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"The bodies of William H. Gray and Mrs. Marry A. Dix Gray…had been removed and place in new graves…a few miles from the present city of Walla Walla.

NEWS DEPARTMENT
The Gray Memorial
On November 1, 1916, near Walla Walla, were held exercises of a
very impressive nature and of historic meaning. The bodies of Wil-
liam H. Gray and Mrs. Mary A. Dix Gray, after a long rest in graves
at Astoria, Oregon, had been removed and placed in new graves by the
side of their friends and missionary colleagues, Doctor and Mrs. Mar-
cus Whitman, on the site of the Waiilatpui Mis~ion, a few miles from
the present City of WalIa Walla.
The exercises were participated in by the president, faculty and
students of Whitman College, members of the Walla Walla Pioneer
Association, the Commercial Club, citizens, and the following members
of the Gray family: Mrs. Jacob Kamm of Portland, Oregon; Mrs.
J. H. D: Gray of Pendleton, Oregon; Captain W. P. Gray of Pasco;
Captain James T. Gray of Alaska; Henry D. Gray of Pendleton;
William H. Gray of Spokane; Mrs. J. H. Sprague of Pasco; Mr. and
Mrs. George Hartman, Jr., and Miss Louisa Gray of Pendleton; Mrs.
Charles Kamm and Jacob Kamm, 3rd, of Portland.
The new graves were surrounded with a carpet of evergreens, and
as the students marched from the special train each boy dropped a
sprig of evergreen and each girl a white carnation on the graves-a
touching tribute of reverence and affection for the memory of those
who had labored as missionaries with Doctor and Mrs. Whitman.
After the singing of "America" by the audience, Rev. Charles E.
Tuke, rector of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church of Walla
Walla, offered prayer. Professor William D. Lyman, of Whitman
College, delivered an address on "The Place of William H. Gray in
Our History." The students sang their Founders' Day hymn and
Captain William P. Gray, of Pasco, oldest living son of Mr. and Mrs.
Gray, read two poems composed by himself for the occasion. One was
entitled "The Pioneer," and the other, "In Memoriam." Rev. John
H. Boyd, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Portland, Oregon,
delivered a memorial address on "Mary A. Dix Gray."
William H. Gray came to the Oregon country with Dr. and Mrs.
Whitman and Rev. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding in 1836. He returned east
in 1837. The next year he and Mrs. Gray returned in company with
other missionaries, including Rev. and Mrs. Cushing Eells. This fact
received pointed evidence in the ceremonies when President Stephen
(76)
Markers for the Oregon Trail 77
B. L. Penrose of Whitman College read the following telegram from
Edwin Eells, son of Rev. Cushing Eells:
"Congratulations that the remains of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Gray
are at rest by the side of their martyred compatriots, Doctor and Mrs.
Whitman. Mr. and Mrs. Gray slept in the same tent with my father
and mother while crossing the plains in 1888. We started the funds
for the building of the monument and the honor is well deserved. I per-
sonally well remember them."
The students sang their song, "Whitman! Here's to You," after
which the benediction was pronounced by Rev. W. H. Bleakney, Pro-
fessor of Greek in Whitman College, who repre!!ented the Presbyterian
Church of the United States of America, of which Mr. and Mrs. Gray
were devoted members.
Markers for the Oregon Trail
In the Washington His.torical Quarterly for October, 1916, pages
329-880, the record was given of three markers having been placed on
the Oregon Trail at Tumwater, Tenino, and Bush Prairie. Since then
seven more of the markers have been placed. The programs show
that the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Sons of the
American Revolution went at the work on a regular and earnest cam-
paign.
On October 12, two markers were placed and occasion was also
taken to celebrate Columbus Day at the same time. At 2 P. M. a
marker was unveiled at the crossing of Skookum Chuck Creek by the
Pacific Highway, near Centralia. The chairman was. Orison J. C.
Dutton, President of the State Society of the Sons of the American
Revolution. The program was as follows: Invocation, Rev. Mr. Dores;
singing, "America"; address, Mr. W. H. Cameron; "Pioneer Days,"
General Hazard Stevens; "Marking National Old Trails," Mrs. Henry
McCleary; presentation of marker to state and city, Mrs. Edmund
Bowden, unveiling, Miss Zeola Dickinson; acceptance for the state,
Governor Ernest Lister; acceptance for Centralia, Mayor John Galvin;
Flag Salute, school children; singing, "Star Sangled Banner."
At 4 P. M. the ceremonies took place at the junction of the Pa-
cific Highway and the Rochester road on Grand Mound Prairie. The
chairman was Mrs. Edmund Bowden, State Regent of the Daughters
of the American Revolution. The program was as follows: Invoca-
tion, Rev. Frank W. P. Camp; singing, "America"; address, Mr. Theo-
dore Hoff; song, High School of Grand Mound; reminiscences, Mrs.
E. N. Sargent; national medley, High School; "Grand Mound Sixty-
four Years Ago," Mr. John R. James; solo, Miss Irene Holcomb;


English

The Gray Memorial

Announcement

"Victor J. Farrar, Research Assistant in the University of Washington, has enlisted in the Base Hospital Number 50 under Dr. James B. Eagleson, major in command.

