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Authorship Metadata for Video Games: "Collaborator", "Creator", or "Auteur"?
Full text linkAuthor information is the one of the primary access points for information users to find relevant items. While this information is straightforward in most cases, it is not easy to identify and conceptualize who the “author” or “creator” is for collaborative creative works, such as video games. In this exploratory study, we review and compare current practices of authorship representations in knowledge organization systems, focusing on video games as a case study. We find that a video game publisher’s name is often used in the author/contributor fields in library records. As we discuss how video game creators’ information should be recorded in knowledge organization systems, we also explore the applicability of the auteur theory from film studies to solve the collaborative authorship representation problems in video games
Extended Abstract Out of the Ordinary: Common Use Arguments in Legislative Classification
Full text linkThe common-law doctrine of stare decisis tasks the courts with comparing, sorting, and regulating new cases based on established standards of legality, a lineage of thought that seeks continuity between past and future rulings (Scalia 1997, 7). Regardless of this strong desire for stability and consistency, the frustrating reality is that ambiguity is often written—intentionally or accidentally—into legislation, contracts, and policy, questionable phrasing that can severely hinder a court’s ability to determine how new cases relate to previous findings. As the text of a legal document provides the normalized naming around which future cases are considered, statutory interpretation is needed to “determine an instrument’s meaning” (Baude and Sachs 2017, 1086) when subjects deviate too far from or challenge previously defined regulatory categories. This interpretation ensures that a statue is “not only internally consistent, but also compatible with previously enacted laws” (Scalia, 16). Different modalities, discourses, and theories can influence and guide judicial interpretation. Here, I will be focusing on the legal canons of “ordinary meaning,” “plain meaning,” and “common use,” flexible interpretive devices frequently evoked by scholars and judges to clarify ambiguous terminology and manage legislative classifications. Although each is unique and distinct, I argue that appeals to the plain, ordinary, and common can be unified under a singular knowledge organization (KO) theory motivated by a desire for atheoretical meaning and rooted in three unifying characteristics: obfuscation, hegemonic appeal, and autopoietic validation. Each of these attributes provides extremely valuable epistemic opportunities, yet their effective combination creates a mechanism that most readily substantiates, rather than dismantels, oppressive norms
"Nothing About Us Without Us": The Case for User Warrant in the ICD-11
Full text linkThe 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (henceforth known as the ICD-11) will come into effect January 1st, 2022 and includes major revisions to the language used to describe gender identity. The classification uses scientific and literary warrants for revisions, but noticeably does not involve the transgender (used interchangeably with trans) community in order to gather their recommendations on what would be considered proper terminology and narratives. This paper uses transgender medicine as a case study for the use of user warrant within medical classification and knowledge organization
Coastal heritage: exploring caves and associated indigenous knowledge in the Lanta Bay (Southern Thailand)
No full textThis article presents the preliminary results of community-based archaeological and ethnographic research on the maritime heritage landscape along the Lanta Bay involving the Urak Lawoi sea nomads and with a focus on caves and rock art. It documents several newly-discovered rock art sites as well as the relationships local groups entertain, or not, with these caves. By doing so, it wishes to investigate the various social groups direct or indirect involvement in regional network through time: merchants, sea nomads, fishermen, estuarine and inland forest groups, etc. In a matter of fact, until now, research has mostly focused on lowland riverine ports, foreign merchants and to long-distance connections. In comparison, much less attention has been paid to the many other local groups for whom offshore or coastal caves, islands and mangrove forest in estuaries constituted places for resource procurement, homes, landmarks, temporary shelters or ritual places. This project intends aims to document these groups’ contribution of all to maritime history and the landscape heritage.
