat, of Stan-
ford University, was elected President. To the Council of the Asso-
ciation were added Professor Henry S. Lucas, of the University of
\Vashington and Dr. Olive Kuntz, of Reed College.
Searching County Records.
The time is coming when th; official records at county court
houses in the Pacific Northwest will be carefully searched for
genealogical and historical information. Newspapers, pamphlets
and memories of pioneers have thus far furnished the main sources
for research. County, city and state archives slowly grow in the
meantime. It has been the same way in the older communities
where many studies of the official records are now being made.
One interesting evidence of this condition is The County Court
Note-Book, published at Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland.
Volume 1., No. 1 of' this "Little Bulletin of History and Genealogy"
(78)


Historical Association Meeting

"The time is coming when the official records at county court houses in the Pacific Northwest will be carefully searched for genealogical and historical information.

NEWS DEPARTMENT
Historical Association Meeting.
The annual meting of the Pacific; Coast Branch of the Ameri-
can Historical Association was held in Portland, Oregon, November
25 and 26th, Professor Robert Carlton Clark, of the University of
Oregon, presiding.
During' the Friday session papers were read by Miss Olive
Kuntz, of Reed College, who received a Ph. D. degree in History
at the University of Washington last year and Professor Richard
F. Scholz, now President of Reed College, who had been for the
past two years Professor of Ancient History in the University of
\Vashington.
The Association adopted a ·resolution in which it voiced ap-
proval of the plan for a reduction of armament offered by Mr.
Hughes, Secretary of State; and expressed their hope for a settle-
ment of future international disputes "by orderly process rather
than by the destructive and irrational methods \of war". The
Association also adopted a resolution endorsing the movement for
the reconstruction of the old Hudson Bay Stockade at Vancouver,
V\Tashington.
The University of Washington was represented at this meeting
by Professor Oliver H. Richardson and Professor Henry S.· Lucas.
For the year 1921-22 Professor Payson Jackson Treat, of Stan-
ford University, was elected President. To the Council of the Asso-
ciation were added Professor Henry S. Lucas, of the University of
\Vashington and Dr. Olive Kuntz, of Reed College.
Searching County Records.
The time is coming when th; official records at county court
houses in the Pacific Northwest will be carefully searched for
genealogical and historical information. Newspapers, pamphlets
and memories of pioneers have thus far furnished the main sources
for research. County, city and state archives slowly grow in the
meantime. It has been the same way in the older communities
where many studies of the official records are now being made.
One interesting evidence of this condition is The County Court
Note-Book, published at Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland.
Volume 1., No. 1 of' this "Little Bulletin of History and Genealogy"
(78)
79 Memorial Trees
has' just been received by this Quarterly. The editor is Mrs. Mil-
nor Ljungstedt. Her program is that of an earnest, intelligent and
industrious gleaner in out-of-the-way corners for items that will
. serve both causes of genealogy and history. The work is now be-
ing done in the counties bordering both sides of the Mason and
Dixon Line, although the editor has formerly searched similar rec-
ords in other states. The little journal costs but one dollar a year.
Memorial Trees.
Armistice Day bids fair to become a great tree-planting day in
America. Here in the Northwest educational institutions hav,e all
observed that feature of the anniversary by planting trees in mem-
ory of former students and graduates who gave their lives in the
World War. By far the greatest effort in that line in 1921 was
the beginning made on the planting of one thousand elms' along
the highway between Seattle and Tacoma. The beauty of the years
held in such an achievement is different to anticipate' at the time of
planting the trees.
Ninety-first Birthday.
Ezra Meeker, famous as the marker of the Oregon Trail, had
a public celebration of his ninety-first birthday in Seattle on De-
cember 29, 1921. The Borrowed Time Club members were special
guests. The occasion was made memorable by several happy
speeches and the singing of old-time songs.
Interest in Idaho History.
Mr. John S. Richards, Librarian of the Idaho Tedmical In-
stitute, Pocatello, and Miss Gantt, City Librarian of the same place,
took the initiative to centralize the local interest in history. A meet-
ing was assembled and enough interest was manifested to go ahead
with the efforts, which may result in the foundation of a branch
of the Idaho State Historical Society. They have begun to collect
manuscripts and other materials of historical value.
Historical Relic at Whitman College.
Dr. Howard R. Keylor, a member of the Board of Overseers
of Whitman College, has presented the museum of that institution
an interesting relic. The Whitman College Pioneer describes it as
the swivel end of a brass howitzer which was used by the Oregon