NEWS DEPARTMENT
A bsent for WorT. at Harvard
Charles W. David, Instructor in European History in the Univer-
sity of Washington, is absent on leave for the third quarter and will
return for full work during the fourth or summer quarter. He will
devote the third quarter to research work at Harvard University,
where he will complete his examinations for the Doctor of Philosophy
degree. His thesis on Robert of Normandy has been accepted and
will be published in the Harvard Series..
Joins the Colors
Victor J. Farrar, Research Assistant in the University of Wash-
ington, has enlisted in thc Base Hospital Number 50 under Dr. James
B. Eagleson, major in command. Mr. Farrar is to serve as Registrar
of the base hospital. He was born in the State of Maine on January
1, 1886. His university training was obtained at the University of
Wisconsin, where he obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911, the
Master of Arts degree in 1912 and then spent two years there as
graduate assistant while doing work toward the Doctor of Philosophy
degree. His position at the University of Washington is saved for
him while "detached on military service." Readers of the Washington
Historical Quarterly are familiar with some of Mr. Farrar's painstak-
ing work. They will all wish him well as he enters this patriotic
service of his country. The history staff now has three men in service.
The other two are Assistant Professor Ralph H. Lutz, a lieutenant
at headquarters, Camp Kearny, California, and Graduate Assistant
H. E. Brown, a yeoman in the United States Navy.
Illustrated Tallcs in the Training Camps
In the last issue of this Quarterly mention was made of a course
of lectures prepared by the National Board for Historic Service under
the auspices of the Educational Committee of the War Department's
Commission on Training Camp Activities. That work is now in full
swing at all the cantonments in America. Professor Norman F. Cole-
man has been promoted in the Y. M. C. A. work and has headquarters
at San Francisco. His work at Camp Lewis has been divided and the
educational portion goes to Professor Brewer from the Montana Agri-
(158)


Joins the Colors

PrincipalArticles in theWashington Historical Quarterly
VOLUME VII.
A Critical Discussion ot the Site ot Camp Washington M. Orion Monroe
Marine Disasters ot the Alaska Route C. L. Andrews
George Bush. Voyageur.........................•........John Edwin Ayer
Pioneer and Historical Societies ot Washington ........•...Victor J. Farrar
Pioneer Dead ot 1910...•...............••.........•..•.....Edith G. Prosch
Bourne and Marshall and the Whitman Question .....•........W. D. Lyman
The "Colonel Wright" ..................•.................Lulu D. Crandall
First American Settlement on puget Sound Edmond S. Meany
The Sinclair Party............................••......... John V. Campbell
Alaska Under the Russians C. L. Andrews
Fort Hall on the Saptln River MUes Cannon
Mining In Alaska Betore 1867 ..........•............•....•...•F. A. Golder
A Pioneer ot the Spokane Country .....................•..... John E. Smith
:J;Uack Tamanous, Secret Society ot the Clallam Indians ..•.Johnson Williams
Mullan Road ...............•...............•.........Henry L. Talkington
VOLUME VIII.
Reminiscences ot a Pioneer Woman................•..Elizabeth Ann Coonc
First Immigrants to cross the Cascades David Longmire
Pioneer Dead ot 1916 Edith G. Prosch
Pioneer Reminiscences ....................•......••.......Thomas B. BeaU
Washington's War Governor William Pickering
Chief Sluskln's True Narrative ................•.....Lucullus V. McWhorter
Washington Forts of the Fur Trade Regime 0. B. SperUn
Early Records of the University ot Washington Edmond S. Meany
The Spanish Settlement at Nootka ..........•............•....F. W. Howay
The Pioneers and Patriotism Hazard Stevens
David Thompson's Journeys In the Spokane Country T. C. Elliott
A Record ot the San Poll Indians R. D. Gwydir
Pioneer Reminiscences .........................•............Oscar Canfield
Washington Geographic Names Edmond S. Meany
DOCUMENTS PRINTED. VOLUMES 1.-VIIL
Diary of John E. Howell. an Emigrant of 1846.
Old Letters from Officials of the Hudson's Bay Company. 1829-40.
Journal ot William Fraser Tolmie, Aprll 30 to May 11, 1833.
Journal of John Work. November and December. 18U; and June, 1825, to
September 16. 1826.
A New Vancouver .TournaI.
Journal of Occurrences at Nisqually House.
Diary of Colonel and Mrs. Isaac N, Ebey.
Also shorter documents relating to T!:Ie tlrst attempt to ascend Mollnt
Rainier. Beginnings of the Lake Washington Canal, Chlet Lescnl, Indian
trOUbles. Beginning of the San Juan disp.ute, Establishing ot the Navy
Yard, Puget Sound. Transter of Alaska to the United States. the Secret
Mission of Warre and Vavasour, and the Attitude of the Hudson's Bay
Company during the Indian War of 1865-56.
The Washington Historical Quarterly is published by the Washington
University State Historical Society. It has taken as Its field the history of
the Pacltlc Northwest. It is Issued quarterly with title page and Index In
the last number pf each volume; It Is also indexed In The Magazine SUbject
Index. The current subscription price Is $2.00 per year. or $.75 each for
single copies. Back numbers are available as follows:
Volumes I .• II., Ill. and IV.• each................................•..... $4.00
Volumes V., VL. VII. and VIII., each 3.00
For information in regard to subscriptions or exchange. Address
CHARLES W. SMITH. Business Managllr.
Washington Historical Quarterly,
University Station.
SeattIe. Washington.


