Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

Wilde, W. H.A.

Cochrane, G. W.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PRoc. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 19 
Huttel, W., and Huttel, N. 1952. A propos de Leploconops inoponallls n. sp. de la region de 
Montpelier. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 57: 45-47. 
Gutsevitch, A. V. 1947. A new Leploconops Skuse (Diptera, Heleidae) from the U.S.S.R. 
(in Russian, with English summary). Ent. Obozr. 28: 124-130. 
Roman, E. 1937. Sur quelques arthropodes vlIlnera nts r<:coltes en Camarglle. Bu ll. Soc. 
En!. France 42: 131-136. 
BROCHOSOMES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF INSECTS OF 
WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 
By W. H. A. WILDE2 and G. W. COCHRANE3 
Some unusual sponge-like bodies of 
insect origin were noted and photo-
graphed by Cochran in 1948 while he 
was making electron-microscope ex-
am inations of leafhopper body fluids. 
Tulloch, Shapiro, and Cochran (1) 
published the first description of these 
bodie s. Tulloch and Shapiro (2) 
named them brochosomes, extended 
the known geographic and species 
range of insects known to have 
brochosomes, and described what they 
considered to be developmental forms. 
Brochosomes appear as hollow 
spheroids With perforated external 
surfaces , varying in diameter from 
240 to 600 millimicrons. Apparently 
non-living, they may be found singly 
or joined together in large masses by 
what appear as single or double 
strands. The chemical composition 
and function of brochosomes are un-
known. 
2 As s istant Ento mo lo gi s t, Canada , J)epartment oi 
Agriculture, Cresto n , Ij,C. 
3 As soc..iate Hesearch Profes sor, Department of 
B o tany and Plant P athology , Ut ah State Agriculturt:, 
C.ollege, Logan , Utah, U .S.A. 
In studies at the Utah State Agri-
cultural College brochosomes were 
found on the external surfaces of 
several species of Western North 
American insects. The specimens 
were placed in drops of ten per 
cent alcohol, and gentle manipulation 
of external surfaces of the insects 
usually dislodged an abundance of 
brochosomes which were readily ob-
served when portions of the drops 
were transferred with micropipettes to 
standard specimen screens covered 
with Formvar membranes. 
Brochosomes were found on ex-
ternal surfaces of adults of the fol-
lowing species of leafhoppers: Circulifer 
tenellus (Bake r), Dikranettra absenta DeL. 
and CI., and M.acrosteles fascifrom (Stal.). 
Specimens of M.. fasci/rons and D. ab-
senta tested were collected in two 
widely separated areas, Logan, Utah, 
and Cre s ton , British Columbia. All 
specimens of C. tmel/us tested were 
collected in Logan, Utah. 
An attempt was made to obtain 
samples of internal body fluids free 
Fig. I.- Un shadowecl electron micrograph 
of brochosomes, approximat ely X8,OOO. 
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL SoCIETY OF BRITISH CoLUMBIA, PROC. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 19H 
of contamination from the external 
surfaces of the insects. Capillary 
tubes drawn to extremely fine diamet-
ers were used to penetrate the 
exoskeleton of abdominal areas, and 
the body lluids that entered the tubes 
were then applied to the membrane-
covered copper screens for electron 
microscope examination. 
Studies were made of all stages of 
C. tene/lus, the beet leafhopper. No 
brochosomes were found within the 
egg although they occurred on ex-
ternal surfaces of the egg. Some 
were found in internal body fluids and 
on external surfaces of the first, 
second, third, and fourth instars. 
Brochosomes were also found on 
external surfaces of Drosophila melano-
gaster Mg. and Musca domestica L. None 
were found in the body fluids of these 
species, nor were they found external-
lyon or internally in Apis mellifera L., 
Vespula arenaria (Fab.), Leptocoris trivit-
tatus (Say), or M yzus persicae (Sulz.). 
Specimens of the last six species test-
ed were collected near Logan, Utah. 
References 
1. Tulloc h, G. S., J. E. Shapiro, a nd G. W. Cochrane. The occurrence of ultramicroscopic 
bodies with leafhoppers and mo squitoes. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 47: 41-42. 1952. 
2. Tulloch, G. S., and J. E. Shapiro. Brochosomes. Bull. Brooklyn Ent . Soc. 48: 57-63. 
1953. 
Inversion of a fly pupa in a puparlum 
Early in June 1956 a few score maggots 
were picked up off the floo r outside a 
preparation room where a number of heads 
of sea lions from the Quee n Charlotte 
Isla nds were awaiting preparation for the 
depa rtmental collection of skull s. The 
maggots were placed over cl ea n sand in a 
rearing cage, and in from 10 to 12 days 
large blow fli es CYll OIil )op.ris cad"vcrill llJ 
(R. D.). eme rged. In my limit ed experi-
e nce, thi, is a northern fl y or one of hi ~ her 
altitudes which rarel y o r neve r occurs as 
far south as Vancouyer. 
When the sand was sifted fo r pupae for 
pinning, one puparium was fo und with the 
two halves of the capitulum slit ope n a 
lit t le way but st ill adherent and fo ur actively 
ki ckin g fly legs protruding. The pupari um 
was chipped open very ca refull y, revea ling 
a n active but very malformed fl y lying 
compl etely reve rsed, it s head lying in the 
rounded spiracular caudal end of the punar-
ium. The head was swollen, with the 
ptilinum ex trud ed , rounded and dried; the 
an tenn ae were depressed into the antennal 
grooves: onl y the eyes were completely 
formed; the first pair o f legs was squeezed 
up aga inst the thorax and the second and 
third pa;.rs were st icking out behind; the 
wings were dried in the folded pupal condi-
tion. 
The fl y c. cadaverinlls is remarkably large 
in pro po rtion to its mature maggot, and 
the pupa normally occupi es the whole o f 
the coarctate puparium w ith little room for 
movcment, let alo ne turning. H ow then 
did th l'! fly Ixcome reversed en d for end 
in th e pupariull1 and when did the r eversal 
take place (-G. J. Spencer, Ullnil'erJity of B.C. 
Patrobus Lecontei Chd. 
PatrobllJ lecofJIei Chd . (Coleoptera: Ca ra-
hidae ). In the sUl1lmer of 1956 Prof. Carl Lin-
droth and Dr. Gco. Ball collected through the 
Crows Nest Pass, B.C., cnding up at Creston, 
where they spent a few days with me. At 
Cranbrook they had taken several Patrobus 
leconlei, a new record for the Province. 
They gave me directions to the exact spot 
of their captures. so I too k the first 
o pportuuity (12- VIII) to visit it, and' in two 
hOllrs collected 23 specimens . The exact 
spot is a patch of bulrushes to the left of 
the main hig hway on th e western approach 
of the town, and a few yards from the sign: 
"Entering Cranbrook", and th e beetl es were 
o n the mudd y margi ns of the bulrushes. 
With their bri ght reddis h legs lecontei stand 
out sharply beside our other species of 
PatrobllS. In his revi sion, The American Pa· 
trobini, 1938, Darlington lists the species from 
Newfoundland, Manitoba, Alberta and Color-
aelo.-G. Stace Smith, Creston, B.C. 


English

Brochosomes on certain species of insects of western North America

King, K. M.

Forbes, A. R.

Noble, M. D.

Chemical control of root maggots in early cabbage

Spencer, G. J.

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COL UMBIA, PROC. (1957) , VOL. 54 , D EC. 16, 1957 
o rcha rd from which thi s fruit o rig in-
ated was sa id to be in the fringe a rea 
o f the known infested a rea in Yakima. 
T hi s orchard had no t been trapped but 
traps in adjor-ning orcha rd s had ca ught 
no moths in th e past two seasons. 
The re had been no loca l r eports of 
infested fruit from this orchard and 
the only pos sibl e sign of trouble mig h t 
be a ssoc iat ed with twig flagging, a 
symptom not unu sual with twig borer 
damage. 
It was learned that two canneries 
in the Okanagan, the Yo rk Cannery 
at Osoyoos and Barkwill s at Summ er-
land, had received fruit from the sam e 
area, Yakima, whil e a third canne ry, 
Rowcl iffe at Kelowna, had received 
peaches only from the Wenatchee 
a rea. The Osoyoos cannery had com-
pleted ope ration s but th e personnel 
had no t seen any infested fruit. The 
Kelowna cannery was s till in oper-
at ion ; a ca reful check of the stock on 
hand did not reveal any. larvae. It 
was concluded that the Summerland 
a r ea would have to be considered in-
fested, as larvae had been found ; the 
Osoyoos area possibly infes ted as 
peaches had been obtained from th e 
sam e source ; but the Kelowna area 
could be considered as not infes ted, 
a s the fruit used was from another 
source and no infes tat ion was found 
on inves tigation. 
Federal and Provincial offic ia ls, 
a la rmed at the finding of o riental fruit 
m oth la rvae in Summerland, decided 
that definite action must be taken in an 
endeavour to prevent this in sect from 
becoming established in th e Okanagan 
Vall ey. Consultations were held with 
U . S. a utho ri ties ve r sed in urien ta I 
fruit moth and fumigation procedure~. 
Canad ian a uth oriti es concerned them-
selves w ith methods to be u sed in an 
a ttempt to eradi cate this potenti a l 
pest. 
I t \Vas decided that before the 1957 
g rowing season commenced the can-
neries at Osoyoos a nd Summerland 
would be compl et ely covered wi th 
ta rpa ulin s and fumigated w ith methyl 
bromide. T he o rchard adjacent to the 
S umm erland property would be re-
moved and burned and the land fum i-
ga ted with methyl bromide. The same 
fumigant would be u sed on the fruit 
dump at Osoyoos and the hill side ad -
joi ning the cannery at Summerland. 
The ripening rooms of both canneries 
would receive a fall fumigation. Sprin g 
a nd summer spraying of hos t plants o f 
the orien ta l fruit moth would be 
undertaken in the a rea s adjacent to 
the canneries . and compensation would 
be a rranged for fruit unfit for hum an 
consumption due to excessive DDT 
re sidue. Insect traps would be placed 
Oil tho. fumigated buildings and in an 
a rea beyond a one-mile radiu s, as well 
as spot tra pping from th e Interna-
Boundary to Summerland. 
It is hoped that this combined Pro-
vincial-Federal ac tion will fo res tall the 
establi shm ent o f oriental fruit m oth 
in the Okanagan Valley. Should this in-
sec t becom e established and prove to 
be of economic importance, it could 
cost th e tree fruit industry som e 
$200,000.00 a yea r. An estima ted in-
vestment of $65,000.00 attempting 
eradi cation was considered well worth 
while. 
Royal Jelly, the New Elixir 
Last winter the School o f Domestic Science 
asked me where a supply of royal jelly 
could be obtained. Apparently th e School 
of P hysical Education was seeking it to 
feed to the basketball t eam to enable th em 
to win games. I applied to Hugh B. Leech 
of the California Academy of Sciences who 
sent me the ad dresses of two firms who 
supply royal jelly in reta il o r wholesale lot s. 
Fabulous cla ims a re made for it. For a 
mere $60.00 you c;J/n obtain a month's suppl y 
to enabl e you to accomplish almos t anything, 
physically or m entally. As might be ex-
pected, th e amounts required for these 
miracles, a re very small indeed. The latest 
use for it is in cosmetics; as a skin food. 
one application will remove wrinkles for 
24 hours and for a m ere $10.00 one can be -
come young again.-G. ,. Sp encer, D ept of 
Zoology, University of British Columbia. 


