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Depositional Settings and Basin-Fill Evolution of the Restricted Platform System on the Intra Pontide Belt During the late Eocene-?early Oligocene Transition, Western Black Sea Region, Türkiye
No full textOral and gut microbiota after acromegaly treatment: prospective assessment and insights from machine learning
No full textPurpose: The human endocrine system and microbiota interact bidirectionally. Patients with acromegaly have distinct oral and gut microbiota profiles. The study aims to investigate the effects of acromegaly treatment on oral and fecal microbiota and evaluate their associations with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) normalization. The predictive value of baseline microbiota-based machine learning algorithms regarding treatment outcomes is also analyzed. Methods: Oral and fecal microbiota samples were prospectively collected from newly diagnosed acromegaly patients before and one year post-treatment. Following DNA isolation 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed, and bioinformatic analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 19 patients were included (10 female(52.6%); mean age 48.8 ± 12.1 years). Seven patients achieved remission with surgery alone (Group 1), seven with combined surgical and medical treatment (Group 2), while five did not achieve remission (Group 3). Alpha and beta diversities were similar but microbial compositions differed significantly among the groups. In prospective analyses of Group 1 and combined Groups 1 and 2, microbiota profiles changed significantly. In Group 1, decrease in IGF-1 levels correlated positively with oral Succinivibrio. The developed classification model, using baseline microbiota profiles, accurately distinguished between the groups, and identified patients who achieved complete remission after surgery alone. Conclusion: Oral and fecal microbiota compositions in patients with acromegaly significantly change with treatment modalities and remission status with some taxa correlating with IGF-1 normalization. The findings provide preliminary evidence that microbiota may help predict treatment response. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to validate the results
Great Deluge-based metaheuristic incorporating integer nonlinear programming for modeling and solving dynamic capability-based machine layout problem
No full textThe Role of Nasal Cytology in the Phenotyping and Monitoring of Chronic Rhinitis in Children
No full textBackground: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a rhinitis subtype characterised by an IgE-mediated response in the nasal mucosa. Although the nasal provocation test (NPT) is the diagnostic gold standard, it is impractical in many centres. Consequently, patients are often misclassified as having non-allergic rhinitis, delaying appropriate treatment. This study evaluated the role of nasal cytology in the classifying and monitoring paediatric allergic rhinitis (AR), distinguishing probable LAR (pLAR), and guiding treatment. Methods: This retrospective study analysed data from 255 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinitis between March and June 2024. After applying exclusion criteria (recent allergy treatment, nasal deformities, incomplete records), 48 patients were included and grouped as pLAR (n = 11) or AR (n = 37). Nasal eosinophilia and atopy markers were assessed with clinical symptoms, before and after treatment. Results: The mean age was 10.5 years (range: 3–17), with 64.6% male. AR was diagnosed in 77% and pLAR in 23%. Asthma was the most common comorbidity (37.5%). Persistent, moderate-severe symptoms were seen in 68.8%, with pollen sensitivity present in 76.3%. After treatment, both VAS scores and nasal eosinophil rates (NEOS%) significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). NEOS% was higher in patients with atopic dermatitis and lower in those with adenoidal hypertrophy. AEC and NEOS% were positively correlated (p < 0.001), suggesting a link between systemic and local eosinophilia. Conclusions: Patients with pLAR showed clinical and laboratory improvement similar to AR following treatment. Nasal cytology may be a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool in children with chronic rhinitis
Çocuk Suçluluğu, Aile Yapısı ve Öz Kontrol İlişkisinin Toplumsal Analizi
No full textAna akım kriminolojik literatürde yer alan kontrol teorileri, zamanla suçlu davranışın güçlü bir öngörücüsü olaraköz kontrol eksikliğine ve aralarındaki olası ilişkiye odaklandı. Ancak toplumsal açıdan aile yapısında görülendeğişimlerin bu ilişkisellik nezdindeki aracı rolü ve Türkiye örneğindeki yansıması bu zamana kadar test edilmedi.Bu makale, çocuk suçluluğunun nomolojik bir belirleyicisi olarak tartışılagelen öz kontrol olgusu ile aile yapısınınilişkisel rolünü sosyo-mekansal düzlemde tartışmaya açmaktadır. Aile kurumu esas alındığında bu yazının kontrolteorisi temel alınarak gerekçelendirilmesinde ise bazı teorik varsayımlar dikkate alındı. Bu varsayımlar arasında baştaaile ve toplumsal kurumların sosyalizasyon aracı olarak değerlendirilmesinden öte ailenin toplumsal ve duygusaldestek özelliği ile insan doğasına içsel ve dışsal açıdan etki eden yönleri yer almakta, sapmanın diyalektiği olaraktoplumsal uyumun sosyal dinamiklerle etkileşim gösteren bağlamlarına ise vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu amaçla aileyapısı, çocuk suçluluğu ile öz kontrol olgusunun kategorik varyasyonları teorik sayıltılar dikkate alınarak bir diziöngörücü değişken eşliğinde hem ölçülebilir hale getirildi hem de Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu ve Türkiye Bilimselve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumundan elde edilen kurumsal veriler dikkate alınarak toplumsal gerçekliği araştırıldı.Böylelikle aracı bir değişken olarak aile olgusunun rolünün incelenmesi için ikincil veri analizine dayalı nicel biraraştırma yöntemi benimsendi. Birim zamanda gerçekleşen olay sayıları esas alınarak tabakalı