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Impact of dental treatments under general anesthesia on oral health-related quality of life in children: a comprehensive meta-analysis
No full textBackground Children's oral health significantly impacts their overall well-being, daily activities, and social interactions. Dental treatments under general anesthesia are often required for extensive dental problems, special health care needs, or dental phobias, particularly in pediatric populations. The objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically review and synthesize existing research on how dental treatments under general anesthesia affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children. Methods The electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines to identify studies evaluating OHRQoL changes after dental treatments under general anesthesia. Studies involving ECOHIS and COHRQoL scales in pre- and postoperative assessments were included. The mean differences between scale measurements before and after dental treatments under general anesthesia were reported as the standard mean difference (SMD), and effect sizes for Hedges' g were classified as follows: small effect (0.2), medium effect (0.5), large effect (0.8). All meta-analysis statistical computation was carried out using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for the random effects model. Results A total of 36 papers satisfied the inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in the investigation. In the pooled analysis, treatments under general anesthesia in children improved OHRQoL (ECOHIS) in the short term with a significantly large effect size (SMD = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.07-2.24, p < 0.001; tau(2) = 2.18, I-2 = 98.9, p < 0.001). Similarly, dental treatment under general anesthesia increased the COHRQoL score in children with a significantly large effect size (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.81-1.84, p < 0.001; tau(2) = 0.78, I2 = 97.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that there was evidence that OHRQoL of children receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia improves with a large effect size in the short-term following treatment
Changes in Mortality Rate due to Circulatory Systam Diseases in Turkey Based on Turkish Statistical Institude (TURKSTAT) Data (2018-2023)
No full textAN EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA SHARING STRATEGIES OF POLITICIANS ON SPECIAL DAYS
No full textToday, social media has become one of the most effective tools through which politicians can communicate directly with their constituents and quickly convey their messages to large masses. Politicians frequently prefer posts on special days to establish emotional ties with citizens and display a political stance. Careful planning of various elements is necessary for posts on special days to receive more interaction. This study aims to analyze the posts made by politicians on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter) on special days regarding form, timing, and content. In this context, the 27th Term (Member of Parliament) MPs posts on six important days between 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. The research observed that the highest number of posts was made on religious holidays, but the highest interaction was obtained on Mother's Day. Statistical analyses have shown that posts containing videos or images significantly differ from those without and that including a hashtag (#) created a significant difference in the number of likes but not in retweets. This study guides those who use social media for political communication, particularly on special days, indicating which days to focus on and what strategies to develop for effective sharing.</p
A Systematic Review on the Design of Sustainable Education Spaces
No full textThis study critically examines the literature on sustainable education spaces via bibliometric analysis. The context is a compilation of the Web of Science (WoS) database publications. Analyses include the distribution of the publications by years; countries with high broadcasting rates, journals, and universities; authors and high rates of cited publications; distribution of publications by WoS categories; research areas, and keywords. The conduction of analyses was via VoSviewer and Carrot2 applications. The results show that the studies in this area increased significantly after 2017. Most studies were from China and America, and most were in the “green sustainable science technologies” field. Studies in the fields of architecture and education emerged less during the examinations. Later, there is an investigation of the relationship between the concepts of sustainability, education, and architecture. Consequently, there is a gap in studies in which education, architecture, and sustainability disciplines are together. More studies must be conducted to fill the gap. This study can help develop future studies in the design of sustainable education environments
Preparing Pre-service EFL Teachers for a Changing World: A Qualitative Survey on Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Views about 21st Century Skills
No full text Today, teacher education institutions are updating their curricula to guarantee that pre-service teachers are sufficiently equipped to properly incorporate the 4Cs, namely creativity, critical thinking, collaboration and communication, into their instructional practices. This study seeks to examine pre-service EFL teachers' perspectives on twenty-first century skills, given their crucial role in implementing the 4Cs in educational practice. A total of 11 senior pre-service EFL teachers participated in the present study. Data were gathered with semi-structured interviews and reflection papers. The results demonstrated that pre-service EFL teachers held favorable views about 21st century skills in terms of education, the 4Cs separately, the integration of the 4Cs in the national curriculum of ELT instruction and the importance of the 21st century skills for their future careers. </p
Using past sample means in exponential ratio and regression type estimators under a simple random sampling