Searching County Records

"Historical students everywhere were saddened at the opening of the present year (January 22) by the announcement of the death of James Bryce…

McMahon, Edward

JAMES BRYCE-A TRIBUTE
Historical students everywhere were saddened at the opening
of the present year (January 22) by the announcement of the death
of J ames Bryce-Viscount Bryce, to speak more accurately-but
he will always be remembered affectionately in America as James
Bryce. Bryce like so many of the familiar British type was a many-
sided public man but he will be most widely known in America
perhaps because of his studies in history and government. Son
of a school teacher, born in Ireland, educated in Scotland and Eng-
land, he began life as a lawyer and was then called back to Oxford
as Regius professor of civil law. At the age of 26 he made a name
for himself by his prize composition, The Holy Roman Empire,
'which is still the standard work in its field. His great work The
American Com11'wnwealth (1888, revised 1910) was'the first serious
study of the American government from the standpoint of the
historian and constitutional lawyer. It became a classic at once
and was very widely used as a text book in colleges and universi-
ties. Serious scientific study of our government may be said to
begin with Bryce. His Studies in History and Jurisprudence ap-
peared in 1901, followed two years later by Studies in Contempor-
ary Biography. In 1897 following a visit to South Africa he pub-
lished a volume of Impressions that had a large influence in Lib-
eral circles when the Boer War was being discussed. A similarly
illuminating volume on South Americal recorded his observations
there. Perhaps his crowning work was Modern Democracies which
was produced at the age of eighty-three. As late as August 1921
Bryce delivered eight lectures before the Institute of Politics at
V/illiams College on International Relations, and in the same year
as first occupant of the Chair of American History, Literature
cl11d Institutions founded by the Anglo-American Society rendered
a brilliant interpretation on The Study of American History.
The versatility of the man is evidenced by activities in other
lines. In early life he became an expert alpinist, and published a
scientific volume on The Flora of the Island of Armn. In 1880,
Bryce was elected to Parliament as a Liberal, later he became in.
rapid succession, under secretary for foreign affairs, chancellor of
the duchy of Lancaster, president of the Board of Trade, chairman
(105)
106 Edward McMahon
of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education, chief secretary
for Ireland, and finally British Ambassador at Washington.
As Ambassador Bryce took leave of party politics and his
work in this capacity entitled him to be regarded as one of the real
builders of a better civilization. "If every nation could send to
every other nation an ambassador who understood and loved both
his home country and the country to which he was accredited as
James Bryce knew and loved Great Britain and the United States,
nothing could be more difficult than to start a war * * * With Bryce
there could be neither patronizing not' obsequiousness; any class
melted away in the sun of his geniality, his humor, his common
sense, and his abiding friendliness."
As Americans we owe him an additional measure of gratitude
for his pioneer work in the study of our institutions. Every
thoughtful student should read his American Commonwealth and
huld in grateful remembrance its author's name-James Bryce,
scholar, historian, statesman.
EDWARD McMAHON.


James Bryce, a Tribute

"My father was Angus MacDonald, a clerk and chief trader of the Hudson's Bay Company who was later prominent settler of Montana and died in that state in 1889.

Williams, Christina  M. M.

The Daughter of Angus MacDonald

"It is proposed to continue this series of articles until all of the important geographic names in the State are published.

Meany, Edmond S.