Royal Jelly, the New Elixir

Hardy, George A.

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PRoc. (1957), VOL. ~4, DEC. 16, 1957 
NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORIES OF FIVE SPECIES OF 
LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND, 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 
GEORGE A. HARDY 
Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. 
The fo llowing no te s deal with the 
complete life histo ry of fiv e species o f 
L epidoptera , f rom egg to pupa. These 
are : i llcisatia moss; Hy. Edw. , Venus;a 
pearsall; Dyar, Perizoma mrvilinea H lst., 
S podole pis sllbstriafar;a danbyi H lst. and 
Xylomiges candida Sm. 
Th e food plant s o f the varIOUS 
species are ei th er tho se given in "An 
Ann otated Check L ist of the M acro-
lepido ptera of B r i ti s h Co lumbia" 
(Ll ewe ll yn-J ones, J. R. J., E nt. Soc. 
H.C. Occ. pape r 1, 19j 1) o r supplemen-
tary to them. 
i llcisalia mossi Hy. Edw. 
Since little seems to have been pub-
li shed on the li fe histo ry of thi :; 
species, the following note s may be of 
interest to students of the genus. 
I . moss; is one of four species record-
ed for B riti sh Columbia. It is a small, 
inconspicLlo Ll s, dark brown butterfly, 
rather local, usually fo und o n steep, 
rocky slopes that face we st, where 
the foo d plant, Sedllm spalhul;fOlill17l, 
grows abundantly. It flie ,; from late 
Ma rch to mid- May. 
T o secure ova, fema les were re-
peatedly caged over va ri ous shrubs 
and trees dur ing se\'e ra l yea rs, but 
without res ul ts. Eventua ll v it was 
noticed that th e stonecro'p, Sedum 
spathlllifolillm, was a lways nea r the 
ha unt s of l. moss;, and a ft e r caging the 
butterflie s with stonec rop, o va were 
fina ll y ob tained and the cate rpillars 
r eadily rea red. Seve ral cate rpill a r s of 
diffe rent ages were studi ed, and the 
~! ata obtai ned averaged for the fo llow-
lIlg sequences. 
Ovum. Ova depo sited, singl y April 
14 to ]\'[ay 2, on the ti p of the bracts 
o r at t he base o f the Hower buds; 
sometimes o n the underside o f the 
leaves near the inHorescence. Size, 
.75 by .33 mm. A somewhat flattened 
di sc cove red with fine r eticulations 
that have r a ised hyaline m a rg ins g iv-
ing the egg a hoa ry appearance and 
ca using it to blend into th e bloom-
covered food plant . The micropylar 
area is deeply sunk below the surface 
a nd has small er r e ticulation s. Colour, 
a pale, pastel g reen matching the 
leaves. Hatched on o r about May 1. 
Larva. 1st Instar. L ength 1.5 mm. 
Head piceous b rown, large in pro-
portion to the re st of the body, 
smooth , shiny . Body smooth, tape ring 
from the head w ith no indica tion of 
the oni sciform shape of the later 
stages ; four long itudinal rows of 
small black dot s each bearing a long, 
curved , white ha ir; the hairs on the 
tho rac ic segments directed forward, 
the remainder backward; leng th of 
ha irs about eq ual to width of body. 
A small, dark brown plate on the 
dor sum of the first tho rack segment. 
T he ninth abdominal segment fl a tten-
ed, rounded at the t ip, held in :t hori-
zontal position ; a small dark spot 
prese nt on th e dorsa l surface at the 
base. Growth was comparatively slow 
at first; the cate rpillars finally bored 
throug-h the base in to the hear t of the 
bud where, hidden from view, they fed 
on the ova ry and a nthers. 
2nd Instar. Ma v 12. Len rr th 5 J ,..., 
111111. Head dark brown; body honey 
colour to g ree ni sh yellow, a faint 
lig-hte r dor sal line, evenly cove red 
with a short. dense . light brown pile. 
Oni scifo rm shape now obvious, th e 
head retracted within the fir~ ; t thoracic 
segment. Abdominal segments 1 to 7 
with a pair o f oblifJue. browni sh 
str ipes. Fragm ent s of th e bloom from 
the food plant enta ng led a l11 0ng the 
hai rs helped to camoufl age the cater-
pi1Jars. A t the c{lI1c lu sio n of thi s 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (19~7), VOL. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 41 
stage they could be seen half in, half 
out of the flowers, or partly curled 
round the stem at the base. 
3rd Instar. May 20. Length 10 to 
12 mm. Fully onisciform, segments 
much ridged, folded and overlapping. 
A prominent lateral fold. Head 
piceous to dark brown. Body pale 
greenish yellow, matching the colour 
of the flowers; spiracles pink ringed 
with black; oblique stripes as before. 
In some caterpillars the stripes are 
faint or absent. 
4th Instar. May 25. Length 16 
to 17 mm. Head dark brown. Body 
greenish yellow, some caterpillars 
with stripes edged dorsally with white, 
spiracular fold whitish in some cases. 
May 28. Length 18 to 20 mm. Cater-
pillars mature; pupated May 31. Be-
fore pupation the caterpillars left the 
food plant and sought a sheltered 
niche. In confinement one caterpillar 
chose the side of a flowt::r pot under 
some dry moss; others chose the bot-
tom of the rearing jar. First they 
spin a light silk mat then over the 
fore part of the body a silken girdle 
which is attached to the mat. The 
tip of the last abdominal segment is 
also attached to the mat. 
Pupa. Size 11 by 7 mm. Short and 
squat; pale yellow to beige at first, 
eventually becoming dark chocolate; 
a pale dorsal line flanked by a double 
row of small fuscous dots on each side. 
Spiracles white. 
Imago. One emerged April 3. 
One group of caterpillars ate the 
leaves and parts of the stems when 
confined over a plant from which 
the flowers were faded or absent. 
Caterpillars reared on the flowers 
were yellow, but tho se with the var-
ied diet ranged from a dark vinaceous 
red through flesh-pink to .greenish-
yellow, with the oblique stripes mo re 
prominently marked. 
Ve1111sia pearsalli Dyar. 
Ovum. A female taken in Saanich 
laid several ova May 6 and 7, 1956. 
Size .6 by .5 mm., slightly flattened. 
minutely reticulate, pale green, becom-
ing darker just before hatching on 
May 14. 
Larva. lst Instar. Length 1.5 mm. 
Head pale translucent brown. Body 
semi-translucent pale, whitish-green. 
Very restless at first, nibbled at ocean 
spray, HoiodiscIIs discolor, but finally fed 
on red alder, A/nilS rubra. 
2nd Instar. May 18. Length 4 
mm. Head pale green, almost colour-
less, and translucent. Body pale 
gretln, with glaucous inter-segmental 
rings, and small, pale brown, tubercle-
like dots, each bearing a short, white 
hair. 
3rd Instar. May 24. Length 6 to 
10 mm. Head translucent, greenish 
white. Body green, a dark, suffused, 
deep-seated dorsal line showing heart 
pulsations, thin white subdorsals, pale 
yellow intersegmental rings. 
4th Instar. May 31. Length 15 to 
17 mm. Head as before. Body apple 
green above, sage-green below, pale 
yellow, somewhat incomplete sub-
dorsals, legs and claspers pale green, 
spiracles indistinctly greenish. Larvae 
hid among folded leaves when not 
feeding. Larvae full-fed on June 10, 
pupated between the leaves or in slight 
depressions in the soil. 
Pupa. Size 8 by 3 mm. Shiny, light-
ly punctate, pale brown abdominal 
segments; cremaster about six spin-
ous hairs, twisted together and set 
on a rugose base. . 
Perizoma curt,i/inea Hlst. 
Ovum. Twenty ova from one fe-
male taken in Saanich, Vie re laid 
irregularly on the bottom and sides of 
a chip box, August 13. 1956. Size, 
] .0 by .75 mm. , depressed oval, slight-
ly larger at one end; smooth, with 
well defined reticulations ; creamy 
white. Hatched August 22. 
Larva. 1st Instar. Length 4 111111 . 
Very sl ender. Head pale brown. 
Hody colourless, semi-tran sparent with 
sparsely di stributed short hairs. Did 
not eat the egg shell. Fed on ocean 
spray, Holodiscus discolor, afte r trying a 
number of herbs and shrubs. 
42 ENTOMOI.OGICAI. SOCI ETY OF BRITISH COI. UMBIA , PROC. (t957) , VOL. 54 , DEC. t6, 195 7 
2nd Instar. August 27. Length 7 
mm . Hcad pinki sh-hru\\"n. Hod)' 
i>rownish-green blending int u a lighter 
colourcd, supra-spiracu lar line with 
its v cntral bordcr maro' >n: und crsidc 
pinki sh. 
3rd Instar. Sc pte ml )c r 3. L cng th 