Principal Articles in the Washington Historical Quarterly

•
Principal Articles in theWashington Historical Quarterly
VOLUME VII.
A Critical Discussion ot the SUe ot camp Washington ..•• •M. Orion Monroe
Marine Disasters ot the Alaska Route O' 1.. Andrews
George Bush. Voyageur•••.•.•.•.•.••••••.•••••••••••••••John Edwin Ayer
Pioneer and Historical SOc:letles ot Washington•.•..•....••Victor J. Farrar
Pioneer Dead ot 1916 Edith G. Prosch
Bourne and MlLrshall and the Whitman Question .•.••.••.•...•W. D. Lyman
The "Colonel Wright" ..••....•..••.•..•...••••..•••.•.•••Lulu D. Crandall
Firat American settlement on Puget Sound•••••..•.•••••. Edmond S. Meany
The Sinclair Party•.......•••....... r ••••••••••••••••••••John V. Campbell
Alaska Under the Russians ....•.•.....•...•.••.•..•....•...• C. 1.. Andrews
Fort Hall on the Saptln River Miles Cannon
Mining In Alaska Betore 1867 ........•....••.•..•.•••..•....••F. A.. Golder
A Pioneer ot the Spokane Country .•.•...•.•••.•...•.••...••. John E. Smith
Black Tamanous. s.cret Society ot the Clallam Indians ....Johnson Wlltiama
Mullan Road ..••..•••..••.••...•..•••.••••••.••••••.•Henry 1.. Talkington
VOLUME VIU.
Reminiscences ot a Pioneer Woman•..•...•......•.•.•Ellzabeth Ann Coonc
First Immigrants to cross the Cascades ....•...•••.•.......Davld Longmire
Pioneer Dead ot 1916 ...•••..•..•...•......•......••...•...Edith G. Prosch
rloneer Reminiscences ..•.••..•............•...•..•• " .•.. Thomas B. Beall
Washington's War Governor .........•..••....•....•....William Pickering
Chiet Sluskin's True Narrative ...••....•..••...•.••.Lucullus V. McWhorter
Washington Forts ot the Fur Trade Regime .•.....••.........0. B. Sperlln
Early Records ot the University ot Washington Edmond S. Meany
The Spanish Settlement at Nootka ...•.....•.••.•..•.....•....F. W. Howay
The Pioneers and Patriotism....•.........•................Hazard Stevens
David Thompson's Journeys in the Spokane Country .•........•. T. C. Elliott
A Record ot the San Poll Indians R. D. Gwydlr
Pioneer Reminiscences ..•...•.........••..•....•..••.......•Oscar Canlleld
Washington Geographic Names ...........•.•.•..•.••....Edmond S. Meany
DOCUME,'TS PRINTED. VOLUMES I.-VnI.
Diary ot Jobn E. Howell. an Emigrant of 1846.
Old Letters trom Officials ot the Hudson's Bay Company. 1829-40.
Journal ot WllIlam Fraser Tolmie. April 30 to May 11. 1833•
.Journal ot .Jopn Work, November and December. 18H; and June. 1826. to
September 16. 1826.
A New Vancouver Journal.
.JoUrnal of Occurrences at NlsQually House.
Diary ot Colonel and Mrs. Isaac . Ebey.
Also shorter (Iocuments relating to The first attempt to ascend Mount
Rainier, Beginnings ot the Lake Washington Canal. Chlet LeschI, Indian
trOUbles. Beginning of the San Juan dispute. Establishing of the Navy
Yard. Pugel Sound, Transfer ot Alaska to the United States, the secret
Mi88lon of Warre and Vavasour. and the Attitude of the Hudson's Bay
Company during the Indian War ot 1855·56,
The Washington Historical Quarterly Is pUbllshed by the Washington
University State Historical Society. It has taken as Its neld the history ot
the Pacific Northwest. It Is Issued quarterly with title page and Index In
the last number ot each VOlume; It Is also Indexed in The Maga~lne Subject
Index. The current subscrlf>tlon price Is $2.00 per year. or $.76 each tor
single copies. Back numbers a're available as tollows:
Volumes 1.• n .• IlL and IV.• each $4.00
Volumes V.• VI.• vn. and VIII.• each ......••.•....•••••..•..•.....•..• 3.00
For Information In regard to subscriptions or exchange. AddreBB
CHARLES W. SMITH. Business Manager.
• Washington Historical Quarterly.
University Station.
Seattle. WashIngton.