ORIGIN OF WASHINGTON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
[Continued from Volume XIII., Page 56.]
SKIPJACK ISLAND, north of Waldron Island, in the north cen-
tral part of San Juan County. The Wilkes Expedition, 1841, chart-
ed two small islands as "Ship Jack Islands." (Hydrography, Vol-
ume XXIII., Atlas, chart 77.) The United States Coast Survey
in 1853 noted th~ contrast in their covering and charted the larger
as "Wooded" and the smaller as "Bare" Island. (Captain George
Davidson: Pacific Coast Pilot, page 558.) Captain Richards, in
1858-1859, restored the original name for the larger island and
changed the name of the smaller one to "Penguin Island." (Brit-
ish Admiralty Chart 2689.) The United States Coast and Geodetic
Survey Chart 6300 retains the "Skipjack" name for the larger
island but rejects the name "Penguin" for the other which is now
Bare Island. There are several species of fish which go by the
common name of "Shipjack", which probably accounts for the
origin of this name.
SKILKANTIN, see Stemilt Creek.
SKI- ou or SYUE POINT, at the southeast entrance to Tulalip
Bay, in the west central par1l of Snohomish County. "Skyu" is the
Indian word for dead body. In primitive times, the point was the
site of an Indian cemetery. The place is often called "Dead Man's
Point." (Charles M. Buchanan, of Tulalip, in Names MSS. Letter
155.)
SKOHOMISH RIVER, rising in the Olympic mountains and flow-
ing into Hood Canal at Union, in the northwestern part of Mason
County, was named "Black Creek" by the Wilkes Exploring Ex-
pedition, 1841. (Narrative, Volume IV., page 411) This was prob-
ably intended as an honor for the trader Black at one of the north-
ern posts. Captain Wilkes wrote: "To Mr. Black the world is in-
debted for the greater part of the geographical knowledge which
has been published of the country west of the Rocky Mountains."
(Narrative, Volume IV., page 369.) That name did not persist.
The present Indian name means '''river people", from kaw, "fresh
water" and mish, "people", (Myron Eells in American Anthropol-
ogist for January, 1892.)
(122)
Origin of Washington Geographical Names 123
SKOOKUMCHUCK RIVER, in the southern part of Thurston
County and the northwestern part of Lewis County, flowing into
the Chehalis River near Centralia. In one spelling or another, the
name appears on the earliest Territorial maps of Washington.
S',ookum, is a Chehalis Indian word meaning "strong" and Chuck is
a Chinook Indian word meaning "water". Both words are in the
Chinook Jargon and the name as applied means swift river.
SKULL ROCK, in Massacre Bay, West Sound, Orcas Island, in
San Juan County. See Massacre Bay.
SKWA-KWE-I, see Port Discovery.
SKYKOMISH RIVER, rises in the Cascade Range and flows
through the southern part of Snohomish County. Near Monroe it
joins with the Snoqualmie River forming the Snohomish River. The
Bureau of American Ethnology says the Indian name comes from
slwikh, m~aning "inland" and mish, "people". (Handbook of
American Indians, Volume II., page 591.) There have been many
spellings of the word. Captain George B. McClellan referred to it
as "Skywhamish." (Pacific Railroad Reports, Volume I., chapter
18, page 200.)
SEAL-ATI,-ATL-'l'UL-HU, see Hoodsport.
SLAUGHTER, see Auburn.
SLAUGHTER COUNTY, see Kitsap County.
SLAWNTEHUS RIVER, see Colville River.
SLIP POINT, at Clallam. Bay, in the northwestern part of Clallam
County. "Very broken-up formation and slides frequently occur."
(Postmaster at Clallam Bay in Names MSS. Letter 265.)
SLUP-PUKS, an Indian name for the site of Marysville. (Charles
M. Buchanan, in Names MSS, Letter 155.)
SMALL Pox BAY, on the west coast of San Juan Island, "direct-
ly across the island from Friday Harbor. Many Indians infected
,.v'ith the disease at Victoria died there. Their bodies were burned
\vith kerosene by American officers in 1860." (E. P. Osbourne, in
manuscript in Pacific Marine Station.)
SMALOCIIO, see Greenwater River and White River.
SMITH COVE, a part of Seattle Harbor, King County, named in
honor of Dr. Henry A. Smith, the pioneer who settled there in 1853.
124 Edmond S. Meany
(Frederic James Grant, History of Seattle, page 432.) The Wilkes
Expedition, 1841, had called it "Quartermaster Cove". (Hydro-
graphy, Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 92.)
SMITH CREEK, a small stream flowing into Lake Whatcom in
the western part of Whatcom County, named for the pioneer, T. J.