12 III Ill. Head milky-w hite with light 
i,rown feat hcl-ing on sides and centrc . 
n od)' li g ht bnl\\"I1 \I'i th sh() :'!", !'ca ttc r -
ed . black hair s. 
4th Instar. Septem be r 9. I_c ngth 
J ~ tu 20 mm. l":leac1 sie nn a , wi th t\\·o 
yc rtical, whitish hars. Ilody pal c ru sty 
to s ienna , w ith a fa in t pink tinge , 
spi racubr linc m a roon, undersid c 
palcr with a pal e-ho rde rcd, dark , in -
te rrupted centra l line. 
Full fed on Septe111bcl- 18. Length 
2~ 111111. Head a s I,efo re. Dody as 
befo re but with indi s tinct doubl e dur-
sa l, and single subdorsa l lin es; under-
sid e with two pa le yel lo w lin es sli ght ly 
dive rgent on centre of cach segmcnt. 
] 'upated September 22, within a s li ght 
c' >cuun among debri s. 
Pupa. Sizc 10 by 2.5 mm . A I111 0st 
cylindrical. smooth , dull , r ed-brown ; 
c;-em<l s tcr. two parall cl spines re cun'-
cd at tip in same plan c and at top uf 
a /"llgose conica l ba sc . 
5 podole pis mbs/rialmic/ dallbyi HIst. 
Ovum. A female tak en in Saa nich 
bid 14 ova April 23, 1956. Size, 1.0 
by .9 111m. Oblong-oval, finely s triatc 
and cross-ribbed ; palc creal11, turning 
a sa lmon colour in a day ur two. 
Hatched l\lay 10. 
Larva. 1st Instar. Length 4 111m . 
Slender, very acti ve . Head light 
bro wn with darker m o ttlings. Body 
translucent purpli sh-brown , with two 
li g ht lines ; underside w ith two purp-
li sh s tripes: body colour inten sifi ed on 
ce ntrc of sOl11e segm e nt s g iving a 
ri nged cffect . 
2nd Instar. May 15. Length 6 to 
12 111111. Head sliuare . pa le pinkish , 
with threc brown a reas one on each 
sid e a nd one o n th e ve rtex. n odv 
grey-green with scve ral longitudinal 
lin cs ; a faint , dark green dorsal, a 
white subdursal, and it broad whiti sh 
spiracular line; spiracle s ringed with 
blacl.;:; ullde rs id e with a wide whiti sh 
ccntra l ba nd a nd a thinner one on each 
side; a pair of bl ack do t s on dor sum 
of ea ch of abdominal segments two to 
scvc n. Fed on wil1o \\'s, Salix mackel/zie· 
aI/a a nd S . .reolilerial/a. 
3rd Instar. May 21. Lcngth 12 to 
15 111111 . .I-lead whiti sh, hea\"ily specld -
cd wi t h da rk, g reeni sh -brown , leav ing 
t \\ ' 0 white ba r s on each s ide of t he 
face. n udy "agc grecn , four black 
dots O il do rsum o f eac h segment, two 
pair :; fo rw a rd a nd two backward , with 
nne lin es conn ecting the outer do t s; 
th e do rsa l space betwcen darke r, and 
tinged with green; a con spi cuous black 
lin c jus t beluw th e spiracles; unde r -
s id e grey w ith a broad whiti sh central 
lill e; Tho racic segme nt s with a cen -
tra l, black lin e on do rSUI11 . Som e 
lan'ae bluish grey with seve ral thin , 
whit e lin es breaking up th e g round 
c()l our: spirac les black, a tinge uf ye l-
10\\' alollg th e spiracular line. 
4th Instar. May 23 . Length 22 to 
2.1 111111. H ead pinki sh, heavily spo t -
ted w ith bla ck un sides and tu p, lea\" -
ing- a white bar on ea ch side 
continuous with sub-do rsal s. n od v 
colour and l11arkings intensifi ed, get;-
era l cul our g rey to warm brown, im -
pa rtcd by fine brown vcrl11 icula tions 
on it white and ochre base; dorsum of 
first thuracic segmcnt ,vith a black 
line . a pair of black spots 011 the sec-
ond and third, the spots joined by a 
dark oblique line; a transverse bla ck 
bar on th e seventh abduminal, which 
ha s a corresponding raised ridge; 
hour-glass fuscous outlines on dur -
sum o f abdomina l segments. Some 
lan-ae ha ve underside concolorous wi th 
dorsum: spiracles pink, ringeel with 
bla ck. 
5th Instar. June 5. Length 28 to 
35 111111 . :I l ead pal e blue -grey. heavily 
"pottcd with fuscous , lea vin g two 
parallcl vertica l hars on the sides: 
Thora cic segm ent s as beforc. fir st to 
seve llth abdominal segments with 
suffu<;ed, d iam ond- shaped marks 0 11 
rlo r,;um: general colour ligh t grey to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIFTY 01 BRITISH COL U MllIA , PRO C. (1957) , VOL. 5,4 , DE C. 16, 195 7 4 .> 
~ie nna hro \\'n ; unde rside pearl g re y 
\lith \I'id e, dark brown sub- spira cular 
lin e. Som e lar va e are unifo rml y sie n-
na bro\\ 'll \\ 'ith no dark sub-spira cular 
lin e ; d o r ~a l pattern chi ef ly pal e crea m 
tran~\'e r ~e marks he l \\'e en eac h seg-
m ent. J .<t l'\ 'ae fu ll -fed hy Jun e 8 , 
Pupa. l'unlained ill a ligh t cocoon 
~pun O il the surfa ce of the g round 
under leah' debris , Size 14 by 4 mill. 
S lend e r, e lungated. sm ooth ,- shiny: 
\\'ing cases linel y \\Tinkl ed; abdome ll 
punctate a round ce ntre of each seg-
m ent; da rk, piceous brown. Cre-
ma ste r, t \\' o s tou t spines, \\·ilh r eClln'-
cd tips , subt ended by 4 to 6 shl lrt , 
slend e r r eClln'ed hair~. a ll a ll a cO ll ica l, 
ru gose I>a se. 
Xyloliliges ralldida Sm. 
Thi s is a \ I\1este rn A m e rica n species , 
on the wing from l\Iarch to May. I t 
ma y be found at r es t on tree trunk s 
by -cla y and is attracted to light hy 
night. \ !\l ing expanse 35 t o 38 mm . 
th e primaries m ottled with light and 
clark g rey, th e secondarie s sa tiny 
white , hence the specifi c nam e which 
mea n s shining white. 1\0 refe rable 
account is available to me , a nd no 
mention of th e food plant is reco rded 
in Jone s' li st. 
Ovum. A captured female from 
Saanich , land a gI-OU[l of about 110 
ova May 10. 1955, piled togeth er ill 
three layers ill a low py ramid, S ize.5 
to .3 mm. , a flattened ova l, vertica lly 
ribbed, shiny whit e with a light brown 
ring around the uppe r part , mi croplyar 
area m a rked with a brown do t , be-
coming- darker at maturity ; hatched 
.:'ITay 30. 
Larva. 1st Instar. Length,2 111111. 
Head light brown, dotted with black. 
Body tran sluscent purpli sh, with a few 
short hairs. The larva consumed the 
egg shell. Young- caterpi ll ars very 
active, soon scattering in a ll direc-
tions . They commonly spin a suspen-
so ry threacl. 
2nd Instar. June 10. Length 8 to 
10 mm. Head pale greenish dotted 
with bl ack. Body pal e green to blui sh, 
\\'ith black do t s, each segment bea ring 
a shu rt hair ; thin , white do rsa l and 
sub-dorsal lines edged \vith fu scou s. 
~piracular lin e broad , white. Feeds 
pre fe rabl y un bruad Ica\'e d 111 ~ lpl e, A re; 
lIlarrophylllllll, but also feed s on SaIl.\' 
s(olllerialia and AIIll/s mbra. 
3rd Instar. lun e 15. Lcngth 2() 
111111. Head as I;cfo re. I\ udy va ry ing' 
shade s of d ra h g ree n, o r bru\\n , Thin . 
\\hite dursal ~l nd suiJ -durs;d lin e~ 
~ ()lll e time~ pre~en t: spira cular line 
hruad, \\ 'hit e, cdg'ed do rsall v \\ ' illl 
black. 
4th Instar. Jun e 22 , Length 2,) 
tIl 3.~ m111. J iC ld pale hro \\'n with ;1 
~111a ll dark e r obliqu e ~ tripe on e~l dl 
"id e (if the \'erl ex, and darke r ret icula -
tion s on th e side s. Body red-brO\\'Il 
\\ 'ith lin e etchings and ir ro rati ons of 
fu sco us, Dorsa l and sub-clo rsa l as be-
fure: spiracubr \, ith a fa ill t ru sty 
tinge a l()ng the ce ntre o f the b roa d 
\\'hit e hand: spiracle s \\' hite , rin ged 
\\'ith bla ck. 'Cnderside conco lo rous 
\\·ith th e uppe r. Lan'ae fu ll grO \\'l l 
Jun e 28; va rying fro m pinki sh -brown 
to dull , fuscous brown , with inte rrupt-
ed dark c\orsal line . and little o r no 
evidence of sub-dorsals. Th e fully fed 
la rva vva s 40 llllll . long. Larvae rest 
'Jetween the leaves , and curl into a 
ring when disturbed. ] uly 9. l\iost 
o f the laniae fo rmed tough cocoun s 
beluw the surface uf the soil. 
A lan'a taken on Arbu/us mellziesii 
lul y 3, 1953, matched the a rbutu s 
~te;11s, a bright sienna. Thi s one 
pupated on J lIly 26 and emerged on 
April 1 S, 1954. 
Pupa. Size 16 by 6 111m. Smooth. 
shiny, wing case s dark, piceous brown ; 
abdomen light brown with short , dark 
s treaks scattered ove r the segment s. 
Cremaster, two stout, outwardly re-
curved , hooked spines, with four 
shorter, slender spines at the base: all 
placed directly on the tip of the la st 
segment, and not on a raised tubercle 
as -is communlv the rase. 
Imago. Eme rged April 3 to 16, 1956. 


