Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

Peach, Daniel A.H.

J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 115, DECEMBER 2018 !123
NATURAL HISTORY AND OBSERVATIONS 
First Record of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the 
Yukon 
DANIEL A. H. PEACH  1
ABSTRACT— The first record of Culex tarsalis in the Yukon is reported from a larva 
collected in Kluane National Park in 2017. Details on the location and the specimen 
are provided, and background information on the biology of Cx. tarsalis and its role in 
arbovirus transmission are discussed. 
Key words: Culex tarsalis, Western encephalitis mosquito, Culicidae, Yukon, 
mosquito distribution  
The western encephalitis mosquito, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, is a medium-sized 
mosquito (wing length 4.0-4.4 mm) with bands of white scales on the tarsi and a broad 
ring of white scales on the proboscis at mid-length (Belton 1983). Adult females 
overwinter in sheltered areas such as caves, rodent burrows, and under rock piles (Wood 
et al. 1979), and larvae are found in a wide variety of habitats including ponds, marshes, 
ditches, and irrigation water (Belton 1983). Adults have been observed feeding from 
flowers of goldenrod (Solidago spp.) (Sandholm and Price 1962) and common tansy 
(Tanacetum vulgare), from which they carry pollen (Peach and Gries 2016). Females take 
blood from birds and mammals (Wood et al. 1979).  
    Cx. tarsalis is an important vector of several viruses in southern Canada, including 
West Nile virus (Roth et al. 2010, Kulkarni et al. 2015), western equine encephalitis 
(McLintock et al. 1970), and St. Louis encephalitis (Hammon and Reeves 1943), 
although these are not known from the Yukon (Artsob 1990). Snowshoe hare virus, in the 
California Encephalitis (CE) group, is endemic in the Yukon (McLean et al.1973) but is 
not reported to have been isolated from Cx. tarsalis. However, CE itself has been isolated 
from Cx. tarsalis in California (Hammon et al. 1952). Northway virus is also endemic to 
the Yukon (McLean and Lester 1983), but little is known about this virus or its vectors.   
      The known range of Cx. tarsalis extends throughout much of central and western 
North America (Darsie and Ward 2005), including southern British Columbia (Belton 
1983) and southern Alberta (Wood et al.1979). It has also been found in Norman Wells, 
(65°N) in the Northwest Territories (Freeman 1952) and Belton and Belton (1990) 
believed the species was likely to occur in the Yukon as well, based on its inclusion in a 
list of Yukon mosquitoes by Nelson (1977). Nelson cites a personal communication from 
D. M. Wood to support this, but Wood et al. (1979) show no records of Cx. tarsalis in the 
Yukon.  
A Culex sp. larva was collected in a shallow pond in Kluane National Park, Yukon, 
Canada just outside the Slims River Flats (60°59'23.6"N, 138°29'31.9"W) on 24 June, 
2017 as part of the Kluane Park bioblitz (research permit number KLU-2017-25041). 
The larva was successfully reared to adulthood, and the female was identified as Cx. 
tarsalis (Fig. 1) using the key of Wood et al. (1979). This specimen represents the first 
confirmed record of this species in the Yukon. Of note is the incomplete white-scaled 
ring at midpoint of the proboscis of this specimen as it possesses dark scales dorsally, 
possibly due to phenotypic plasticity related to thermal melanism (Trullas et al. 2007) or 
poor larval habitat conditions (Talloen et al. 2004). The pond was adjacent to the Alaska 
Highway, approximately 10 metres in diameter, shallow, and contained clear water. 
 Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University 1
Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6; (778) 782 5939, dap3@sfu.ca
J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 115, DECEMBER 2018 !124
Nearby vegetation included willow (Salix spp.), spruce (Picaea sp.), fireweed 
(Chamaenerion sp.), and patches of unidentified grass. Larvae of Anopheles earlei, 
Aedes excrucians, and Culiseta alaskaensis were also collected from the pond, and adults 
captured nearby included Ae. campestris, Ae. cataphylla, Ae. communis, Ae. excrucians, 
Ae. fitchii, and Ae. implicatus. The Cx. tarsalis specimen has been deposited for 
reference in the Beaty Biodiversity Museum at the University of British Columbia, 
Vancouver, British Columbia. Due to the short summer season and the likeliness that 
only small populations may be present it seems unlikely that Cx. tarsalis currently poses 
a major human health risk in the Yukon. However, if temperatures rise these limiting 
conditions may no longer apply (Chen et al. 2013).  
 
