Universidad Internacional del Ecuador
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The ultrasonographic evaluation of caudal vena cava diameter before and after fluid replacement in neonatal dehydrated calves with diarrhea
No full textBackgroundIn calves with diarrhea, it is critical to accurately determine the severity of dehydration and provide adequate fluid therapy. However, objective criteria are still limited. The aim of this study, a prospective cohort diagnostic study, is to compare caudal vena cava maximum diameter with expiration (CVCmax), caudal vena cava minimum diameter with inspiration (CVCmin), and caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVC-CI) measurements before and after fluid therapy and to establish cut-off values for distinguishing between moderately and severely dehydrated calves. Twenty-four calves, with their degree of dehydration assessed based on enophthalmos and skin elasticity duration, were divided into two equal groups. Group I: consisted of 12 calves with an estimated degree of dehydration of 8-10% and were considered moderately dehydrated (degree of enophthalmos 4-6 mm, skin elasticity duration (s) 2-5). Group II: consisted of 12 calves with an estimated degree of dehydration 10-12% and were considered severely dehydrated (degree of enophthalmos 6-8 mm, skin elasticity duration (s) 5-10). Clinical examination, complete blood count and blood gas analysis, hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, capillary refill time (CRT), L-lactate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) and ultrasonographic examinations were performed for 48 h: before treatment (hour 0), immediately after the first fluid bolus, and at hours 8, 24, and 48 after the first fluid bolus. The Friedman test was used for within-group comparisons over time, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for between-group comparisons at different time points. Categorical data were analysed using the chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test was used when expected cell counts were less than 5. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off (lower limit) of CVC diameter and CVC-CI (%) compared with selected parameters (SBP, DBP, MAP, and L-lactate) to discriminate between moderate and severe dehydration. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsCVCmax and CVCmin increased significantly after treatment in diarrheic calves (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease in CVC-CI (%) was observed in the treated diarrheic calves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CVCmax was 0.885 (95% CI: 0.823-0.946; P < 0.001), with 82% sensitivity and 85% specificity at the intercept point of 1.05, the AUC of CVCmin was 0.913 (95% CI: 0.861-0.964; P < 0.001), with 89% sensitivity and 84% specificity at the intercept point of 0.66, and were the most reliable parameters in differentiating between moderate and severe dehydration.ConclusionA significant increase in CVCmax and CVCmin diameters, along with a significant decrease in CVC-CI, was observed with fluid therapy. The CVCmax and CVCmin diameters can provide valuable information for distinguishing between moderately and severely dehydrated calves
‘Gartella’ nektarin çeşidinde çiçek seyreltme uygulamalarının meyve tutumu, verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri
No full textEVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL APPLICATIONSAND PRIMING TREATMENTS ON EMERGENCE CHARACTERISTICS INSALVIA VIRIDIS L. SEEDS
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Nane (Mentha spp.) Yaprak Tozunun Japon Bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) büyüme performansı ve karkas özelliklerine etkisi
No full textBu çalışma, Japon bıldırcın yemlerine nane yaprak tozu katkısının büyüme performans parametreleri, kesim ve sıcak karkas özellikleri ile soğuk karkas parça ağırlığı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 14 günlük yaşta toplam 160 adet karışık cinsiyetli Japon bıldırcını civcivi 28 gün boyunca %0, %1.5, %3.0 ve %4.5 düzeylerinde nane yaprak tozu katkılı yemlerle beslenmişlerdir. Çalışma, 4 uygulama grubunda, 4 tekrarlamalı olarak toplam 16 alt grupta yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda yeme nane yaprağı tozu katkısının %1.5 ve %3.0 seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre canlı ağırlık ve canlı ağırlık artışını etkilemediği, %4.5 seviyesinde ise azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Yem tüketiminde %1.5 ve %4.5 seviyesinde artış %3.0 seviyesinde ise yem dönüşüm oranında iyileşme gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, nane katkısının erkeklerde göğüs, dişilerde but ağırlığını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bıldırcın beslemede nane yaprak tozunun olumlu etkilerinin gözlemlendiği, fitobiyotik bir katkı maddesi olarak değerlendirilebileceği ve