Notes on the life histories of five species of lepidoptera from southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Fulton, H. G.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1957), VOL. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 
UNUSUAL DAMAGE TO POTATOES BY THE TWO-SPOrrED SPIDER 
MITE, TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS (L.), IN THE 
LOWER FRASER VALLEYl 
H . G. FULTON 2 
Entomology Laboratory, Chilliwack, B.C. 
Ear ly ill .J ul y, 1956, it was obse rved 
t hat the tops of lat e Yetted Cem po-
tatoes we re bruwl1ing alld dying uff in 
a 14-acre field at :-;ardis, nrit i ~h Co l-
umbia.ll1\ est igat io ll sh()w eci that the 
damage was caused by hrge numbe rs 
(Jf the t \Vo-sputted mite , Telrallychlls 
le/Clrilfs eL. Y Infested areas were 
particularly Ilotic e;lbl e at th e edge o f 
the fie ld adjoining a ditch and hedge-
row of weeds and brush. Late r in 
July and during August similar dam-
age was fuund in potatu fleld s at Cole-
brook and Cloverda le. Although this 
mite has been recorded as a pest o f 
potatoes in vVashington and Idaho, 
this is the first time to the writer 's 
knowledge that it has damaged pota-
toes in British Columbia. Large 
populations of the mite were a lso ob-
served on sweet corn, pole beans, and 
marigolds at di fferen t loca tions. 
1. Contribution No, 3648, Ento l1loiog-y ])i\-ision, 
Science SCI-vice, Department of Agriculture , Ottawa, 
C anada. 
2. ' f'echllicai Offi ce !". 
1. lden tified b)' C. V. c. ~-r org-a ll. Entomology 
Laboratory. SUlllmerland, D.C. 
The fact u rs fa vouring the outbreak 
are Jl()t clearly understood. The sum -
mer was general ly hot and dry but no 
reco rd s were set. However, general 
weather conditions Illust have been 
favourab le for the rapid multiplication 
of the Illites . A possible contl-ibutory 
factor is the widespread use of DDT 
to control the tuber nea beetle. Vari-
ous researchers have shown that u se 
of DDT is followed by an increase in 
the abundance of mites. Some say 
that the natural predators are killed 
(Pickett, 1949); others claim that 
mites exposed to DDT lay more eggs 
(Hueck, 1955); sti ll othe r s state that 
the insecticide brings about changes 
in plant nutrition and composition 
(Klostermeyer and Rasmussen, 1953). 
The si tua tion is worth watch ing 
since one or more of the recently in-
tl'oduced contl'ol pl'actices for other 
potato pests may [aYOllr increase of 
the Illite. 
References 
Pickett, A . D. A cntIquc o n ins ec t chemical control method s. Can. En\.. 81 : 67 -76. 19~9. 
Hueck, H . J. Thc population-dynamics of the fruit tre e red spiel er "ith special referen ce 
to the influence o f DDT. Proefschr. Rijkslluiv, Leidcn, 1~8 P[l., 1953. Rev. Appi. Erll . 
(A) 43: 340-342. 1955. 
Klostcrmeyer, E. C. and VI/. D. Ra smussen . The effect of soil in sec (i,ide (reatmcnts 011 
mitc pOJlulation a nd damage. J. Econ. Ent. 46 : 910-9 12. 1953. 
The Wharf Borer in a Vancouver Branch Library 
In June, 1956, I was asked to investigate 
some beetle s which the librarian s of a 
hran ch library had found flyin g around thc 
premises and had tentatively identified h om 
litcrature as Nacc,.da me/anura (L.), the wharf 
bo rer. Th eir identifi cat io n was co rrect. 
In volume 43 of t he Proceedings of our 
Society, T publi sherl an article "An unusual 
record of the wharf bore r in buri ed piling", 
reporting that this beetle bred at tidewater 
in piling that had bee n covered by a slab 
of conc rete fo r thirty years. The branch 
library is a one-storey. 1500 sq uare foot 
building, loca ted on to p of a littl e hill with 
natural drainage o n al l s id es. There is 
no basement and o nl y small ventilat.or open-
in gs in front, so thal most of tlie fl oo r is 
ove r a dead air space. In February, 1957, 
the library was closed fo r 10 days for re-
pairs to the fl oo r and I was able to pro-
cure half a sinkful of sodden black lumber 
which the carpenters had thrown out from 
underneath the floor. Some 16 N . me/allum 
emerged from this material in the course of 
the next six weeks. 


Unusual damage to potatoes by the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), in the Lower Fraser Valley