Figure 1. Antero-dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the Cx. tarsalis specimen collected in the 
Yukon. Note incomplete band of white scales at mid-proboscis in (A), indicated by an arrow. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
I thank Dr. Peter Belton of Simon Fraser University, and Karen Needham of the UBC 
Spencer Entomology Collection, for their support and assistance, as well as Chris 
Ratzlaff of the UBC Spencer Entomology Collection for the use of his photographs. I 
would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments on this 
manuscript. 
REFERENCES 
Artsob, H. 1990. Arbovirus activity in Canada. In Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome, Tick and 
Mosquito-Borne Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol 1. Edited by C.H. Calisher. Springer, 
Vienna, Austria. Pp. 249-258. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9091-3_28. 
Belton, E.M. and Belton, P. 1990. A review of mosquito collecting in the Yukon. Journal of the 
Entomological Society of British Columbia, 87: 35–37. 
Belton, P. 1983. The Mosquitoes of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Handbook 
41. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 
J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 115, DECEMBER 2018 !125
Chen, C.C., Jenkins, E., Epp, T., Waldner, C., Curry, P.S., and Soos, C. 2013. Climate change and West 
Nile virus in a highly endemic region of North America. International Journal of Environmental 
Research: Public Health, 10: 3052–3071.  
Freeman, T.N. 1952. Interim report on the distribution of the mosquitoes obtained in the Northern Insect 
Survey. Defence Research Board of Ottawa. Technical Report 1.  
Hammon, W.M. and Reeves, W.C. 1943. Laboratory transmission of St. Louis encephalitis by three 
genera of mosquitoes. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 78: 241–253. 
Hammon, W. M., Reeves, W.C., and Sather, G. 1952. California encephalitis virus, a newly described 
agent: II. Isolations and attempts to characterize the agent. Journal of Immunology, 69: 493–510. 
Kulkarni, M.A., Berrang-Ford, L., Buck, P.A., Drebot, M.A., Lindsay, L.R., and Ogden, N.H. 2015. 
Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada. Emerging 
Microbes and Infections, 4: e33. doi: 10.1038/emi.2015.33. 
McLean, D.M., Clarke, A.M., Goddard, E.J., Manes, E.S., Montalbetti, C.A., and Pearson, R.E. 1973. 
California encephalitis virus endemicity in the Yukon Territory, 1972. Journal of Hygiene (London), 
71: 391–402. 
McLean, D.M. and Lester, S.A. 1983. Isolation of snowshoe hare virus from Yukon mosquitoes. 
Mosquito News, 44: 200–203. 
McLintock, J.A., Burton, N., McKiel, J.A., Hall, R.R., and Rempel, J.G. 1970. Known mosquito hosts of 
Western encephalitis virus in Saskatchewan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 7: 446–454. 
Nelson, J. 1977. Mosquito control in the Yukon Territory, Canada. MPM thesis, Simon Fraser University, 
Canada. 
Peach, D.A.H. and Gries, G. 2016. Nectar thieves or invited pollinators? A case study of tansy flowers 
and common house mosquitoes. Arthropod Plant Interactions, 10: 497–506. doi: 10.1007/
s11829-016-9445-9. 
Roth, D., Henry, B., Mak, S., Fraser, M., Taylor, M., Li, M., Cooper, K., Furnell, A., Wong, Q., Morshed, 
M. et al. 2010. West Nile virus range expansion into British Columbia. Emerging Infectious 
Diseases, 16: 1251–1258. doi: 10.3201/eid1608.100483 
Sandholm, H.A. and Price, R.D. 1962. Field observations on the nectar feeding habits of some Minnesota 
mosquitoes. Mosquito News, 22: 346–349. 
Talloen, W., Van Dyck, H., and Lens, L. 2004. The cost of melanisation: butterfly wing coloration under 
environmental stress. Evolution, 58: 360-366. 
Trullas, S.C., van Wyk, J.H., and Spotila, J.R. 2007. Thermal melanism in ectotherms. Journal of 
Thermal Biology, 32: 235–245. 
Wood, D.M., Dang, P.T., and Ellis, R.A. 1979. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada 6. The Mosquitoes 
of Canada (Diptera: Culicidae). Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 