No full textStatistical sampling commonly employs auxiliary variables for the selection andestimation phases to improve efficiency of the estimators. However, existingestimators like ratio and product types display limitations under specificconditions. Regression-type estimators, known for their unbiasedness andefficiency, rely solely on current sample information. This highlights the need formore effective estimators capable of leveraging both past and current samplemeans to improve accuracy and applicability across diverse datasets. In thisstudy, we introduce two novel memory-type estimators, drawing inspiration fromNoor-ul-Amin's (2020) approach, which integrates past and current sampleinformation using Hybrid Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (HEWMA),particularly effective for time-based surveys. Through simulation studies and realdata examples, we evaluate the performance of our estimators and identify crucialshortcomings in previous memory-type estimator studies. Furthermore, wehighlight significant deficits in previous studies, particularly concerning theimpact of sample sizes based on past means, correlation, number of past means,weight parameters and initial values of EWMA and HEWMA algorithms, and thedistribution shape of the data on estimator efficiency. Our findings underscore theimportance of parameter selection in HEWMA, a greater number of past means,and the significance of past sample sizes for optimizing the performance of theproposed memory-type estimators. By integrating HEWMA, our approachenhances the efficiency and applicability of these estimators, addressing essentialgaps in the existing literature and laying the groundwork for more robust andefficient estimation techniques for future studies that use mean.</p
Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Timing on Oncological Survivals After Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor
No full textObjective: To investigate whether the timing of bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation (TTBCG), which plays a key role in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) affects oncologic outcomes. Methods: Patient data obtained from the Urologic Cancer Database-Bladder (UroCaD-B) of Turkish Uro-oncology Association (TUOA) were evaluated. Data from 292 patients from 12 centers with primary T1HG treated with TURBT and maintenance BCG between 2003 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The population was subdivided according to TTBCG, while recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by log-rank tests and univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Results: A total of 292 patients were followed, and 86% (n = 251) of those included in the study were male. The median duration of TTBCG was 38.5 days (19-73). The median follow-up period was 38.4 months (21.5-72.1 months). During follow-up, recurrence was detected in 55 (18.5%) patients and progression was detected in 22 (7.5%) patients. In univariate Cox regression analysis, long TTBCG (> 27.5 days) was found to have a statistically significant effect on the risk of short RFS and PFS (P = .05). BCG-related side effects were not associated with TTBCG (P = .313). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was a significant difference in RFS and PFS between the TTBCG groups (P = .04, P = .011, respectively). Conclusion: In this retrospective non-randomized study, we showed the negative effects of BCG delay on progression and recurrence in T1HG patients. Therefore, we think that BCG should be instilled within 4 weeks after surgery
Assessing the readability, quality and reliability of responses produced by ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity regarding most frequently asked keywords about low back pain
No full textBackground: Patients who are informed about the causes, pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of a disease are better able to participate in treatment procedures in the event of illness. Artificial intelligence (AI), which has gained popularity in recent years, is defined as the study of algorithms that provide machines with the ability to reason and perform cognitive functions, including object and word recognition, problem solving and decision making. This study aimed to examine the readability, reliability and quality of responses to frequently asked keywords about low back pain (LBP) given by three different AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT, Perplexity and Gemini), which are popular applications in online information presentation today. Methods: All three AI chatbots were asked the 25 most frequently used keywords related to LBP determined with the help of Google Trend. In order to prevent possible bias that could be created by the sequential processing of keywords in the answers given by the chatbots, the study was designed by providing input from different users (EO, VH) for each keyword. The readability of the responses given was determined with the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Gunning Fog (GFG) readability scores. Quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) score. Reliability was assessed by determining with DISCERN and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) scales. Results: The first three keywords detected as a result of Google Trend search were “Lower Back Pain”, “ICD 10 Low Back Pain”, and “Low Back Pain Symptoms”. It was determined that the readability of the responses given by all AI chatbots was higher than the recommended 6th grade readability level (p < 0.001). In the EQIP, JAMA, modified DISCERN and GQS score evaluation, Perplexity was found to have significantly higher scores than other chatbots (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It has been determined that the answers given by AI chatbots to keywords about LBP are difficult to read and have low reliability and quality assessment. It is clear that when new chatbots are introduced, they can provide better guidance to patients with increased clarity and text quality. This study can provide inspiration for future studies on improving the algorithms and responses of AI chatbots
The Estrogen–Immune Interface in Endometriosis
No full textEndometriosis is a gynecologic condition characterized by the growth of endometrium-like stroma and glandular elements outside of the uterine cavity. The involvement of hormonal dysregulation, specifically estrogen, is well established in the initiation, progression, and maintenance of the condition. Evidence also highlights the association between endometriosis and altered immune states. The human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes frequent remodeling in response to hormonal regulation during the menstrual cycle. Similarly, endometriosis shares this propensity, compounded by unclear pathogenic mechanisms, presenting unique challenges in defining its etiology and pathology. Here, we provide a lens to understand the interplay between estrogen and innate and adaptive immune systems throughout the menstrual cycle in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Estrogen is closely linked to many altered inflammatory and immunomodulatory states, affecting both tissue-resident and circulatory immune cells. This review summarizes estrogenic interactions with specific myeloid and lymphoid cells, highlighting their implications in the progression of endometriosis