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Experiments in indexing multimedia data at multiple levels.
Get PDFThe increasing availability of digital images, video, and audio has created exciting new research challenges on the organization of multimedia data for a variety of purposes. While some of these challenges relate to computational techniques (e.g., automatic extraction of visual features for automatic indexing of visual data), others are conceptual in nature (e.g., design of templates for manual indexing of visual data). The key issues are what to index from the data, how to perform the indexing of the data, and how to organize the indices obtained. The indices used to describe content as well as the organization of those indices have a tremendous impact on applications, particularly on large digital libraries where different types of media need to be stored and accessed. Relevant efforts in this direction include the emerging MPEG-7 standard [5], which aims at standardizing tools for describing multimedia data
Analysis of metadata schemas for children's libraries
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to evaluate two metadata schemas, AACR2+ and the International Children’s Digital Library’s metadata schema, in light of children’s information seeking behavior for book selection. While previous studies focus on the development of child-friendly interfaces, few of these studies discuss a metadata schema for children’s libraries. Given that effective information retrieval is based on well-constructed information organization, this study’s significance is its greater emphasis on information organization as a relevant factor than in previous studies. The methodology for this study consists of three parts: a meta-analysis of relevant research on children’s information seeking behaviors for book choices, a crosswalk of the metadata schemas, and a comparison of two data sets from the previous stages. The study finds that ICDL’s metadata schema tends to better reflect children’s unique information seeking behaviors for book choices as independent metadata elements than standard library cataloging does. Standard library cataloging tends to describe information reflecting children’s unique information seeking behaviors in a note area rather than describing in independent metadata elements. Therefore, by having independent and relevant metadata elements regarding the unique characteristics of children’s book choices, ICDL’s metadata schema provides more access points in a browse search system
Controlled vocabularies and tags: An analysis of research methods
Get PDFSocial tagging has become increasingly common and is now often found in library catalogues or at least on library websites and blogs. Tags have been compared to controlled vocabulary indexing terms and have been suggested as replacements or enhancements for traditional indexing. This paper explored tagging and controlled vocabulary studies in the context of earlier studies examining title keywords, author keywords and user indexing and applied these results to a set of bibliographic records from PubMed which are also tagged on CiteULike. Preliminary results show that author and title keywords and tags are more similar to each other than to subject headings, though some user or author supplied terms do match subject headings exactly. Author keywords tend to be more specific than the other terms and could serve an additional distinguishing function when browsing
Classical Pragmatism and its Varieties: On a Pluriform Metatheoretical Perspective for Knowledge Organization
Get PDFPragmatism is a metatheoretical perspective within knowledge organization (KO) deriving from an American philosophical tradition active since the late 19th century. Its core feature is commitment to the evaluation of the adequacy of concepts and beliefs through the empirical test of practice: this entails epistemological antifoundationalism, fallibilism, contingency, social embeddedness, and pluralism. This article reviews three variants of Pragmatism historically influential in philosophy—Pierce’s scientifically oriented pragmaticism, James’s subjectivist practicalism; and Dewey’s socially-directed instrumentalism—and indicates points of contact with KO theories propounded by Bliss, Shera, and Hjørland. KO applications of classical Pragmatism have tended to converge toward a socially pluralist model characteristic of Dewey. Recently, Rorty’s epistemologically radical brand of Neopragmatism has found adherents within KO: whether it provides a more advantageous metatheoretical framework than classical Pragmatism remains to be seen
The Heritage of Facet Analysis in North America: Past Lessons as Pathways for Contemporary Exploration
Get PDFThis paper will contrast the broad contours of Ranganathan’s legacy in North America with a general assessment of contemporary North American facet applications. It will also offer a potential model for contemporary researchers that outlines heritage facet-analytical protocols currently in use
Faceted navigation and browsing features in new OPACs: A more robust solution to problems of information seekers?
Get PDFIn November, 2005, James Billington, the Librarian of Congress, proposed the creation of a “World Digital Library” of manuscripts and multimedia materials in order to “bring together online, rare and unique cultural materials.” Google became the first private sector partner for this project with a pledge of 3 million dollars (http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2005/05- 250.html). One month later, the Bibliographic Services Task Force of the University of California Libraries released a report: Rethinking how we provide bibliographic services for the University of California. (Bibliographic Services Task Force, 2005). Key proposals included the necessity of enhancing search and retrieval, redesigning the library catalog or OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog), encouraging the adoption of new cataloguing practices, and supporting continuous improvements to digital access. By mid-January, 2006, the tenor of discussion reached fever pitch. On January 12, 2006, the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Library announced the deployment of a revolutionary implementation for their OPAC of Endeca’s ProFind™, which until now had only been used in commercial e-commerce or other business applications. NCSU made the bold claim that “the speed and flexibility of popular online search engines” had now entered the world of the online catalog through the use of faceted navigation and browsing (NCSU, online)