Smith, who settled there in 1884. Mr. Smith was the pioneer hard-
ware merchant in what is now Bellingham. (J. D. Custer, of Park,
in Names MSS. Letter 209.) There are at least three other streams
in the State with the same name, in Lewis, Pacific and Skamania
Counties.
SMITH ISLAND, at the eastern extremity of the Strait of Juan
de Fuca, in the west central part of Island County. Its main use is
tor the location of a powerful and important light and foghorn
The Wilkes Expedition, 1841, named it "Blunt's Island," an honoI
for Midshipman Simon F. Blunt, of t~e expedition. (Hydrography,
Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 77.) The Spanish Captain Francisco
Eliza had named the group "Islas de Bonilla," in honor of Antonio
de Bonilla. (United States Public Documents, Serial Number 1557,
chart K.) The present name for Smith Island was probably intro-
duced by the Hudson's Bay Company. (J. G. Kohl, in Pacific Rail-
road, Reports, Volume XII., chapter 15, page 272.) Captain George
Davidson, of the United States Coast Survey, found the name in
use in 1858 and placed it upon the official charts. (United States
P'ublic Documents, Serial Number 1005, pages 429-430.)
SMITH ISLAND, another island by this name is in the mouth of
the Snohomish River, between Everett and Marysville. It was nam-
ed for Dr. Henry A. Smith, who, in 1864, secured 600 acres of land
there to carry out one of his ideas that reclaimed tide-lands would
he profitable. By a system of dikes he reclaimed 75 acres. (H.
K. Hines, History of Washington, page 468.)
SMITHFIELD, see Olympia.
SMOKESTACKS, City of, see Everett.
SMYRNA, in the southern part of Grant County, named by the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company after the port on
the Aegean Sea. (Vice President H. R. Williams, in Names MSS.
Letter 530.)
Origin of Washington Geographical Names 125
SNAG POINT, in the Columbia River, near its mouth, mentioned
by that name in Lieutenant Howison's "Report on Oregon, 1846"
in the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Societ)/, Volume XIV.,
page 17.
SNAKE INDIANS and SNAKE COUNTRY. Early travellers used
these terms for the natives and the region where flows the river
now known as the Snake River. David Thompson, of the North-
west Company of Montreal, uses the term for the natives in 1811,
but he calls the river "Shawpatin." (Narrative, Champlain Society
edition. pages 492 and 526.) John Work, of the Hudson's Bay
Company, mentions the Snake people and Snake Country, in 1825.
("Journal" in Washington Historical Quarterly, Volume V., pages
96, 101, 111.) Peter Skeen Ogden, of the Hudson's Bay Company,
mentions the Snake Country in 1826. (Quarterly of the Oregon
Historical Society, Volume XL, page 204.)
SNAKE RIVER, the greatest tributary of the Columbia River,
enters that stream between Wallula and Pasco, forming the boundary
between Walla Walla and Franklin Counties. Names in wide div-
ergence have been used for the river. On August 21, 1805, Captain
William Clark named it Lewis River, in honor of his colleague,
Captain Meriwether Lewis. (Elliott Coues, History of the Lewis
and Clark Expedition, Volume II., page 528.) This happened at
one of the sources now known as Lemhi River, which flows into
Snake River. As the travellers later came upon the larger river
they called it by the Indian name "Kimooenim." Later they erased
that name and restored that of Lewis River which was correctly
charted from its junction with the Columbia River. (Elliott Coues,
History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Volume II., pages 621-
622 and 635, and notes.) Gabriel Franchere on April 16, 1814:
"Toward the decline of day we passed the river Lewis, in the lan-
guage of the country, the Sha-ap-tin." (Franchere's Narrative, in
"Early Western Travels," Volume VI., page 338.) Above, under
"Snake Indians," a contemporary, David Thompson, is shown to
have spelled it "Shawpatin." On May 29, 1824, Alexander Ross
wrote: "The main south branch of the Columbia, the Nez Perces,
the main Snake River and Lewis River, are one and the same dif-
ferently named." ("Journal of Alexander Ross" in the Quarterly
of the Oregon Historical Society, Volume XIV., page 381.) Peter
126 Edmond S. Meany
Skeen Ogden, of the Hudson's Bay Company, in July, 1826, men-
tioned Snake Indians and Snake River. ("Journals" in the Qua~terl)'