30 E NTOM O LOG IC ,\J. SOC IETY O F BRITIS II CO LU Mili A, PR OC . (1 955 ) , V OL. 52, APRIL 30. 19 56 
w cll a s 0 11 sec d crops o f par snip and 
dill: hencc it m ay be assum cd th a t out -
brea k s m ay occ ur again. O th cr 
spec ics of L)'glls hav e pnJVcd capa bl e 
uf r edu cing sccd y icld s und e r caged 
conditi on s, but o utbrcak s h a\'e no t 
occurred in ca rro t secd crops in B ri t-
ish Columbia. S po radi c infes tati ons of 
t he Pacifi c Coa st wire\\' o rm ha \'e 
uccurred in som e crops, bu t da m age 
h as not bee n se ri ous. O th c r injuri ous 
in scc t s infcs t ca n o t seed c rop ~, bu t 
th ey have not ca used se ri ous c1 a m <1ge 
at G rand F o rk s. 
Acknowledgments 
Th e au thor is indcbt ed to Dr. E . ll . 
r"landfo rd , O ffi ce r-in -Cha rgc o f th c 
K a m loops labora to r y , fo r dat a on th e 
in sec t outbreak s o f -] 947 and 1948 and 
on contro l o f th e bu g L. sCJlle/lallls. 
Data fo r 1950 on in sect infcstati ons, 
prcvalen cc of di sea se, and damage 
cl one by bug s of th e L. lineolaris"eliSlis 
g roup w e re k indl y prov id ed by Dr. 
H. n. :\ [acCarth y of th c Kallll oops 
labo rato r v. Fo r idcntifi cat ion a nd 
a pprai sa l -of di scases atta ckin g ca rrot 
seed cro ps, the a u t ho r g ra tefu ll y 
acknO\l'I cdgcs th e a ss is ta nce of :\Ir. 
C. L. \ Vou lliam s, Associat e Pl ant 
] )ath ulogis t , Plant P a th o logy L abora -
tun", Summ c rland , H.C. \;Vil d host 
pl a ;lt s U ll w hi ch L. SC1Ilellall1S breeds in 
t hc sO llth ern int e ri o r o f Bri t ish Colum -
bia \\'c rc kindl y id entifi cd by Dr. 
T. :\1. C. T ay lo r, H ead, D epa rtm ent of 
n o tan y , C ni\-e r s ity o f Briti sh Colum-
bi a , a nd l\ '[ cs s r s , W . L P ringl e 3nd 
A . l\ TcLea n, Domini on R a nge Ex pe ri -
m ent S ta ti on , E x pc rim cnta l Fa rm s 
Sc n 'icc, l-':aml oops, B.c. 
References 
;\I exa nd e r, c. ]>" D epa rtm en t of E n tomology. III Annu al repo rt , 19-12, 34AO. ~ fa " a C' llus­
ell s Agr. Ex pt. S ta. Bull. 398, 1943. 
B rit ta in, VI/. H. t\o tes on L Yf,lIs camp eJlJ'iJ L inn . In 1\'0 \';[ ~lco ti a. 1' roc . Ent. Soc. :\ o" a 
Sco tia , 1918 ; 76-81. 1919. 
Ha ndfo rd , 1< . H . L yglls campeJlri.r ( L.): :\ ne\\' pest o f carro t seed cro ps. Ca n. Ent. 81: 
123- 126. 19-19. 
Hand fo rd , "~ . H ., a nd C. L t\ eil so n. In sects of the ,eason 19-19 in th e inte ri o r of Briti sh 
Columbi a . I n The Ca nadian In sect l' e>t J.,eyie\\' 28: 7-10. Ca nada Dept. A g r. , Di\·. E nt. 
( processed ) . 1949. 
Kni g ht, H . H. A revision o f th e ge nu s L Yf, IIJ as it oC'c urs in Am e ri C'a nor th of :-rexi co, \\' ith 
hi ological da ta o n spec ies from Ne\\' York. CO l'll e ll Uni\·. Ag r. Ex pt. Sta. B ul l. 391 : 
592-594. 1917. 
Kni g h t , n . H. T he plan t bugs, o r \Iirid ae, of Illin uis. lliinois t\at. .I'i is t. Sm v. Bu ll. 22. 
1941. 
\[ a t th C\\'ma n, \V. C. I n Th e Ca nadi a n In sec t r es t 1 ~C\' i e\\' 19: 198. Ca nad a D ept. :\ gr ., 
Di v. E nt. (processed). 1941. 
Pa rshl ey, H. \I. O n some Hemip tera from \Ves tern Ca nada . Uni v. \fi chi ga n, Occa sional 
P a per \Iu s. Zool. No. 71. 1919. 
l'a rsh ley H . ~r. A repo rt o n some H emiptera from Briti sh Columhia. Proc . En t. Soc. 
Briti sh Colum bia (Syst. Se r .) 18 : 13-2-l . 1919. 
S tri ckland. E . H . An a nn o tated lis t of th e H elllipte r;] (S. L. ) o f Alherta. Ca n. En l . 85 : 
193-214. 1953 . 
Wag ner, E., an d I. A . S la ter. Conce rnin g 
te ra). 1'roc. En t. SoC' . vV as hin gto n 54 : 
\Vhitcomh, VV. D . Th e hi olog:y and C' o nt ro l 
chu se tt s Ag r. Ex pt. S ta. B ull. 473 : 1- 15. 
some H a l;) rct ic \ Ii rid ae 
273-276. 19.,2. 
o f L l'f, lIJ CCl lll pestriJ L on 
1953. 
( H emi pte ra, H ete ro p-
celery. 
House Fly Ma ggots Infes ting a Child's Bed 
In October 1952, a public hea lth In -
s pec to r hroug ht in from Nort h Va ncouve r, 
som e ve ry sma ll maggots \\'hich had been 
removed from th e surface and h om in sid e 
th e fahri c o f a m a ttress o f a child 's bed. 
The in spector said th a t a similar in fe s ta -
ti o n had occurred ea rli er tha t season on a n 
expensiv e ma ttress rece ntl y purC' hased with 
a n e\V bed. Th e o \\'n e rs had contacted th e 
s tore fr 0111 \\'hi ch the hed had been plll'chaseci 
a ud th ey a nd t he ma nage r o f th e store a nd 
th e health in s pect.or, had sh redd ed th e m at-
tress and found man y m aggots and puparia 
in side th e st u ffin g. The s to re th en replaced 
t he ma t tress an d sho rtl y afte n \'a rds, more 
m aggot s \\'e re found in th e ne\\' one. As 
usual in such cas es, th e peo ple con ce rned 
co nside red t hey had do ne th e ri gh t th ing 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA , PROC. (1955) , VOL. 52, APRIL 30, 1956 3 1 
by d renching the mattress , the bed and th e 
room, \I-ith in sect icide, However, t he 1Il -
spector saved six m aggots to bring tn m e, 
Three of the se died s ho rtl y aftenl'ards, but 
t h r ee pupated a nd betwee n November 14 a nd 
t(m'ember 18, th r ee flie s emerged \I-hic h I 
id enti fied as MUI cc/ domeJt ic({ Linn, th e com -
mon ho use fl v, The fli es were sca rce lv 
half the size 'of norma l house Hie s so 'I 
sent one t o 'dr , C, E, She\l-el l, Division 
of EntDm o logy, Otta\\'a, ,,-110 confirmed m y 
id entifica ti on, 
T he in s pector said that the house ",here 
the infes ta t ion occ urred ,,-as right o n the 
sea sho re , bel onged to people of some s ub -
s tance, \I-as ext reme ly Cle;lIl a nd ,,-c ll kept 
anc! that ti le housc\I-ife clecla r ed thai the 
baby ', bed ,vas a lways em-cred \I-it h a rubber 
sheet under t he no rmal hed clothes, Prob;lbly 
the rubbe r sheet leaked and the matt ress 
became s-a a k ed ,,-ith ur in e, a nd \I-hen it 
\I-as hung o ut to d ry, t he flies bid eggs upon 
it; ce rt a inl y a diet of urine was fam ine ra-
tions beca use th e maggots \I-ere half sta rved 
and st unt ed a ncl the fli es were th e smallest 
I have ever see n of thi s s pecie s , 
A m o ngst a lo ng li st o f s ub stan ces on 
\\'hich o r ill \\'hich ho use Hy maggots ca n 
d cve lo p He\\'itt* r eco rci s "s ubs tanc es con-
taminated or m ixed \I-ith exc r emental p r'J-
ducts, s uch as beddin g from pi gge rie s a nd 
fro111 rabbits anc! g uinea pigs, papcr and 
text ile fabrics wh ich have becn contamin -
ated, as cotton and \\'ooll e n ga rme nt s, sac k -
in g , rot ten Hock-beds, stra\I' mattresses, cess 
pool s, c t c," , but he does not m c ntio n urine-
soaked matcria l s pecifically, i,e. , material 
co n taminat ed II-il h urin c o nl y, (Ther e iJ 
a recent r efe r encc t.0 house Hies cievclopin g 
o n UrillC a lo ne but I c;\ nn ot locilte it at thi s 
t illl e ,- G', J. Spellcer, Ullil'eI.ril), of f3 ,itiJiJ Co/-
/I!/Ib i d , 
0:' H t;\\-itt C l; onlo ll, 19tO. T ht: Hotl ~ e Fly. :\lall -
C' l1t'stel" U~li\'t'r~ity 1) l"e:;~ . 
SOME UNUSUAL RECORDS OF BEETLES IN VANCOUVER 
G, J. SPEN CER 
D epartmcnt of Zoology, U ni versi ty of British Columbia, 
T\\'() bl oc k s from m v ho u se in \Nest 
P()int e r ev are se\-e r ;tl rh udodendron 
bushes \l' h'ose l(lwer lea , -es ha , 'e been 
ra g,~l'd ior yea r s, On l\Iay 20, 19:;2, 
T e"ami n ed th em at n ight \\'ith a flash-
li ght, swept th e b u sh es thoroughly 
a nd reco\'e red a few specim e n s of Bra-
rhyrhll!!ls sillgll/aris L. th e clay-coloured 
wee\ il w hich injures laure l hedges so 
exte llsin, lv ill VallC()U\-e l', hut m() I-e 
speci1l1en,;of a \\'eeyi l id en tifi ed fo r m e 
a s SilO phoJO lila me/anogralillllllJ Fors t, 
a n insel't s li g-htl:; sma ll e r than th e 
clay-c()lou red \\'ee\-il. In hi s Cata l o~-ue 
(If the C" leu pt e ra of ~() rth A 1l1 e ri ca 
L e ng- lists o n e species (16641) in t hi s 
genus , .'I, (oryli ( Fah,) : I du not k11 O\\-
\I-h en F or,.;t na1l1ed this seco nd specic,.; , 
A nd is() n (Pr uc, 11.C. Fnl. Soc. 38 , 
1942) 111entions tha t K a\'e n in (;erma n \' 
fou n ~1 B, sill,~II/ariJ attacki n ,g' rh o el o el en'-
dron , hu t t hi s in s tanc e uf .'I, melallo, 
grallllll!1J wo uld seem to be a n e\\-
reco rel fo r this spec ies on this h ost. 
Anothe r unu sua l r eco rd IS ()f a 
s mall hett Ie Barypeilhes pe!lllrid1ls Hoh " 
Nu, 16672 in Leng-'s Cata logu e, the 
o nl y spec Ies in this g-enu s, li s t ed as 
" introduce d" from O ld France and re -
('( ,rrled f rom ~ew Englanel and ~e \\ ' 
Yo rk , T hi s beet le was se nt 111 t o m e 
from Durnabv \\'h e re it ,,-as fu und in 
tunnels of u;1e of uur nati Ye dea th 
\\-a tch beet les Coe/oslhelllJ w hich was 
burro wing free ly in tim h e r s of a n o ld 
hou se, h eav il v attack ed b y dr y ro t. 
Chunk s uf \~ ' ood \\'ere 5('nt t'o m e 
(2:;, \7 ,1 9,;3 ) and I r ecO\ere cl t h e heet les 
fro m the tunne ls, This ,,'as th e 
second time th at T ha\-e t:lken thi" 
beet le from tunne ls of Coe/oslhellls: 
hut the fi r st time I mi s took them for 
,; tran'ber r v re)ot wee\-il s that h a d 
mere lv she ltereel in the \yooel a ncl , un -
i()rl u ;~ate h- I discareled th em , Th e 
in,.;ects \l 1{i ch a r c slightl y' s m a ll e r than 
t h e st ra\\'he rr v root \I-ee\' il. ha \T a 
shin ing black ' h ead with \'e l-y da rk 
hr()\\-n thora", clark bro \\-n e h -t ra ;\nel 
ta n -cu lourecl legs and a n te l;na e , J t 
may he that thi s hect ic is a preda to r 
on so m e s tage uf Coe/oJ/helllJ: its 
uccurre nc e in ' t h e cl e;\th \\,~ttcb tun -
n c b see m s to be h a rd ly acciele n ta l. 
A thircl rath e r unusu a l heet le r eco rd 
IS of a small \Jiticlu lid , l vfe/if!,elhes 
Jligrescells Steph e n s, n ot menti on ed in 
Le ng-',; Cata logue, S pec im ens of this 
in s(' d \\,e r e brou g ht to m e in Apr il , 
1953 , fr()111 a n e ig hho urin :;- g olf course 


House fly maggots infesting a child's bed

MacCarthy, H. R.