English

First Record of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Yukon

Thomson, M. G.

E NTOMOLOGICAL S OC IETY OF BRITISH C OLU Mn!." PROC. (195+), VOL. 51 , NOVEMBER 30, 1954 45 
SEXING AND RECLAIMING DRIED SPECIMENS OF 
DENDROCTONUS ENGELMANNI HOPK.* 
M. O. THOMSON 
Forest Biology Laboratory, Victoria, B.C. 
Two techniques which may not be widely 
known were recently brought to the atten-
tion of the writer. One, which does not 
destroy the living beetles or specimens, is 
a rapid method for determining the sex of 
adults of some species of Dendroctonus. 
The other is a method for reclaiming dried 
or pinned specimens for histological study. 
The use of these techniques on adults 
of Dendroctonus engelmanni Hopk. IS 
reported in this paper. 
Several years ago it was necessary to 
determine the sex of a number of Engel-
mann spruce beetle adults. At that time 
a description of the external characteris-
tics which satisfactorily separated the 
sexes could not be located, and it was 
necessary to dissect the specimens. The 
presence or absence of the dark-brown 
forked spicule of the male provided the 
most rapid method of confirming the sex. 
Recently, Mr. V. McCowan, entomolo-
gist for Weyerha:user Timber Company, 
was able by touch to determine accurately 
the sex of over 400 adults of Dendrocto-
nus pseudotsugce Hopk. This technique 
can be used successfully with D. engel-
manni. To establish the point, a collec-
tion was used of 105 specimens from 
Bolean Lake, pinned in 1950. These spec-
imens were examined first by touch, then 
externally under the microscope, and, 
finally , internally. 
Irregularly scattered over the interstrial 
spaces of the elytral declivity of the female 
are a number of tubercules. These are 
most numerous adjacent to the elytral 
suture and can be felt readily. The tuber-
cules were rarely present on the elytral 
declivity of the male. 
• Contribution N o. 139, Di vision of Forest Biology, 
Science Service, D epartment o f A griculture, Ottawa , 
Canada. 
To determine the sex of a specimen, a 
finger is run backward and downward over 
the caudal portion of the elytra so that the 
feel of the tubercules is not confused with 
that of the hairs and bristles. The elytral 
declivity of the female feels like fine emery 
paper, whereas that of the male feels like 
talc. 
After determining the sex of each speci-
men as described above, the presence of 
tubercules was noted. The sex was con-
firmed by dissection. Sixty-eight of the 
specimens were female. Two of the spec-
imens were incorrectly sexed by touch; 
both were males and both had prominent 
tubercules. 
Before dissection, the specimens were 
first soaked for two hours in a 0.5-per-cent 
solution of tri-sodium phosphate. The 
writer is indebted to Dr. J. A. Chapman 
for drawing his attention to this technique 
of van Cleave and Ross for reclaiming 
dried specimens for histological purposes. 
These authors report that the solution 
restores the normal appearance of small 
invertebrates, making them relatively soft 
and pliable without showing any dissocia-
tion of tissue. This was borne out in the 
present investigation. After treatment it 
was possible to examine the gut for food 
content, to determine the number of eggs 
present, and to identify the various repro-
ductive structures. The tissues were pli-
able but not fragile . 
One of the interesting sidelights of the 
examination was the discovery of nema-
todes in a large number of the specimens. 
Where present they were usually very 
numerous and densely packed ventrally in 
the abdominal cavity and in the vicinity 
of the proctoda:um. The adults of 43 per 
cent of the seventy-five galleries repre-
sented by the collection were infested. 
Reference 
van Cleve, H . J., and J. A. Ross. A method for reclaiming dried zoological specimens. Sci. 105 
(2725 ) :318. J947. 
350-1054-3069 
V ICTOR IA, H.C. 
Printed by DON M c DIARMID, Printer to the Queen 's Most Exce llent Majesty 
1954 






Sexing and Reclaiming Dried Specimens of Dendroctonus engelmanni Hpk.