of the Oregon Histor·ical Society, Volume XL, page 221.) Rev.
Gustavus Hines, Missionary, uses "Snake or Lewis River." (Ex-
ploring Expedition to Oregon, pages 170 and 325.) Elliott Coues,
j'l1 his History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Volume II., pages
621-622, note 58, pleads for the original name, concluding as fol-
lows: "The great stream that rises in and about Lake Henry, and
empties into the Columbia, is Lewis River, by the clear intent of
V/illiam Clark, who discovered, described, charted, and named it."
See Lewis River.
SNAKE ROCK, at Port Ludlow, in the northeastern part of
Jefferson County, was charted and named by the United States
Coast Survey in 1856. (United States Public Documents, Serial
Number 888, chart 54.)
SNAKELAND POINT, see Watsak Point.
SNA-NUL-KWO, see Port Ludlow.
S'NGAZANELF, see Olympic Mountains.
SNOHOMISH, name of a city, county, river, and tribe of Indians.
The name was first applied to the Indians. Rev. Myron Eells says
the word refers to "a style of union among them." (American An-
thropologist, for January, 1892.) Dr. Charles M. Buchanan, for
many years Indian Agent at Tulalip, says: "I have never met an
Indian who could give a meaning to the word Snohomish, though I
have made twenty-one years of inquiry." He says the tribe was
dominant in the region about the present City of Everett and he
has a theory, though no Indian has ever corroberated it. In the na-
tive language the word is Sdoh-doh-hohbsh. In the same language
Sdohbsh means man. "Might not the word be the plural form sig-
nifying 'the men, the warriors, the braves.' They dominated their
confederation, you know." (In Names MSS. Letters 141 and 155.)
The word has been variously spelled. On December 9, 1824, John
\Vork, of the Hudson's Bay Company, wrote it "Sinnahamis."
("Journal," in 'Washington Historical Quarterly, Volume III., page
213.) The Wilkes Expedition, 1841, charted the river as "Tux-
pam River." (Hydrography, Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 67.) In
1847, Captain Hel)ry Kellett charted the river as "Sinahomis River."
Origin of Washington Geographical Names 127
(British Admiralty Chart 1911.) The same spelling was used by
the United States Coast Survey in 1854. (United States Public
Documents, Serial Number 784, chart 51.) The present spelling
was adopted by the Surveyor General of Washington Territory in
1857. (United States Public Documents, Serial Number 877.)
Snohomish City was .founded by E. C. Ferguson and E. F. Cady
about 1860. (H. H. Bancroft, Works, Volume XXXI., page 367.)
SNOQUALMIE, the name of a tribe of Indians, of a river, a pass
through the Cascade Range, and a sawmill town near the beautiful
falls, also of the same name, in King and Snohomish Counties. On
most of the earlier maps the spelling was "Snoqualmoo." The river
joins with the Skykomish River near Monroe, forming the Snohom-
ish River. The white men have softened the native word Sdoh-
k'-<1Jahlb-bhuh,· which refers to the legend that their people came
from the moon. Sdoh-kwahlb means moon. (Charles M. Buchanan,
Indian Agent at Tulalip, in Names MSS. Letter 155.) Colonel
J. Patton Anderson visited the falls in July, 1852. He was accom-
panied by Lieutenant Floyd Jones, of the United States Infantry
Only one white man had visited them before that. (James G. Swan,
Northwest Coast, page 395.)
SNOWSHOE FALLS, the highest falls in Denny Creek, near Sno-
qualmie Pass, in the east central part of King County. The elevation
of the crest of the falls is about 3600 feet above the sea. The name
was recommended to the United States Geographic Board on June
15, 1916 by the Trustees of The Mountaineers. (In Names MSS.
Letter 580.)
SOAP LAKE, a body of water and a town in Grand Coulee, in
the north central part of Grant County. "The water is very soapy."
(N. Okerberg, in Names MSS. Letter 223.)
SOH-GWAHBT, see Joe Hill's Bay.
SOINETKWU, see Kettle Falls.
SOL Due, a river in the south western part of Clallam County,
and hot-springs at which was developed a resort with hotel and
postoffice. On early maps it was counted a part of Quillayute
River. (Map by the Surveyor General of Washington Territory,
1857, in United States Public Documents, Serial Number 877.)
/
128 Edmond S. Meany
More recently the hot-springs are called Sol Duc and the river
Soleduck (Henry Landes, A Geographic Dictionary of Washing-
ton, page 260.) The river is shown to be a branch, which, with