Handbook of Pest Control (2nd Ed.), by Arnold Mallis. MacNair-Dorland Co., New York. Illus., pp. 1068. 1954

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUM BIA, PROc. (1 956 ) , VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 39 
Sarcophaga (Acridiopbaga ) falciform is Ald. 
Sanopbaga (B oellcberia) cimbicis (Tns.) 
Sarcophaga (B oellcheria) latiJterna (Park. ) 
Sarcophaga (Fletcherimyia) fleJcheri Ald. 
Sarcophaga (Kellymyia) k ellyi Ald. 
Sarcopbaga (Protodexia) bunleri Hough. 
Sarcophaga (Sapromyia) cooleyi Park. 
Sarcophaga (Sarcopbaga) exubercms Pand. 
Sarcophaga (Sarcophaga ) nearctica Park. 
Sarcophaf!.a (Sarcolachinella ) sinuala Mg. 
Sarcophaga (Tephromyiella ) atlantis Ald. 
Sarcophaga (Thelylepticocnema) ineltrlJa Ald. 
~liltogramminae 
Euhilarella / ulvicornis (Coq.) 
Euhilarella pilosijrons (Allen) 
Euselenomyia Irilineata (WIn .) 
M elopia leucocephala Ross i 
Paramelopia laleralis (Macq.) 
Taxigramma heleroneura (Mg.) 
Cuterebridae 
CUlerebra lenebrosa Coq. 
Larvaevoridae 
Phasiinae 
C)·Iindromyia ealijomiea Big. 
GymnoclYlia occidenlale 'Ins. 
H emyda aurala Desv. 
Leueosloma (Paradionaea ) atfa T ns. 
NeoCl'liIera d(lSiades (Wlk.) 
Paraphasia niJi ra Brks. 
Rhodogyne filiola (Lw.) 
Seiasma nebulosa Coq. 
Dexiinae 
M ochlosoma valid/wz B. & B. 
Plilodexia neotibialis (West) 
Rhamphinina ,'on/usa W est 
Troehilodes skinneria Coq. 
Phoroceratinae 
Admonlia (Xenadm onlia) degeefOid(s (Coq.) 
Bessa harveyi ('Ins.) 
C roeula sp. (=Siphona auCII.) 
Cryplomeigenia nigripilosa Cn. 
D exod es nana Cn. 
ExoriSla mel/a (Wlk.) 
H omalaelia harringtoni (Coq.) 
Lasioneura bieolor (Cn.) 
Patelloa pachypyga (A. & W.) 
Palelloa reinhardi (A. & W. ) 
Phylacleropoda sp. 
Plagiprospherysa parvipalpis (Wlp.) 
T acbinomyia apicala Cn. 
Tachinomyia nigricans ·Webb. 
T achinom,ria variala Cn. 
Goniin ae 
Aehaetoneura frenehii (Will.) 
Aplomya tbee/arum (Scudd .) 
Belvosia canadensis Cn. 
Careelia reciinata (A. & W.) 
Cyzenis jestinans (A. & W.) 
D olichotarsus griseus Brks. 
Euexorista jUlilis (O.s.) 
Eujronlina speclabi/is (Ald.) 
Eumea caesar (Ald.) 
Gonia (Knabia ) fronlosa (Say) 
Hu ebneria imitalor (Se ll.) 
LeschenauiJia (Ri/eymyia) americana B. & B. 
Lydella ni vrila (Tns.) 
Madremyia saundersii (Will.) 
Nemorilla pysle (Wlk.) 
Phrrxe pecosensis (Tns. ) 
Pseudoperichaeta ereCla (Coq.) 
Winthemia militaris (WIsh .) 
Winlbemia rujonotala (Big.) 
L arvaevorinae 
Archylas (Nemochaela ) lateralis (Macq.) 
.l{rgenloepalpus rufipes Brks. 
Argentoepalpus signijerus (\ \llk. ) 
Bombyliom)'ia flavipalpia (Macq.) 
Cuphocera (Deopalpus) cOnligua Rnh . 
Ernestia (Pseudomeriania) nigrocornes (Toth.) 
Eulasiona nigra Cn. 
Elltrichogena polita Brks. 
Fabrieiella (Fabriciodes ) polisa Toth. 
Fabriciella (Melapolachina) brevirostris Toth . 
Fabriciella (Metapolachina) latifacies Toth . 
Fabriciella (Nowiekia ) hispida Toth. 
Fabrieiella (Rhachogasler) algens (W d.) 
Fabriciella ( U podemoeera ) nitida (Wlp.) 
Lypha sp. 
Mericia nigropalpis (Toth.) 
M etopomuscopleryx libialis (Coq.) 
Neolhelaira ehaeloneura (Coq. ) 
Pararchylas deeisa (W lk.) 
PeleJeria (Peleteriopsis ) ilerans (Wlk.) 
Peleleria (Sp hYfOmyia ) apicalis (Wlk. ) 
Peleleria (Sphyromyia ) bryanli Cn. 
PeleJeria (Sphyromyia ) malleola Big. 
Sit!hophyJO neomexicana Tns . 
Wagneria helyma ( Wlk.) 
AcI<nowledgments 
My grat eful thanks are due to the following office rs of th e Division of Entomology, 
Science Service, Ottawa: G. P. H oll and, G. E. Shewell, J. R. Vockeroth, ]. F . McAlpine, and 
] . G. Chillcott. For determin a tions of Tabanidae I am indebted to L. L. Pechuman, Lock-
port, N.Y. 
Scavengers and Parasites from a Used Wasps' Nest 
In October 1955 Professor Kenneth 
Graham brought in from L angley an un-
usually la rge wasps' nest of th e current 
season's making a nd kep t it in a glass 
chambe r. The nest was deserted so it was 
no t possibl e to determin e which species of 
ye llow jacket cons tructed it; it \\'as probably 
Vespula arenaria (Fab.), a common wasp at 
the coast. 
During th e autumn months some eight 
recogni zable specimens of what was appar-
ently Epheslia el"lell.:l (Hubner) and some 
small ichneumon flies emerged and died in 
the conta iner. These were give n to me by 
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, FROc. (1 956 ), VOL. 53, F EB. 15, 1957 
Professor Graham the following spring. 
Unforunately, Professor Graham needed 
this unusually large wasp nest fo r demon-
stration purposes, so I could not cut it up 
to determine the true status o f the hymen-
opterans. 
The sma ll ichneumons were eit her para-
sitic upon the m o th cate rpill a rs o r were 
Sphecophaga burra (Cres son), a parasite of 
wasp larvae. This insect, when it pupates 
spins ac ross the wasp cell a silken sheet 
coloured like a poached egg with a brown 
instead of a yellow cent re. The sheet 
is always slightly obl ique a nd no t s traight 
across a cell. 
From a sm'lll V espula nest taken in the 
forest at 3100 ft. above Kamloops, I once 
obtained a number of small cate rpillars 
which died without pupa ting. By cutting up 
the nest it was found that th e la rvae had 
acted as scavengers, feeding on th e deposit 
o f wasp larval frass that is always plastered 
against the base of each cell when the in-
sect pupates. This deposit may be from 
o ne to three layers deep, depending upon 
how many larvae were reared in each cell, 
and is also fed upon by scavenging larvae 
o f both the black carpet beetle and a 
derm es tid, Perimegatoma vespulae Milliron, that 
develops in both animal and plant remains. 
I have found that moths invade wasps' 
nests la te in the season and develop in the 
upper, that is, th e older comb layers. The 
ichn eumon paras ites usually develop in 
weak colonies; o r if in strong colo nies, only 
at the end of the season w hen the wasp 
population is declining. Neither m oth larvae 
nor ichn eumons seem to be interfered with 
by wasps.-G. J. S tJellcer, Ullil l ersity of British 
Columbia. 

Printed by 
CHAPMAN & WARWICK LTD. 
VANCOUVER, B.C. 