Clark, M. E.

An annotated list of the coleoptera taken at or near Terrace, British Columbia. Part 3.

Entomological Society of BC, n/a

ENTOMOLOGICA~ SOCIETY Of BRITISH COL U MBIA, PROC. (1955) , VOL. 52, APRIL 30, 1956 43 
Cossonus subareatus Boh. 
Cossonus quadricollis Van Dyke. 
Cossonus sp., undersc ribed ? 
Rhyncolus brunneus Mann.-In rotten wood; 
vi de B uchanan. 
Rhyncolu5 spretus Csy.- Vide Buchanan. 
Rhyncolus macrops Bucll.-Two para types. 
Scolytidae 
Scolytus tsugae S\\', 
Crypturgus borealis Sw.- Apr il , 1937; bred 
from spruce bark; \·id e Fa ll a nd Knull. 
Dolurgus pumilus :'lann. 
Polygraphus rufipennis h:by .- :\pril 6, 192 1 ; 
o n "p ru ce . 
Dendroctonus murrayanae H opk . From 
sIJruce; \'ide Il lackm<ln. 
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hn pk. 
Dendroctonus valens L eC. 
Phloeosinus punctatus LcC. - ,\1 arch, 1942, 
o n dC ;ld ccd;l r branches; del. Blacklllan. 
Alniphagus aspericollis LcC. - :"I h y 5, 1920; 
frcquen t o n \I'cstern ald cr; \"idc Dlack-
nl ;1n. 
Hylurgops rugipennis :"Ilann.- D ct. Knull. 
Hylurgops lecontei S\I'. 
Hylastes nigrinus :'Ia nn . 
Trypodendron retusum L ee- D ei. 1>:nu ll. 
Trypodendron rufitarsis Kby.-N ovember 4, 
1923, and Ma rch, 1933. Vide Knull and 
Blackman. 
Trypodendron cavifrons Mann. - August, 
1927, and March 21, 1937. Det. by Black-
man. 
Gnathotrichus alni Blackm.-Det. by Knull. 
Pityophthorus pseudotsugae Sw. - Det. by 
Knull. 
Pityophthorus confertus Sw. - From green 
pin e twigs, in :'IIay. Teste Blackman. 
Pityophthorus s p.- An unknown species. 
Ips tridens :'Iann,- Det. by Blackman. 
Ips yohoensis S \\',? - From spruce. Vide 
Blackman. 
Ips concinnus :'IJ<lnn. 
Ips sp.- A species unkn own to Knul l. 
Ips sp.- A s pec ies unknow n to Blackman. 
Orthotomicus vicinus LeC.-Found on pine, 
February 11 , 1938. Det. by R. H oppin g, 
Dryocoetes septentrionis llIann.- lI Iarch 21 , 
1937. Oct. by 1\ . H o ppin g . 
Dryocoetes affaber lIla nn.- Vide Knull. 
Dryocoetes betulae HDpk.-Det. by Black-
man . 
Dryocoetes pseudotsugae S\\,. - :'IIa rch 21 , 
1937 ; \" id e S \\·ai ne. 
REVISED CONSTITUTION OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL 
SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 
ADOPTED APRIL 28th, 1955 
Article 1 
Title 
Thi s s'Clc ie ty shall be knO\\'l1 a s the 
E n tomological Society o f Briti sh Columbi a, 
in affi li ;ltion \\'ith the Entomologica l Society 
of Canada. 
Article 2 
Object 
T he object o f the Society sha ll be to foster 
the ad\"a ncement, exchange a nd dissemina-
t io n .o f en tomologica l informa ti on. 
Article 3 
Membership, Dues and Expenditures 
a) Any person interest ed in entomology 
may become a member on applicatio n to 
the Secreta ry of the Socie ty and o n pay-
m ent of th e annual dues. 
b) A member may withdraw from the So-
ciety upo n giving notice in w riting to the 
Secre tary. 
c) An a nnua l fee nece ssa ry f.Clr the opera-
tion of the Society shall be levied from 
each member as provided for in S ec-
tion I of the By-Laws. 
d) The executive shall have powe r to meet 
expenses required in the no rma l opera-
tion of the Society busi ness. Such 
ex penditures shall be subject to subse-
quent ratification at the Annual meet-