~bt
Wa!ibtngton J!}t!itorical ~uarttrl!,
Contributing ~bitot~
CL,ARENCE B. BAGLEY-\, Seattle W. D. LYMAN, Walla Walla
T. C. ELLIOTT, Walla Walla H. B. McELROY, Olympia
FRANK A. GOLDER, Pullman EDWARD McMAHON, Seattle
WILLIAM S. LEWIS, Spokane O. B. SPERLIN, TaCQma
F. W. HOWAY, New Westminster, B. C:
'-anaging ebitor
EDMOND S. MEANY
rsu~int~~~anagtr
CHARLES W. SMITH
VOL. X. NO.2
ISSUED QUARTERLY
Two Dollars per Year
QConttnt~
APRIL,1919
CHARLES W. SMITH ..•.•••••Tlle Bagley Collection of PacUic North-
west History ...................•••• 83
HERBERT H. GOWEN...•••..The Centenary of Kamehameha the Great. 88
HORACE J. TAYLOR...••••..PacUlc Whales at Play...•.••••••......•• 93
H. W. FAIRWEATHER.••.•.The Northern PacUlc Railroad and Some
of Its History . . . . . . • • • • • . • .. D5
HAZARD STEVENS Comment on Mr. Fairweather's Article .•.. D9
WILLIAM S. LEWIS .......•••Rnllroad Career of Mr. Fairweather.•.•.. 100
EDJUOND S.ltIEANY........•.Origin of 'Washington Geographic Na;mes.102
DOCUMENTS-Washington's First Constitution, 1878, edited by
John T. Condon 110
Spanish Friars in the Oregon Country, 1810-1811. . . . . • . . . . . . • . • . . •• 142
BOOK REVIEWS ........•........................•......•..•.••..••• 153
NEWS DEPARTMENT ..........••................•.......•.....••..•. 158
THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
UNIVERSITY STATION
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Entered as second-class matter, November 15, 1906, at the Postoffice at
Seattle, Washfngton. under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894
PrincipalArticles in theWashingtonHistorical Quarterly
VOLUMES L II, and Ill.
(See Issue tor October, 1915)
IV.
Proposed amendments to the State Constitution ot Washington•.Leo Jonea
William Weir ...........•........•..•.•....•..••••.•••.•..•..••Allen Weir
The pioneer dead ot 1912 ......•..••..••.•..••....•.•...Thomas W. Prosch
A survey of Alaska, 1743-1799 .....................•...... Frank A. Golder
Washington Territory ftfty years ago .........•.....•..Thomas W. Prosch
Early days at White Salmon and The Dalles Camilla Thomson Donnell
Early relations ot the Sandwich Islands to the Old Oregon Territory ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • • • • • • • . Guy Vernon Bennett
Independence Day In the Far Northwest .•••••.•.•••.•••George W. Soliday
The Story of the Three Olympic Peaks ....•.....•...••..Edmond S. Meany
Stories and sketches from Pacific County ..••........•. Isaac H. Whealdon
Origin ot the Constitution ot the State ot Washington ....Lebbeus J. Knapp
VOLUME V.
George Wilkes ,. ,. ..Clarence B. Bagley
The Indians ot Puget Sound......................••.•....Lewis H. St. John
Pioneer dead ot 1913 ..........................•........ Thomas W. Prosch
American and Indian Treatment ot the Indians ot the Paclftc North-
west ..................................................•.W. J. Trimble
The Columbia River under Hudson's Bay Company Rule ..C. O. Ermatlnger
Three Diplomats Prominent In the Oregon Question .....Edmond S. Meany
History ot the Liquor Laws ot the State ot Washington .. Ann Sloan Walker
Divorce In Washington Ralph R. Knapp
The West and American Ideals .....•...•.......•.•...•Frederick J. Turner
Eliza and the Nez Perce Indians Edwln Eells
VOLUME VI.
The Fur Trade In the Columbia River Basin Prior to 1811. ...~.T.· C. Elliott
The Pioneer Dead In 1914 Thomas W. Prosch
Pioneer and Historical Societies of Washington .....••.•.•.Victor J. Farrar
From Salem, Oregon, to SeattIe, Washington, In 1859 Dlllls B. Ward
Rights ot the Puget Sound Indians to Game and Fish ..Charles M. 'Buchanan
The Last Stand of the Nez Perces ............•.............Nelson C. Titus
Organizers ot the First Gpvernment In Oregon George H. Himes
A Survivor ot Four Wars ...................•.....•. Junlus Thomas Turner
The Story ot the Mercer Expeditions .....•......•.••....Flora A. P. Engle
Pioneer Hotel Keepers ot Puget Sound•....•....•.•.•.......W. B. Seymore
Jason Lee ,. John Martin Canse
VOLUME VII.
A Critical Discussion ot the Site ot Camp Washington ....• .M. Orion Monroe
Marine Disasters ot the Alaska Route ..........•...•......... C. L. Andrews
Ge'orge Bush, Voyageur ...................••..•.•.••••.•. John Edwin Ayer
Pioneer and Historical Societies ot Washington••••........Vlctor J. Farrar
Pioneer Dead ot 1915,.,. ,. Edith G. Prosch
Bourne and Marshallll.nd the Whitman Question ....•.........W. D. Lyman
The "Colonel Wright" ............................•..•....Lulu D. Crandall
First American Settlement on Puget Sound....•.••......Edmond S. Meany
The Sinclair Party ....................••.......•.•.•••.••John V. Campbell
Alaska Under the Russians ................•...••.•.•..•...•. C. L. Andrews
Fort Hall on the Saptln River ,. Miles Cannon
Mining In Alaska Betore 1867 .......•..•...••••••..•.•.•..•.•.F. A. Golder
A Pioneer ot the Spokane Country ...............••..•...... John E. Smith
Black Tamanous, Secret Society of the Clallam Indians .... Johnson Williams
MUllan Road .........................•.•.•.•..•..••••Henry L. Talkington
mbt
Wa~bington ;t,i~torical <lauarttrlp
~ontrilJuting ~bitor.s
CL.ARENCE B. BAGLEY, Seattle
T. C. ELLIOTT, Walla Walla
FRANK A. GOLDER, Pullman
WILLIAM S. LEWIS, Spokane
F. W. HOWAY,
W. D. LYMAN, Walla Walla
H. B. McELROY, Olympia
EDWARD McMAHON, Seattle
O. B. SPERLIN, Tacoma
New Westminster, B. C.
:fflanaging Qfbitor
EDMOND S. MEANY
rsu.sine.s.s J'lanager
CHARLES W. SMITH
VOL. X. NO.2
ISSUED QUARTERLY
Two Dollars per Year
~ontent.s
APRIL, 1919
CHARLES W. SMITH........•The Bagley Collection of PacUlc North-
west History 83
HERBERT H. GOWEN The Centenary of Kamehamehlfl· the Great. 88
HORACE J. TAyLOR PaeUle Whales at Play 93
H. W. FAIRWEATHER The Northern Pacific RaIlroad and Some
of Its History 95
HAZARD STEVENS ....•......Comment on Mr. Fairweather's Article. . .. 00
WILLIAM S. LEWIS Rallroad Career of 1I1r. Fairweather 100
EDlIlOND S. 1IIEANY Origin of Washington Geographle No,mes .102
DOCUlIIENTS-Washlngton's First Constitution, 1878, edited by
John T. Condon 110
Spanish Friars In the Oregon Country, 1810-1811. 142
BOOI>: REVIEWS 153
NEWS DEPARTlIlENT 158
THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
UNIVERSITY STATION
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Entered as second-class matter, November 15, 1906, at the Postoftlce at
Seattle, Washington, under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894
tltbt Wa~bington 1tnibtr~itp
gs,tatt ~i~torical ~ocittp
Officers and Board of Trustees
CLARENCE B. BAGLEY, President
JUDGE JOHN P. HOYT, Vice-President
JUDGE ROGER S. GREENE, Treasurer
JUDGE THOMAS BURKE
SAMUEL HILL
PROFESSOR EDMOND S. MEANY, Secretary
Seattle
Department of Printing, University of Washington
1919