Re-examining Aristotle's Categories as a Knowledge Organization System
Full text linkIn his Categories, Aristotle details the kinds of being that exist, along with what can be understood and predicated of existing things. Most notably within this work, Aristotle advances a set of ten, top-level categories that can be used to classify all kinds of being. Even today, the influence of the Categories is felt in many domains, particularly in knowledge organization (KO). Here, Aristotle’s Categories bear deep, long-standing connections with works examining categorization, subject analysis, and theory of classification. Though its relation to ontology might seem obvious, connections to KO perspectives on knowledge organization systems (KOSs) and ontological modeling are curiously lacking. The aim of this work is to offer a re-examination of the Categories as a KOS, particularly through the lens of the KO field’s understandings of ontology. Utilizing Zeng’s classification of KOSs as a theoretical framework, this study draws parallels between the first two sections of the Categories and the defining features of ontologies and offers an initial ontological model of this work. The results of this re-examination stand to offer a new view of a fundamental work in the KO canon, draw further connections between past and present perspectives in KO, and further contribute to the theoretical grounding of contemporary KOS research and practice
Hashtag and visual analysis of the graffiti art response to Covid-19 on Instagram
Full text linkThe Covid-19 pandemic fostered a flurry of activity from various quarters, including the artistic response of the graffiti art community. Numerous works of graffiti art are documented daily on the image sharing platform Instagram, making it an obvious choice for examination of graffiti art images relating to the pandemic and the hashtags associated with the works. Using manual gathering of data from Instagram, a series of visual themes became apparent. Hashtags were also examined for comparison to the visual themes and to confirm the use of compound tagging to express complex subjects within the limitations of the platform. This preliminary work demonstrates the possibility of manual data collection from Instagram, but also raises a number of other questions that could not be addressed in a short report. The research is a first step in the effort to support previous research on facets for graffiti art description from other platforms curated by the graffiti art community outside Instagram
To Map or Not to Map: Rethinking Crosswalk Agendas
Full text linkIn the two decades since their publication, the Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records and succeeding standards such as the Library Reference Model have had a marked impact on discourse concerning descriptive theory and practice. The BIBFRAME model, which began as an effort to replace MARC as a linked data-capable modeling format, offers an alternate view of the bibliographic universe with three principal entities rather than four. Differences between BIBFRAME and LRM are based in competing intuitions on the nature of creative works, and at first the two approaches appear to compete for the same intellectual space. BIBFRAME offers us a less constrained model of bibliographic descriptions than the FRBR models, and if interoperability between BIBFRAME and WEMI-aligned standards like Resource Description and Access requires translation of RDA records both to and from BIBFRAME descriptions, then the latter’s flexibility poses problems for mapping between the models. Proposed solutions to those problems reveal as much about different modeling philosophies as they do about different views of creative works and their relationships to texts and copies. Linked data protocols are intended to support resources and scenarios that are far too diverse for either a single account of creative works or for a subsumption-based taxonomy of models. But a need for descriptions flexible enough to include them all does not require us to retreat from modeling commitments to either reductionism or operationalism. BIBFRAME can be seen as reaching for or pointing toward a descriptive domain that supports a complementary role to the IFLA standards
It's Only a Meme if It's from the Knowledge Organization Region of Information Science, Otherwise It's Just a Tweet.
Full text linkIn this short paper, we conducted a preliminary investigation of how internet memes use knowledge organization concepts in their transmission and communication of messages. Using classification, thesaural relationships, and metadata statements, we examined the employment of knowledge organization in the formula of a common internet meme and how the use of these concepts allowed meme creators to convey their argument
Technology, subsistence strategies and diversity in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the Toalean Mid-Holocene period: recent advances in research
No full textThe central Indonesian island of Sulawesi has played an important role in modern and pre-modern human migration through the Southeast Asian island chain. Over the last two decades, archaeological excavations in South Sulawesi have provided new insights into the ancient human past of this region, in particular the extensive Mid-Holocene or ‘Toalean’ sites, as well as several significant Pleistocene-age discoveries. This paper assesses the latest research and what implications these works have for prior models of human prehistory in the region. We show that recent studies have revealed that Toalean-era toolmakers were able to adapt to different environments and raw material sources, but would also transport desired raw materials for production of certain artefact types. Early quarry sites have also been identified for the first time. In addition, new excavations have revealed complex tool forms in forested highland environments, previously thought to hold only sparse and elementary assemblages, allowing us to re-assess twentieth century models of Toalean cultural subgroups and distribution. The rich parietal art initially attributed to the Toalean has now been dated to the Late Pleistocene, roughly contemporaneous with the production of ‘portable art’ in this region, while lithic artefacts dated to between at least 194-118 thousand years ago at Talepu appear to predate modern Homo sapiens occupation. Two newly reported highland sites have also yielded rich and deeply stratified archaeological deposits. These may offer the best opportunity to test hypotheses such as the transitional ‘Ceramic Toalean’ contact phase, as site disturbance and subsistence have formerly compromised the stratigraphic integrity of most excavations. This review shows that, while much work is still needed particularly in obtaining a reliable body of well-stratified and reliable dates, recent research presents an image of early innovation in the region in the form of Late Pleistocene ‘art’ production and Mid-Holocene technological developments that are both earlier and more extensive that previously known
Nursing Information Behavior (NIB) in the Pandemic: Resilience of a Knowledge Base
Full text linkHealth care assumed epic proportions in 2020 as the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic swept the globe, crossing all social, geographic, economic and political lines. A key component of care at every phase of the pandemic has been home care nursing. A virtual domain analysis clinic (DAC) was constructed around the focus of nursing information behavior (NIB). An important question for research was the extent to which the ontological base underlying NIB might be the subject of conceptual evolution during the pandemic. The clinic began by using domain analytical techniques to extract a NIB taxonomy from a key text; the taxonomy was then mapped to an international nursing classification and published online where it could be available for scholarship. As the pandemic evolved the DAC employed ethnographic techniques to discover ways in which the knowledge base represented by the pandemic was affected over time. The knowledge base of NIB is resilient. The taxonomy of the domain originally drawn from research and mapped to a classification of practice is sustainably efficacious throughout this project. The analysis of video transcripts reveals ethnographic contexts emerging over the course of the pandemic that provide new contours for the knowledge base. Beyond the resilient core lies a rich panoply of emergent vocabulary. The vocabulary of the pandemic itself becomes part of the knowledge base of the home care nurse. The rise of an emotional layer beyond the core vocabulary of NIB reveals the contours of the social impact of the pandemic as vocabulary concerning the very human psychological and social impacts enter the knowledge base with terms forming a credo of moral fiber, hope, dedication and determination