the Bogachiel, forms the Quillayute River. The Sol Duc Hot
Springs Company say the Indians were first to locate the springs
and that the name means "magic waters." (In Names MSS. Let-
ter 452.)
SOLOOSA, see Plymouth.
SOOl<;S RIVER, see Waatch River.
SOPUN INLET, a name given by the Wilkes Expedition, 1841,
to designate the inlet leading from South Bay (Grays Harbor) to
the Elk River. (Hydrography, Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 75.)
SOQUAMIS BAY, see Port Madison.
SOUTH BAY, see Henderson Inlet, for which it is sometimes
l!sed as a local name. There is another bay of the same name in
Grays Harbor.
SOUTH BEND, county seat of Pacific County. The Vvillapa
River takes a bend to the south in what is now the city. A sawmill
was located there as early as 1860 and in 1890 the South Bend Land
Company was organized with George U. Holcomb, L. M. Eklund
<lnd P. W. Swett as the prime movers. Since then the growth has
been steady. (F. A. Hazeltine, in Names MSS. Letter 91.)
SOUTH BLUFF, see Birch Point.
SOUTH EAST ISLAND, see Colville Island.
SOUTH PRAIRIE CREEK, a branch of Carbon River, in the north-
lOrn part of Pierce County. See Carbon River.
SPA-KWATL, see Tumwater.
SPANAWAY, a lake and town about ten miles south of Tacoma,
in the north central part of Pierce County. A probable origin of the
name is found in the Hudson's Bay Company's Nisqually Journal
of Occurences, entry for April 26, 1849: "Two plows sent to Spa-
nuch and one to Muck" (In Washington Historical Quarterly,
Volume X., page 211.) Clara G. Lindsly says the name is of In-
dian origin, "but when or the meaning of the word is unknown to
Origin of Washington Geographical Names 129
anyone I have found." (In Names MSS. Letter 254.) In the
biography of Andrew J. Frost is the statement that in 1854 the lake
was known as Bushelier Lake. (H. K. Hines,History of Washing-
ton, page 502.)
SPANGLE, the name of a creek and a town in the south central
part of Spokane County. Both were named after William Spangle,
a veteran of the Civil War who took up a squatter's claim on the
land in 1872. When the Government survey was completed he took
a soldier's claim to the acres and on Jtme 3 1886, located the town-
$ite. (Julian Hawthorne, History of Washington, Volume II.,
page 626.)
SPAR POINT, on the north shore of Grays Harbor, five miles
east of Neds Rock, chartered by the Wilkes Expedition, 1841. (Hy-
drography, Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 75.)
SPEDIS, a town in the southwestern part of Klickitat County,
named for an Indian chief of that name. (L. C. Gilman, in Names
MSS. Letter 590.)
SPEEBIDAH, a geographical term among the Indians, for a nat-
ural needle of rock projecting from a bluff, northwest of Tulauip,
on the Port Susan shore of the Tulalip Indian Reservation. Bee-
dah means "child" and S peebidah, the dimunitive form, means
"little child." (Charles M. Buchanan, in Names MSS. Letter 155.)
SPERGEON CREEK, a tributary of the Deschutes River in the
north central part of Thurston County, named for a pioneer who
took up a claim along the creek. (H. B. McElroy, in Names MSS.
Letter 46.)
SPIEDEN ISLAND, in the west central part of San Juan <County,
named by the Wilkes Expedition, 1841, in honor of William Spie-
den, Purser of the Peacock, one of the vessels of the expedition.
(Hydrography, Volume XXIII., Atlas, chart 77.) In 1858-1859,
the British Captain Richards extended the use of the name by
charting Spieden Bluff on the west cape of the island and Spieden
Channel, the waterway between Spieden and San Juan Islands:
(British Admiralty Chart 2689.) Both names are retained on the
American charts.
SPILLEI, see Spilyeh.
130 Edmond S. Meany
SPILLNIN, see Nespelem.
SPILYItH CREEK, a tributary of Lewis River, five miles below
the town of Yale, in the southeastern part of Cowlitz County. It
was named for an Indian chief of that name. The word means
"coyote." (Anna Griffiths, of Yale, in Names MSS. Letter 243.)
In the itinerary of Captain George B. McClellan, 1853, the creek is
mentioned with its present name. (Pacific Railroad Reports, 'Vol-
ume I., pages 377-389.) The Indians of that vicinity had many
legends of "Speelyai" (coyote) the great Indian god. (Dr. G. P.
Kuykendall, in History of the Pacific N orth~vest: Oregon and
Washington, Volume 11., pages 64-66.)
SPIPEN RIVER, see Naches.·
SPIRIT LAKE,. see Lange.


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