Scavengers and Parasites from a Used Wasps' Nest

Zuk, Peter

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COL U MBIA, PROC. (1958), VOL. 55 , D EC. 22 , 1958 13 
great alarm. Emergence was from 
crack s in the asphalt around a small 
concrete office. The manage r m en-
tioned tha t t imbe r s from large wooden 
buildings fo rm e rl y on the s ite, were 
buried und e r the present offi ce so th e 
fl ood of beetles must have come from 
this rotting wood. Like the swarms 
o f Lasius niger, the presence of these 
in sec ts is an eff ec t , the result of sod-
den wood and no t the cause o f wood 
decay. 
R efe rence s 
l. Furnis s, H .. L 1939. J nseet attac kin g fo res t produc ts and s hade tre es in Washin gton 
and Oregon in 1937. Proc. E nt . Soc. D.C. p. 7. 
2. S pencer, G. J. 19-1 7. T he status of Anobill1ll p"nclal"m in th e lowe r Frase r Valley 1ll 
1946. Ibid. 43: p. 9. 
3. Spencer G. J. 1947. A n unusual reco rd of the \\'harf borer, etc. Ibid. 43: p. 7. 
-I. Spencer, G. ) . 1954. Two decades o f h ouseh old pes ts in Vancouver. Ibid. so: p. 33. 
~. Spe nce r, G. ). 1930. In sec ts emerging from prepa red timber in building s. Proe. E n t. 
Soc. 13. c. 27: pp. 6- 10. 
D ISTRIBUTION OF STORED FOOD INSECTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIAI 
Thi s is a r e purt uf a cuntinui ng 
~ un·ey of g ra in e lc \·ato r s. cerea l ware -
huuses, and !-l uur mill s in Drit ish Cu l-
ttm bia fur th e scYe n vears 19,)2 to 
19,)8. tu c1ctermin e the c1~ st ri but i on and 
rc la ti vc importa nce of es tabli shed 
sto red fuud in sects. 
A fe w reyiews ha\·e been publi shed 
on th ese pests in l:riti sh Columbia . 
F o l1w ell I-eported on t he Pti nida e in 
ce real ware huuses ( 1952) a nd issued 
a circular on stOt'ed product in sects 
a nd th eir contro l ( 19,)3). King ( 1953) 
assembl ed som e info rm a tion on these 
pes t s and Gray ( 1953-56) li s t ed th e 
unes most commonly found. Spe nce r 
( 1942) recorded some o f th e comm un 
fo rm s occurring in dwellin gs. 
Thc presen t survey con sisted uf 
yis its tu es tab li shm ents in th e large 
centres in th e provin ce. from Van-
cuu ve r to Cra nbrouk in the south an d 
to Prince George in the no rth . On 
Vancou \·e r Tsla nd wa rehouses w e re in-
spected from Victoria to Court enay 
and Port A lbe rni. 1n th e inte rio r a nd 
on Vancouver Is land in spections w ere 
made during Jul y o r August unl y, 
but on th e lowe r mainland t hey were 
made throughout th e year. 
l. Contribut iotl ),"0. I , Sc it:nce Sen"ic t" L abor a tory, 
Canaoa Departmen t oi :\gTicuitllre, c/o Til t' Cni-
\ · L'r ~ it y of Briti sh Col umbi a , \' ancotl \-c.::r, H.C. 
2. .-\ ssoc ia te En to mologi s t. 
A n in spec tion con sis ted of a ch eck 
of t he premi ses fo r crawling a nd fly-
in g in sec t s and an examinatlUn of t he 
:ito red food in sack s an d in bulle 
Som e specim en s were obtained bv 
:ic ree nin g samples. The in sec t s take;l 
were oft en broug h t tu th e laborato ry 
to be rea red and que s tionable spec i-
men s w e re submitted to the Sy stem-
a tics U nit , Ottawa, fo r identi ficat io n. 
A tota l o f 584 vis its was m ade to 
establi shment s during the seven yea r s, 
in w hi ch 35 species of in sec t s we re 
reco rded: 
Year Firms vis it ed S pecies 
1952 101 21 
1953 108 25 
1954 80 16 
1955 76 17 
1956 40 14 
19.)7 97 20 
1958 82 19 
In many cases the sam e species of 
in sec ts show ed up yea r afte r year in 
th e sam e premi ses. Table 1 shows 
that the most wides pread in sects w e re: 
the A ust rali a n spid e r bee tl e, Pt;l1!1S 
ocelLlIS Brown ( P. lecltls ): ye ll ow 
mealwlJrm , Tellebl';o 1II0lilol' L.: black 
ca rpe t bee t Ie. AttageJl1fs p ;celfs (ali v. ) ; 
a nd th e granary weevil. SitophiltfJ 
gl'anarills (L. ). Other insect s o f prim e 
<le tua I o r poten t ia l importan ce under 
al l H.C. conditi ons are: cadelle, w hit e-
mark ed spider beetle, saw -too thed 
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLU~BIA, PROC. (1958), VOL. 55, DEC. 22 , 1958 
gram beetle, confused nour bee tl e, 
.Yledit e rranean n our 111 0 th, Indian 
m ea l m o th, meal m oth, brow n h o use 
moth, white - shouldered h o use moth. 
These in sec t s a re no t n ecessa ril y wide -
:;pread in the pr()villce, but \\'hen fo und 
are u ~ua ll y in large numl)e rs and are 
l'apable of rapid bui ld -up. Freq uent 
treatment IS req uired t() k ee p th e 
numbers dOII·Il. 
low reproductive rate , un suitable clim-
ate o r re s tricted food range: ri ce 
weev il , ca rpe t beetle, Trogoderlllt1 sim-
plex Jayn e, fungus beetle , bean w eevil , 
PrelldellrOrlilJ hiLleri ( R e it.) , golde n 
~pider be e tl e, hairy s pider heetl e, 
glubular ,;pide r heetl e, A ngoumois 
gra in muth , I': uro peall g rain muth. 
Th e num eruus uccurrence s record -
ed at Vancu uI'e r and Vic toria re fle ct 
the si/.e ;tnd diversit y uf the foud in -
dust r y in t hese cities. l\Inst o f the 
spec ies li s ted arc c()smopulitan, but 
s()m e (e.g .. P. ocel/IIJ), though II 'id ely 
distrilJtlted. arc c()nfill ed tu th e tem -
perat e reg- U>Il :; of th e \1 '0 1'1<1. Th e 
table gil'c s no indicati o n uf th e in ten s-
itl" of the infes tations , s ince con sidera-
it ;J Il '; of time a nd travel did not permit 
qualltitatil e assessme n t s. Th ese are 
Pe st::; of lesse r imp"rtance In th e 
prov in ce, \\·ith the poss ibili ty of ~e ri ­
IIU~ ou tbreak~. a r e: drug store hee tle, 
rusty grai n beet le, var ied carpet hec tic , 
larder iJeetle, hide bee tle, black ilour 
hec tic , broad-horn ed il()ur bee tle , 
t()iJacco Ill oth. A pholliia gllle/rir (/e l1. ). 
b()uklouse, grain psuc id , g rain Illites. 
A thi rd g roup full ow,;, of I()cal im -
po rtan ce by rea sun o f cUlllparatil'ely 
T ABLE I.-Distribution of stored food insects by towns and cities in British Columbia, 
from 1952 to 1958 
COLEOl'TE I~ .\ 
Anobi id ae 
Cucujida e 
Curclliio nidae 
De rm est ida e 
?If ycetopiIagid ile 
:'Iylabridae 
Os tomatidae 
1't inid" e 
S il va nid ae 
Tcnebrio nida e 
LEPI DOPTE" .\ 
l'iIycit idae 
Py ralidid ae 
Oecopho ri da e 
Ge lechiida e 
Tineidae 
PSOCOPTERA 
Liposce lidae 
At ropidae 
S/CgOVi'"1l /)(/I)i[elllit ( L.) 
Cryplo/cs/es fcnltgillellJ (Ste ph.) 
Si/()/)hi/lls gralltl!ills (L) 
S. oryza (L.) 
A!llhreJ/lIs 'rerv,lJe"i (L.) 
A. s[ro/;/lId"riae ( I,, ) 
AthlgCIIIIS pieellJ (O liv.) 
Der1lle.rteJ /ardmills L. 
D . tllc/ot/alllS ])eg. 
T rogoderwa silllp/ex Jay ne 
MYfe/ophal!.lIS qlladril!. lIUcl/liS ~\IlIll. 
A callliJoHe/ides oblaliis (Say) 
T Cilcbroides )!tallrita!!icIIJ ( I. .) 
P.relldell fO .r/lls billeri (Re i I. ) 
Niptll.! ho/,,/e,,(l/S ( raid .) 
PlinllJ fill' I. . 
P. uccll"J Bro\\' n 
P. I'illiger ( J.,~ e it.) 
T rigonoge!lills p/n!;II/lIs Solicr 
Or)'zaet)hi/ll s Jllri"tl1!1 ensis ( I.. ) 
T e!lebrio iIIo/i/or J .. 
T rivo/i,,!!! [Olljll.lllill DUI·. 
T. dntlllC!or Uvtt. 
Gila/hotelllJ (01~1I1I11I.r (F .) 
A ""l!.dJ/a kll ehniell" (Ze l!. ) 
Ephe.rlia ellltell" ( H bn.) 
dru g-s to r e be e tl e .... . 
r us ty g rain bee tl e 
;.!Ta nary wcevil . .... ........... ....... ............... ..... . 
rice \\,ce\'i l ..... ........ .. .... ......................... ..... . 
\'a ri ed car pet bee tl e ............. ..... ........ . 
car pe t bee tl e ..... ......... ....... .......... ................ . 
black carpet bee tle .. .................... ........... . 
larder bcc tl c 
Ilid<.: bce t\<.: 
fnngns hec tic 
hca n \I'cc \'i I 
cade ll t: 
gold c n s pid e r hect ic ............................... . 
" 'hit e- Ill ark t:d s pid er hcc ll e 
:\ li s t r;di~t1 snid e r bect Ie .................. .. . 
Ilairy spirl c r he ct ic ... .. .. .......... . 
g lu iJubr spider h t:ctlc 
sa w-tout hed g rai n hectic 
I'ellow ll1 calwo rllJ 
CO lltn sed ROllr hec tic 
hl ;lek 1I 011 r bc e tle 
hro;ld-llo rn ed ROll r bcc tlc 
\! cd iln ra ncan !lo llr m o th 
to h;lcco 11101 h 
Indian nl eal 1lloth 
llJ c;d III 0 I h 
Piodia ill/er/!/I!/ctclltl (Hllll.) 