düzlemde inşa edilenordinal lojistik regresyon analizine göre beklenildiği gibi çocuk suçluluğu ve öz kontrol bileşenleri arasında bireyselözellik boyutunda bir ilişkiye rastlanıldı. Ancak aile yapısı değişkeninin kontrol edilmesi durumunda düşük aileyoğunluğu hariç olmak üzere öz kontrol olgusu ve çocuk suçluluğu arasındaki ilişkinin birliktelik gösterdiği ve düşükaile yoğunluğunun olduğu sosyo-mekansal alanlarda çocuk suçluluğunun sadece öz kontrol olgusuna bağlı olmadığıtespit edildi. Araştırmanın bulguları çocuk suçluluğunun önlenmesinde yalnızca aile kurumunun yer aldığı toplumsalyapıyı güçlendirmeyi değil, aynı zamanda aile yapısının önemi nedeniyle aileye ve çocukluk evresinin gelişimselsüreçlerine içkin toplumsal ve duygusal destek aşamalarını anlamanın ceza adaleti politikaları açısından önemineişaret etmekle kalmıyor, sosyo-mekansal gerçekliği yapılandıran aile olgusundaki yapısal değişimin çocuk suçluluğuve öz kontrol değişkenleri arasındaki aracı rolüne dikkat çekiyor.</p
A review on membranes for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers
No full textAnion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) - using water and renewable electricity as the input - provide a sustainable pathway to hydrogen production. AEMWEs perform the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with modest overpotentials at practical current densities (>1 A cm(-2)). The recent catalysis, component, and system-level breakthroughs have enabled significant improvements in current densities and energetic efficiencies. The challenge, however, is to maintain these impressive activities and efficiencies through long-term operation at scale. High-performance, efficient, stable, and economically viable AEMWEs require high-performance, low-cost, and scalable anion exchange membranes (AEMs). This Review provides an overview of physical, chemical, and transport properties of commercial and non-commercial AEMs. The article discusses the operating principles, structures, characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of conventional and emerging AEMs, along with their performance and stability implications in AEMWEs. The article highlights the characteristics that have intricate implications on performance, stability, and cost. It discusses recent advances and best practices to combine high-performance, efficiency, stability, and low-cost in a single AEM structure. The Review highlights the trade-offs between AEM characteristics, with an overview of emerging approaches that would overcome performance, stability, and cost challenges. The Review concludes by highlighting the research gaps and providing research directions with the potential to take the technology a step closer to wide-scale deployment
Development of a machine learning model to predict the expanded disability status scale in multiple sclerosis patients
No full textObjective: The assessment of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is crucial for treatment decisions and prognosis estimation. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) provides a standardized way to quantify disability in MS. However, predicting EDSS scores can be challenging due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the disease. Machine learning techniques offer a promising approach to predict EDSS scores based on various patient characteristics. Methods: 231 people with MS (pwMS) who had an assessment of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive functions in three timelines (baseline (T0), first year (T1), and second year (T2)) were enrolled. The dataset used for the study consists of 126 features. Feature selection was based on feature saliency and correlation analysis. Three machine learning models —XGBoost, Random Forest, and Linear Regression —were trained on the selected features. Hyperparameter tuning was also carried out on the models. Model performance was evaluated using standard evaluation metrics, including MAE, MSE, and R². Results: The Machine Learning model based on the XGBoost algorithm performed best in predicting EDSS scores (T2). The MAE value obtained with the XGBoost model is 0.2361, the MSE value is 0.2408, and the R2 value is 0.9705. These results indicate that XGBoost's predictive ability on the current dataset is promising. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using machine learning techniques to predict EDSS scores in MS patients. The developed models show promising performance and have the potential to enhance clinical decision-making and patient management in MS care
Revisiting (neo)liberalism in land policy: Trends in property rights regimes across Europe
No full textProperty rights regimes play an important role in shaping land policy and planning policy. This paper presents the findings of comparative research on property rights regimes across Europe. Based on the survey responses of experts from 24 countries, the analysis offers a deeper understanding of various property rights regimes, and their evolution during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The paper analyses property rights regimes in various socio-economic, political and historical contexts and explores the foundational philosophical understanding of property rights in a range of countries. It highlights the diversity of approaches employed in the protection and regulation of property rights and unveils the libertarian character of the changes which occurred in liberal Western European regimes from the 1980s onward, as well as the libertarian foundations of the post-communist regimes put in place in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989. The paper therefore highlights how so-called ‘neoliberal’ approaches to land policy and planning policy, reflect a turn towards a libertarian understanding of property rights. The hope is that this understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of property rights regimes across Europe could facilitate a more informed debate around contemporary land policy and planning policy