ing by the majority of the members 
present. 
e) A m ember \\" ho neg lect s to pay th e 
annual fee fo r two consecut ive years 
s hall automati ca ll y cease to be a m em-
ber. 
Article 4 
Meetings 
a) The Annua l meetin g of the Society 
shall be cal led eac h year by th e Presi-
dent at a time and place suitable to th e 
majority of the members. 
b) Ot her m ee tin gs of the Society may be 
held at any time o r any place with the 
approval of the Executive and upDn no ti-
fication to the members . 
c) Seven members in good standing shall 
constitute a quorum at the A nnual me et-
ing. 
d) The meetings s ha ll be informal insofa r 
as possible. 
Article 5 
Officers 
The officers o f the Society shall consist 
of President, President-Elect, Vice-Presi-
dent, Secreta ry-Treasurer, Editor, Immedi-
a te Past President and three Directors 
These officers shall constitute the Executive 
wit h fu ll pow er to ac t on behalf of the So-
ciety with in the bounds of the constitution 
and to appoin t committees as necessary. 
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1955) , VOL. 52, APRIL 30 , 1956 
Article 6 
Elections 
E lections shall be held once a year at 
the Annual meeting, and officers so elected 
s hall remain in office until the next Annual 
meeting. The office of President shall not 
Le held by the same member for m ore than 
two consecutive years. Normally, the 
President-Elect shall take offic e as President 
one year after hi s e lec tion as President-
Elect. 
Article 7 
Duties of Officers 
a) The President o r designated a lte rna te 
shall preside at a ll m ee tin gs a nd act ex-
o ffic io on all commi ttees. He s hall have 
primary respon sibility fo r the program 
and arrangements o f the Annual meet-
m g. 
b) 
c) 
The Secretary-Treasurer shall mainta in 
a record of all meet in gs and ac t as I he 
cus todian of all minu te books and cor-
res ponde nce. He shall a lso recciYe anel 
d isburse all fund s, prepare the annual 
{-inancial s tatement, and file a copy of 
th e salli e with th e Eegist rar of Com-
panie s a s required un d er th e "Soc ieti es 
Act". 
The Edilor shall acl a s crlit o r of the 
"Proceerlin gs" anel ot her publications o f 
the Society. 
Article 8 
Alteration of the Constitution 
The Co nstitution may be a lt e red o r 
a mended at any Annual m eeting o f the So-
cie t y with the approving vote .o f thre e-
quai· le rs o f Ihe m emuers prese nt a nd in good 
sta ndin g. Such alterations mu st be mad e by 
notice of m o tio n, which shall have been se nt 
to th e Secretary anel a copy of such for-
wardeel to all m embers at least two weeks 
before th e Annual Meeting. 
Proposed By-Laws 
1. a ) The a nnua l fee for full members hip 
s ha ll be $2.00. 
b) A s tudent membership fee s ha ll be 
set at o ne-half the hill members hip 
fee, such a m ember having the privi-
leges of a full m embership. 
c) Hono rary life members may be con-
ferreel a t a ny Annual m eeting of the 
Society by approval o f a majority 
of th e members present a nd in good 
S t:1nd ing . Honorary life m embe rs 
s hall have a ll privileges of full mem-
bers, with.out payment of dues. 
d) The fi sca l yea r of the Society s hall 