"Just a hundred years ago, at 2 o'clock in the morning of May 8, 1819, there passed out of life the greatest of the chiefs of Hawaii 'from chaos until now'…

Gowen, Herbert H.

THE CENTENARY OF KAMEHAMEHA THE GREAT
Just a hundred years ago, at 2 o'clock in the morning of May 8,
1819, there passed out of life the greatest of the chiefs of Hawaii
"from chaos until now," - the, man who by dint of forty years' valor
in war, patience in waiting, and skill in statecraft, made out of a
weltering anarchy of contending alii the Hawaiian monarchy which,
largely through his own influence extended beyond his decease, held
together through three-quarters of a century of weaker rule.
America has become in these last years the heir to Kamehameha's
kingdom; it is well that she should be also the guardian of his fame.
It need be in no condescending spirit, for there will never be another
like the first Kamehameha. Partly because the old days of mingled
savagery and chivalry in Hawaii, when la haute noblesse fought like
the demigods of Homer, are gone forever; partly also, alas, because
the race itself is a vanishing one, weakened by the inrush of the white
man's vices, since the day that Cook burst through the veil of pro-
tective isolation, and hustled along the way of the strenuous life which
has been as fatal as the wars of old.
Kamehameha's statue still stands before the Legislative Building
in Honolulu, a building once more euphoniously entitled Aliiolani Hale,
but my own mind travels back rapidly over a space of thirty years
as I think of the stalwart native whom the artist chose as his model
for the figure of bronze. His name was Kaopuiki, and I have more
than once made the voyage with him by whaleboat from Lahaina to
the island of Lanai or vice versa. On days when the surf was high
and the passage into the lagoon dangerous, it was a Sight to see Kao-
puiki stand erect in the bow of the boat, motionlessly awaiting the
proper second at which to give the signal to the rowers. It was then
I seemed to see Kamehameha himself as he had been in the flesh. Nay,
more, I seemed then to glimpse the spirit which watched and waited
and commanded the circumstances of his age till the last great battle
had been won at the Nunanu Pali and the Eight Islands entered upon
the period of prosperous unity.
It would take far too long to give any sketch, even in outline, of
the life of the great Pacific chieftain, but I may be permitted to draw
attention to the outstanding events, and then to say something briefly
of those qualities which made him great in peace as well as in war,
in defeat as well as in victory, in constructive work even more than
overcoming almost unexampled difficulties.
(88)
Kame'hame'ha the Great 89
Somewhere between 1736 and 1740, probably nearer the former
than the latter date, in the month of Ikuiwa, or November, a great
storm was raging on the Kohala coast in the island of Hawaii. Out
of the heart of that storm, like the babe Arthur borne to the feet of
Merlin, came the child who was to bear through life the name of
Kamehameha, "the lonely one." Like Arthur, too, his parentage was
the subject of scandal and dispute, most taking him for the son of
Keoua, while others were disposed to regard him as the child of that
grim old savage, Kahekili, '11Wi; (or king) of MauL Certainly the latter
took uncommon interest in the child's fate, sending two high chiefs
from Maui to act as nurses or guardians. Yet this interest was con-
sistent with a life-long antagonism, for Kahekili fought the schemes
of Kamehameha till the "black kapa covered him" in death. So the
boy, inured to the harsher sports and the warrior's training, grew up
to take a part in the inter-island and other civil campaigns, and had
early experience of the challenges and risks of destiny. There was
for many years little prospect that either he or any other chief would
become supreme monarch of the archipelago, and Kamehameha himself
had more than the usual share of defeats and rebuffs. Into these
contests, monotonous, bitter and even sordid, came the startling inci-
dents connected with the arrival and stay of Captain Cook, terminat-
ing in the murder at Kealakekua Bay in 1779. Kamehameha was in
no wise responsible for the tragedy, but, during 1778 and 1779, he
got out of his acquaintance with the English navigator much that
was useful for the future.
Then, with the departure of the ships, came the resumption of
civil war, and after the death of Kalaniopuu, Kamehameha was promi-
nent enough to attract the predictions of the prophets and the
allegiance of some of the strongest of the chiefs. These latter forced
the chief from hi~ retirement at Halawa to head an insurrection against
Kiwalao, who had succeeded his father Kalaniopuu as 'TJWi of Hawaii.
However, the death of Kiwalao only complicated the situation, since
it turned the civil duel into a bitter triangular conflict between Kame-
hameha, Keoua and Keawemauhili. Even while this struggle was rag-
ing uncertainly, there were also wars with Kahekili in Maui, in which
the latter waS aided by the forces of Oahu and KauaL Certainly,
nothing at this date looked less likely than that Kamehameha would
emerge at last victorious over all his foes. Yet in time his patience
no less than his valor found its vindication. As guardian of the
famous war-god, Kaili, "the lonely one" gained a terrible prestige.
Presently, too, he succeeded in acquiring at least a chip of the no
less dreaded poison goddess of Molokai. Then came the epis.ode when
90 H erberl H. Gowen
the forces of his rival Keoua, marching across the lava plains near
Kilauea, were slain by the fumes of the volcano; from that moment it
was blazed far and wide that Pele, the volcano goddess, was on the
side of Kamehameha. Not less potent for his. fortunes was his matri-
monial alliance with the high chieftess Keopuolani of the line of
the dead King Kiwalao. Marriage to the fickle and versatile Kaahu-
manu had already brought him excitement as well as fame; the mar-
riage to Keopuolani allied him to the bluest blood in the archipelago.
To these elements of fortune we must add the employment of the
kidnapped English sailors, Young and Davis, whose services a~ gun-
ners, shipbuilders and counsellors demand the heartiest recognition.
N or should one be silent with respect to the influence of Vancouver,
who on his three visits to the islands gave Kamehameha counsel, which,
it is true, he did not always follow, but was nevertheless of the
highest value.
So gradually the obstacles in his upward climb gave way, until
the struggle narrowed itself to the war between Kamehameha, lord
of Hawaii and Kalanikapule, lord of Oahu and MauL It was in the
spring of 1795 that the "Great Armada" of the Hawaiian alii reached
Oahu from Maui, and then up the unanu Valley the host of veterans