A/Jhol!litl .~II/ari.r (/e ll.) 
i'ym/i.r farilla/is ( T. .) 
H O/l!lannophi/a pJelldospre/clla 
f."dro .ri .l ""reitrella ( L.) 
Si/o/roga [eretl/ell" (Oli v.) 
N eilltlpogon grailel/a (L.) 
(S\;li nt .) h ro\I'n IHl ll"e 1I1oth 
" ' llite- s ho nldered hOll se m o th 
.-\lIg01l1110i s g r a in 1110 th 
En ropea n gra in 111 0 t h 
Lip o.rce/i.r dirlinalorills (1\Ju ll .) 
Lipino/lls /latrlle/is Pearman 
iJookl o lt SC 
g ra in psor id 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1958) , VOL. 55 , DEC. 22, 1958 15 
no t necessa rily the only occurrence s 
but it is proba bl e that t he I-e are no 
others, fo r they w ould otherwi se have 
been detected either in the inspections 
o r by being brought to the attention 
of th e la bo ra to ry by ma nagem ent of 
th e firm s. 
Th e y() lum e of inte rn a ti onal com -
m e rcia l traffic into we st coa st port s 
II·ill undoubt edl y result in uthe r pe s t s 
becoming es tab li ~ h e d in th e prol·ince. 
An exa mpl e o f a r ece nt s ucces~ ful in -
troduc t ion i,; th e P y ralid . Apholllia 
gll!ariJ (Ze ll .). whi ch \\' a ~ recorded fo r 
th e first time in Western Canada 111 
1952 II1 a bakery supply house 111 
Vancouver. It has since sprec:d by 
com m e rce to Rour a nd fe ed ware -
houses on Vancouver I sland. The 
m erchant grain bee tle, Oryzaephilm 
mercator (Fauv.), is very frequen t ly 
int e rcepted b y P I a nt In spec t ion 
Offi ce rs in imported ca rgoes, bu t it is 
not yet es tabli sh ed. 
Inquiry is som etim es macl e regard-
ing the kh a pra beetle, T rogoderllla 
g rallarillill E I'e rts. Thi s pes t o f major 
ecunumic importance IS now \I'e ll 
~ i ain iin e -
Ca riboo B Olilldary- K oo tcnay O kall ;1gan Yall ey V a ncoll\'c r I sland 
x x 
x 
x 
x 
x 
x 
x-
x 
x 
x x 
x . s. 
x 
x 
x 
x 
if) ., 
o 
~, 
x x x 
x x 
x 
x 
x 
x 
x 
x 
x x 
.... x 
x 
.. x . x x 
x 
..... .... x 
" 
., 
u 
" y ; . .:: 
..- " 
~ ~ u 
x . x x x x ....... x x x x x x 
x 
x x .. ........... ... .......... x x 
x x x x x 
......... x ... .... .. .... .. ..... _'\. 
x 
x 
x " x x x 
x 
x x 
..... ........... ........ .. ...................... .... . . .. .. ....... .. .. x 
x 
x 
x x x 
x 
s. x x x x x 
x 
x x x 
" 
" 
x 
x x 
x x 
x 
x x 
x 
x x.. 
x 
" x . 
x .... .... .... ......... .. .. . . x . 
x 
x x x x x x x x 
......... .. .. .... ...... x . 
................... ... x . 
x x . 
xxxs.XXXXXX xx 
x 
x 
x x x 
x 
" x x 
xxxx ~ xx 
x x x 
x 
" 
" 
...................... .... _'\. 
x 
" x 
x x x x x x x x x x-
x x 
x x .......... ..... ... x x 
... x . x: x 
x " " x 
x 
x " 
x 
x 
x x x x x x x x x x x ...... ... x 
x x x 
... x 
x x x x 
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x ·X .. .. ..... ...... ........... ... ... . .. 
x ...... .. .. ........ ............... . x ' x . 
16 ENTOMOLOGIC AL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COL U MBI A, PROC. (195 8 ) , VOL. 55 , DEC. 22, 1958 
es tablished in the south -wes tern U.S. 
I t has no t yet appeared in H.C. nor is 
it li ke ly to become es tab lished because 
th e climate is un suitable (Howe and 
Lindgren 1957) . 
Aca rina a re of economic importance 
a t th e coast , especially A carus sifO L. 
J loweve r , mites are no t included in 
thi s li st since they are seldom im-
po rt ant away from the coast , and be-
ca use th ey cannot be recognized on 
sig h t. 
R eferences 
F oll we ll , J. H. Kotes on some Pt in idae of Briti s h Columbia (Coleopt era). 1'roc. E nt. Soc. 
13. C. 48 : 60-63. 1953. 
Fo ll we ll , ] . H. Sto red produ ct in sec ts a nd th eir co ntro l in B ri t ish Columbia . British 
Columbia Dept. o f Ag ri culture Cn t. eirc. No. 1. 1953. 
Gray, H . E . S to red produc t in sec ts 1Il Ca na da In 1952. Ca n. In s. Pes t Rev. 31 : 11 9- 120. 
1953. 
Gray, H. E S to red product in sec t s In Canada In 1953. Can. I n5. Pest Rev. 32 : 125- 126. 
1954. 
Gray, H . E . S tored prod uct in sects 111 Canada In 1954. Ca n. In s. Pest Rev. 33 : 129- 130. 
1955. 
Gray, H . E. S tored produ ct in sec ts In Ca na da In 1955. Ca n. I n5. Pes t Rev. 34 : 132-133. 
1956. 
Howe, R. VV. a nd Lind g ren, D. L. H ow much ca n the K hap ra bee tle spread in t he U.S.A. 
J. E COll . E nt. 50: 374-375. 1957. 
Kin g, K.)'1. I nsec t pest s of s to red products a nd th e hOll sehold . Proc. VII Pac. Sci. 
Co ngo 4: 146- 148. 1958. 
S]lence r, G.]. In sect s and o ther arthropods in buildings in B riti sh Columbia . P roc. 
E nt. Soc. H.C. 39 : 23-29. 1942. 
The Collection o f Coleoptera In the D epartme n t o f Z oology , 
U niversity of B ritish Columbia 
When I arrived at this Unive rsity in the 
A utumn of 1924, I set out to build three 
collections of in sects: firs t, a sys tematic 
collection representing all Orders occurring 
in the province ; second, a synoptic collec-
tio n for teaching; and third, a demon stra-
tion collection of insects of economic im-
portance. It soon became evident that th e 
sys tematic collectio n was the first es sential, 
so skeleto n collectio ns only were made for 
teaching and of economic in sects, and I 
concen trated 0 11 taking every in sect o f nearly 
every Order that I came across every Satur-
day afternoon ancl Sunday during summer 
mo nth s o r when ever el se I found them 
throug hout th e year. 
A t that tim e th ere were available ill th e 
Province, fo r reference, the H o pping collec-
tion o f Coleo ptera and th e Buckell collection 
o f Ortho pte ra at Ve rn on, the Blackmore col-
lecti on o f Le pid optera a nd the Downes 
coll ect ion of Hemiptera-Homoptera in Vic-
to ri a and the Glend enning coll ec ti on of 
a phicl s at Agassiz. So I took no L e pidoptera, 
but conce ntrated 0 11 th e smaller Orders, 
coll ec ting onl y those hee tl es and bugs that I 
happened to find without actually hunting 
for th em. 
Th e late Kenn eth Auden , a stud ent in hi s 
fourth yea r in 1924, was a ve ry keen coleop-
te r ist and gave me what he called "trash", 
namely dupli ca te s of a few common specie s 
o f which he had la rge se ri es a nd th ese con-
stituted the beginning of the beetl e collec-
tio n. 
In time I had accumulat ed some 26 Schmitt 
boxes o f beetl es so that when Mr. George 
HopPJlJg was loan ed to the University by 
the Federal Governm ent in the winter of 
1945-46 to lecture in forest entomology, he 
spe nt seven months a rranging the beetles 
int o two IS-drawer cabinets and one cabinet 
of duplicates. H e also added some speci-
m ens from hi s fath er 's collection to fill con-
spicuous gaps in the University collection, 
chiefly of representative species from out-
side this provinc e. 
}[ eanwhile I kept on collecting. In the 
\los t-Hoppin g years, much of the m aterial 
was identified by ProfessorM. H. Hatch of 
the Un iversity of Washin g ton, Sea ttl e. and 
mo re latte rly by J\h. Gordon Stace-Smith 
o f Crest on wh o probablv ha s th e most ex-
tensive coll ection o f B .C. beetles extant. 
T o th ese three spec ia li sts l owe a g reat 
debt of g ra tit ud e and offer my since rest 
thank s. 
No o ne, however, ha s been a better 
e ntomol ogical fri end to our Un iversity than 
Hug h B. Leec h, fo rme rly o f th e Divisio n o f 
Fores t In sects, Verno n, but now in charge 
o f th e immense coll ect io n of Coleoptera at 
the Califo rnia Academy o f Sciences, San 


Not a member yet

Brochosomes on certain species of insects of western North America

Chemical control of root maggots in early cabbage

Royal Jelly, the New Elixir

Notes on the life histories of five species of lepidoptera from southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Unusual damage to potatoes by the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), in the Lower Fraser Valley

House fly maggots infesting a child's bed

Handbook of Pest Control (2nd Ed.), by Arnold Mallis. MacNair-Dorland Co., New York. Illus., pp. 1068. 1954

Scavengers and Parasites from a Used Wasps' Nest

Distribution of stored food insects in British Columbia

Trithion as an orchard insecticide

1,339

1,660