etkili kullanımının dozla yakından ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.This study aimed to determine the effects of mint leaf powder additive to Japanese quail feeds on growth performance parameters, slaughter and hot carcass characteristics, and cold carcass piece weight. In the study, 160 mixed-sex Japanese quail chicks at 14 days of age were fed with mint leaf powder supplemented at 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% levels for 28 days. The study was conducted in 16 subgroups in 4 treatment groups with 4 repetitions. At the end of the study, it was observed that 1.5% and 3.0% levels of mint leaf powder supplementation did not affect the body weight and body weight gain compared to the control, while there was a decrease at 4.5% level. An increase in feed consumption was observed at 1.5% and 4.5%, and an improvement in feed conversion ratio was observed at 3.0%. It was also determined that mint supplementation increased breast weight in males and thigh weight in females. As a result, it was concluded that the positive effects of mint leaf powder were observed in quail feeding, it can be considered as a phytobiotic additive, and its effective use is closely related to the dose
Mandibulada Ossifiye Fibrom olgusunun Cerrahi Yönetimi ve Enükleasyon Sonrası İmplant Uygulaması
No full textOrtaokul ingilizce öğretiminde sınama durumlarına genel bir bakış: 2023 öncesi ve sonrası
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Siyasi parti tipolojilerine yeni bir yaklaşım: Türkiye'de girişimci parti modeli
No full textBu çalışma, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi (CBHS) sonrasında Türkiye'de "girişimci parti" tipolojisinin görünürlük kazanıp kazanmadığını incelemekte ve bu mercekten siyasal sistemin genel dinamiklerini bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Mecliste grubu bulunan ve 2017 sonrası kurulan ve belirli kriterlere (seçime katılma yeterliliği, ittifaklar yoluyla dolaylı katılım ) göre seçilen partiler üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 20 parti yetkilisiyle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiş, Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak tematik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, girişimci partilerin ortaya çıkışını sistemsel, siyasal ve bireysel motivasyonların kesişiminde açıklamaktadır. CBHS'nin getirdiği yeni seçim sistemi ve ittifak siyaseti, küçük partilere kilit rol oynama potansiyeli kazandırarak parti kurmayı cazip hale getirmiştir. Bununla beraber temsil krizlerinin yarattığı memnuniyetsizlik, yeni aktörlere ve söylemlere alan açmıştır. Ayrıca, liderlerin pazarlık ve menfaat arayışları da girişimci partilerin temel motivasyonları arasında yer almıştır. Türkiye'deki girişimci partiler, literatürdeki profesyonelleşme vurgusundan farklı olarak; lider merkezli, zayıf örgütlenmeye sahip, düşük politika üretimi sergileyen ve genellikle iktidar hedefi taşımayan yapılar olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma, girişimci partilerin Türk demokrasisine hem fırsatlar hem de riskler taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, siyaset bilimi literatürüne kuramsal ve ampirik düzeyde özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır.This study examines whether the "entrepreneurial party" typology has gained visibility in Türkiye following the Presidential Government System (PGS) and aims to evaluate the general dynamics of the political system from this perspective in a holistic manner. The research focuses on parties represented in parliament as well as those established after 2017, selected according to specific criteria (electoral eligibility, indirect participation through alliances). In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 party officials, and the collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA software. The findings explain the emergence of entrepreneurial parties at the intersection of systemic, political, and individual motivations. The new electoral system and alliance politics introduced by the PGS made party formation more attractive by granting smaller parties the potential to play pivotal roles. In addition, dissatisfaction arising from crises of representation created space for new actors and discourses. Leaders' bargaining and interest-driven pursuits were also identified as core motivations of entrepreneurial parties. Entrepreneurial parties in Türkiye, unlike the emphasis on professionalization in the literature, are defined as leader-centered, weakly organized, exhibiting low levels of policy production, and generally not oriented toward achieving governmental power. The study demonstrates that entrepreneurial parties carry both opportunities and risks for Turkish democracy. In conclusion, it provides an original contribution to the political science literature at both theoretical and empirical levels.</p