marched till they encountered the troops of Kalanikapule at the PalL
The battle wa~ decisive, and when the terrible carnage of that April
day ceased it was clear that the last outposts of opposition had been
conquered and that henceforth Kamehameha might replace the sword
by the scepter.
The years from 1795 to 1819 were, however, no less strenuous
and remarkable than those which preceded. Time would fail to tell
of all that the conqueror achieved, of his administration of the con-
quered districts, of the creation and collection of the taxes, of the
choice of men for governors. and administrators of varying degree, of
the repairing of the ravages of war by the making of fish-ponds and
taro-patches, of the many settlements of disputes between foreign
sailors and the natives, of the resistance to the aggressions of the
Russians, of the diplomacy by means of which the island of Kauai was
finally incorporated into the Union, and the like.
Kamehameha had already foreseen, in Vancouver's time, the diffi-
culty of pre~erving his kingdom permanently from embroilments with
foreign powers, and bad for this reason been ready to accept the
protectorate of Great Britain. But he never flinched from the re-
sponsibilities his conquest had imposed upon him, and after Van-
couver,s time he made no overtures to the foreigner.
Now and then there drifted to his. realm rumors of the new
Kamehameha the Great 91
religion which had been introduced into Tahiti, and Kamehameha
was conscious that sooner or later the teachers which the white men
had promised would reach Hawaii. But for himself he willed to be
a devotee to the last of the old gods, and right well he served these
bloody deities with human sacrifices and other cruel rites.
Yet as king, he was by no means lacking in humanity and mag-
nanimity, and many a s.tory might be told of unexpected gleams of
kindlines.s. Such is that of the Puna fishermen who in an early raid
had beaten the Hawaiian chief into insensibility with their paddles.
Years after, in the days of his power, these bold defenders of the
coast were brought ·before the king, expecting nothing short of death.
But not only did Kamehameha pardon them; he even proclaimed
himself the sinner through his unjust raid and forbade such in. the
future by Mamalahoe, "the law of the splintered paddle."
One should remember, too, in the light of the subsequent history
of the Hawaiian kings, how, when the "firewater" of the white man
began its devastating course, Kamehameha came for a time under its
baneful influence. But he soon perceived the "facilis descensus"
which was threatened, braced himself to heed the expostulations of his
friends, and emerged victor from this battle, as from so many others.
And now on this May morning, a hundred years ago, the "Na-
poleon of the Pacific" lay dying. Let me condense an account of his
death given in an Hawaiian paper, the Moolelo Hawaii, of 1838:
"The illness of Kamehameha became so great that the native doctors
could not cure him. Then said the priest, 'It is best to build a house
for your god, that you may recover.' The chief, sustaining the
advice of the priest, built a sacred house for his god Kukailimoku, and
a kapu took place at evening. The people, apprehending that the
priest and chiefs were urging Kamehameha to have men sacrificed to
his god for his recovery, were seen to fly, through fear of death, and
remained in their hiding places till the tabu was over. Probably the
king did not assent to the proposition, but was heard to say, 'men are
tabu to the king - alluding to his son. . . . . In the. evening the
feeble king was borne from his sleeping house to the front house and
took a mouthful of poi and a little water. The chiefs asked him for
his final charge..... He made an effort and said, 'Proceed only
according to my policy until-' Not able to finish his sentence, he
embraced the neck of the foreigner and drew him down for a kiss....
In an hour or two he was borne again, partially, into the front house,
while most of his body remained in his sleeping house. He was once
more replaced, and about two o'clock (May 8, 1819) he expired."
92 Herbert H. Gowen
HERBERT H. GOWEN.
After Kamehameha's death consternation prevailed in the land.
There was for a time "red ruin and the breaking up of laws." Many
were the debate~ as to what should be done with the body. Some
chiefs proposed to eat him - that is, that they might gain his spirit.
But the widow Kaahumanu replied, "The spirit is gone, the body
which remains belongs to the new king." Eventually the bones were
hidden in a valley in Hawaii by his friend Hoapili, and "no man
knoweth of his sepulcher unto this day." The unihipili, or bundle of
bones, which represents Kamehameha I in the Honolulu Mausoleum
has little claim to be considered genuine. Yet Kamehameha has not
altogether vanished from the land he united and governed. Some have
asserted to me that his spirit is still occasionally visible. Did they
not see the gigantic ghost riding at the head of a cavalcade of ghosts
in such and such a valley? But in reality the spirit survived here
and there. In 1827 Mr. Ellis entered the hous.e ?f a chief at Halawa
who showed with pride his polished spears, twenty feet in length, and
remarked that "Kamehameha always required every man to keep his
weapons in order so as to be ready for war at the shortest notice."
Alas, the successors of Kamehameha were not worthy of the founder
of the line. A story tells that ~ometime after the death of the king
a man from the southern part of Kona retired to rest as usual, but in
the middle of the night was conducted by a spirit into the world of
the dead, where he saw the old monarch. Kamehameha asked how
affairs were prospering in Hawaii and made inquiries as to his son
Liholiho. Then he requested the man to return and deliver some im-
portant messages.. He promised much blessing to the land if these
messages were safely delivered, but threatened misfortune as the penalty
for neglect. The man came back, but delayed the fulfillment of his
errand till he had dressed a hog. Before, however, he could take the
food he had prepared he was dead.
Alas, something like this has been the story of Hawaii. The ruin
of the race has been largely due to forgetfulness of the spirit of the
first Kamehameha.
Great indeed has been the debt of the islands to foreign civiliza-
tion. Who can estimate the blessing which has come through the
purging of the land of the old savageries? Yet the new day misses
something which belongs to the manhood of the old warriors, and it
ill beseems the present to forget the man who by his patience and his
courage made possible the union of the islands and who for a critical
quarter of a century governed them with a wisdom which unfortunately
none of his successors could emulate.


The Centenary of Kamehameha the Great

"The importance of the document lies in the fact that it was issued so soon after the signing of the armistice bringing the great war to an end.

154 Book Reviews
stirring recital of the faith that is in us, and the next seven sketch the
government of the United States.
Chapters nine to twenty-six, and twenty-eight are written by
Prof. Ogg. Eight chapters deal with the governments of Great Britain
and her colonies. Putting it in another way just about half the vol-
ume is given to the discussion of the two great leaders in democratic
government. This is as it should be. Then follow three chapters deal-
ing with the government of France; one each to the governments of
Italy, Belgium and Austria-Hungary; and six to the German Empire,
Prussia, and German politics. The concluding chapters (XXVII and
XXVIII) present the "American War Aims" and the "Problem of In-
ternational Government:' The government of Russia is nowhere men-
tioned. The whole book is clearly and vividly written and we now
have in convenient form a reliable, up-to-date volume for the study of
comparative government. It will be interesting to watch the results
in this hitherto neglected but important field of political study.
EDWARD McMAHON.
Fourth Message of Governor Ernest Lister to the State Legislature.
(Olympia, Frank M. Lamborn, Public Printer. 1919. Pp. 44.)
The importance of the document lies in the fact that it was issued
so soon after the ~igning of the armistice bringing the great war to an
end. Soon after the message was issued, Governor Lister was taken
ill and was unable to co~tinue in his duties. He is a Democrat and
both houses of the Legislature were controlled by Republicans. How-
ever, at the close of the session the Legislature made provision for
the Governo rto travel in search of health and he issued public thanks
to the member~ of the Senate and House for having given cordial and
effective attention to all the items in his message.
The Frontier State (Illinois) 1818-1848. By THEODORE CALVIN
PEASE. (Springfield, Illinois Centennial Commission. 1918. Pp.
475.)
This is Volume II. of the Centennial History of Illinois. There is
not much, except a good example of state history, to interest readers
on the Pacific Coast. The Pacific Ocean is mentioned on page 184,
during a discussion of squatters. Senator Samuel A. Foot said: "In-
stead of legislating for them, we are to legislate after them, in full
pursuit to the Rocky Mountains, or t'O the Pacific Ocean:' Oregon is


Fourth Message of Governor Ernest Lister to the State Legislature

"The chronology begins at 1492 with Columbus and ends with the death of Senator Brady in 1918.

Idaho Chronology 155
mentioned a dozen times but on several occasions the reference was
made to the Illinois town bearing the name of Oregon. On pages
'277, 8'27 to 880, 884, 886 and 888 mentions are made of how the
Oregon and Texas questions. colored politics from 1844 on. The
Mormons at one time proposed to settle in Oregon to free themselves
from interference by the "gentiles," which is mentioned on page 856.
The book carries a number of maps and illustrations and has a good
index.
Idaho Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography. By JOHN E. REES.
(Chicago, W. B. Conkey Company. 1918. Pp. 1'25. $1.'25.)
The little book begins with a poem, "Idaho," by Cameron Mc-
Donald. The chronology begins at 149'2 with Columbus and ends
with the death of Senator Brady in 1918. An article on Idaho is fol-
lowed by the discussion of place names which uses most of the space
in the book. Six pages of compact bibliography closes the record. It
is a valuable item for collectors of Northwest Americana and may be
obtained at the price mentioned above from John E. Rees, Salmon,
Idaho.
Kutenai Tales. By FRANZ BOAS. (Washington Government Printing
Office. 1918. P. 887.)
The Bureau of American Ethnology, in this Bulletin 59, has
added another volume to the scholarly discussion of our western In-
dian lore. The name of Franz Boas carries far. The title page adds,
"Together With Texts Collected by Alexander Francis Chamberlain."
There are seventy-seven tales recorded and vocabularies of English
and Kutenai words,.
Japan at First Ha.nd. By JOSEPH I. C. CLARKE. (New York, Dodd,
Mead & Company. 1918. Pp. 48'2. $'2.50 net.)
The author says: "I have essayed to judge for myself." His
judgment seems altogether sane and his observation is keen. He
says: "I found the Japanese people as I describe them, very normal
human beings with likes, dislikes and leanings much like other people.
Their mystical quality which so many try to discover is simply a per-
sistent belief in a spirit world and an underlying love of Japan.
These are the growth of ages, enforced and inculcated by nearly three


Idaho Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography. By John E. Rees

"He says: 'I found the Japanese people as I describe them, very normal human beings with likes, dislikes, and leanings much like other people.

Idaho Chronology 155
mentioned a dozen times but on several occasions the reference was
made to the Illinois town bearing the name of Oregon. On pages
'277, 8'27 to 880, 884, 886 and 888 mentions are made of how the
Oregon and Texas questions. colored politics from 1844 on. The
Mormons at one time proposed to settle in Oregon to free themselves
from interference by the "gentiles," which is mentioned on page 856.
The book carries a number of maps and illustrations and has a good
index.
Idaho Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography. By JOHN E. REES.
(Chicago, W. B. Conkey Company. 1918. Pp. 1'25. $1.'25.)
The little book begins with a poem, "Idaho," by Cameron Mc-
Donald. The chronology begins at 149'2 with Columbus and ends
with the death of Senator Brady in 1918. An article on Idaho is fol-
lowed by the discussion of place names which uses most of the space
in the book. Six pages of compact bibliography closes the record. It
is a valuable item for collectors of Northwest Americana and may be
obtained at the price mentioned above from John E. Rees, Salmon,
Idaho.
Kutenai Tales. By FRANZ BOAS. (Washington Government Printing
Office. 1918. P. 887.)
The Bureau of American Ethnology, in this Bulletin 59, has
added another volume to the scholarly discussion of our western In-
dian lore. The name of Franz Boas carries far. The title page adds,
"Together With Texts Collected by Alexander Francis Chamberlain."
There are seventy-seven tales recorded and vocabularies of English
and Kutenai words,.
Japan at First Ha.nd. By JOSEPH I. C. CLARKE. (New York, Dodd,
Mead & Company. 1918. Pp. 48'2. $'2.50 net.)
The author says: "I have essayed to judge for myself." His
judgment seems altogether sane and his observation is keen. He
says: "I found the Japanese people as I describe them, very normal
human beings with likes, dislikes and leanings much like other people.
Their mystical quality which so many try to discover is simply a per-
sistent belief in a spirit world and an underlying love of Japan.
These are the growth of ages, enforced and inculcated by nearly three
156 Rook Reviews
centuries of isolation before the present half-century or so of taking
on the Western civilization." The book has 125 illustrations. It is
an up-to-date work. Among recent items discussed are the Korean
situation and the Lan~ing-Ishii agreement.
One fine endorsement of the volume is the fact that the Japan
Society of New York holds it in high enough esteem to send com-
plimentary copies to its members.
War and Revolution in Russia, 1914-1917. By GENERAL BASIL
GOURKO. (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1919. Pp. 432.
$4.00.)
The title is vivid enough to attract the attention of present day
readers. The author is the famous Russian cavalryman who invaded
East Rus~ia in 1914. He rose rapidly until he became Chief of the
Russian Imperial General Staff. At the time of the revolution he was
arrested but escaped from prison to England and is probably the first
one of such high command to give the world a book on the great war.
The volume is sure to rank high in the abundant literature produced
by this great world crisis.
The Union Colony at Greeley, Colorado, 1869-1871. Edited by JAMES
F. WILLARD, Ph. D. (Boulder, University of Colorado. 1918.
Pp.412.)
The University of Colorado has begun a series called Historical
Collections, of which this is the initial volume. It is called Volume I.
of the Colony Series. The contents include minutes and financial rec-
ords of the colony, miscellaneous documents, excerpts from Colorado
newspapers and other matter!! of value to the history of that State.
South Dakota HistO'l-ical Collections. Compiled by the STATE DE-
PARTMENT OF HISTORY. (Pierre, S. D., Hipple Printing Com-
pany. 1918. Pp. 616.)
The letter of transmittal is by Doane Robinson, long well known
as Secretary and Superintendent of the South Dakota Department of
History. This is Volume IX. of the Collections. Most of the contents
are devoted strictly to South Dakota pioneers and Indians. Chap-
ter XXV. will have a wider use in reference. It is entitled, "Lewis
and Clark in South Dakota,"


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The Centenary of Kamehameha the Great

Fourth Message of Governor Ernest Lister to the State Legislature

Idaho Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography. By John E. Rees

Japan at First Hand. By Joseph I. C. Clarke

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