coincid e with the calendar yea r, fees 
a re paY:1ble in a d va nce, at the t ime 
of the An nual m eet ing . 
2. The Presid e nt of th e Society sha ll be the 
r eprese nt a ti ve o n Ih e Board of Directo rs 
of the Entomologica l Society of Ca naeld. 
Th e l ' r es id e nt is at libert y to appoint a 
snlJ ;;titu te tD r ep rese nt him at the An-
nu a l ::-I eet ing of the Na ti o na l Soc iety in 
the cvcn t thal he is no t able to attend. 
3. ~l) Th e annua l fi nancial statement s hall 
he prese nt ed by the Secreta ry-
Treasurer at th e Annual meeting. 
b) An a udito r shall be appointed at 
each A nnual m ee ting to aud it the 
acco un ts of the Society. 
4. The By-Laws may be changed at any 
Annual m eeting by a m oti on approved 
by th e majorily of the m embers pre se nt 
a nd in gnorl s tanding. 
SCIENCE NOTES 
Coleophora prtlniella Clemens, a Case bearer New to the Okanagan Valley 
(Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) 
When MI". Alex Watt, Horticultural 
Branch, British Columbi :1 Department of 
Agriculture, West Summerland, was vi siting 
an o rchardist at Trout C ree k Point, Sum-
merland, in 1954, he not iced a number of 
ch erry leaves sh.O\Yin g a n unu sual ty pe of 
injury, presumably caused by a n in sect. On 
visiting the orchard, r fo und that the cause 
of th e trouble was a casebearer, subseq uent-
ly id entified by Dr. T . N. Freeman, Ento-
m ology Division, Ottawa, as the cherry case-
bea rer, Coleophora prrmiella Clem. Thi s is 
th e {-irst known reco rd o f this s pecies fo r 
th e Okanagan Va ll ey of British Columbia. 
* \Vadrk ll, T). "I:. TIiology and cOTltro l of .the ch.C'1:ry· 
casche, rer, Coltophora prll1J i~/'a Ck' llll": I1 ";, 111 Hntl ~h 
Coillmbia. Pl"oc. Ent. Soc. Briti sh Coillmbia 48:85 · 89. 
1952. 
Th e first and only o ther reco rd ed occ ur-
rence .o f C. /Jruniella for the Province was a t 
C reston in 1947 (Waddell, 1952).* 
Severa l hundred mature casebearer l:1rvae 
were coll ected o n June 18 anel ke pt in an 
in sec tary. ::-f o th s and parasites began 
emergin g two weeks late r ; parasiti sm wa s 
approximate ly 0.75 per cent . Dr. W . R. ::-f. 
::- [ aso n, E ntomology Division, Ottawa, id enti -
fied th e p;lI-asitcs as Bracon gelechiae Ash Jl1 . 
a nd A ga/hiJ sp. near conJpiCllus ( \ <\fesJl1 .). 
Th ese spec ies wer e not reported by vVaddell 
(1952) among 23 specie s o f H yme noptera 
li s ted as pa ra s iti c on larvae anel pupa e of tli e 
cherry casc bcarc r. 
--M. D . Prol'erh.r . A SJocia/e [II /o!nologi.r/, 
Entomology Lahoratory. SlI mmerl(/lid. Fl.C. 
Con/ribll/io}) No. 3332. EIi/o/l/fJlog "l 
Di, ·i .rioil. Science Seil'ice . D e/J.lr/Ill eill oj 
A griclIl/lIre, ()//au'a. Cailada. 


Revised Constitution of the Entomological Society of British Columbia - Adopted April 28, 1955

Zuk, Peter

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH CoLUMBIA, PROC. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 
NOTE ON DAMAGE TO LEAD CABLE BY THE BROWN HOUSE MOTH, 
HOFMANNOPHILA PSEUDOSPRETELLA (STAINT). 
(LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE)I 
PETER ZUKZ 
Stored Product Insect Section, Entomology Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C. 
In August, 1955, a damaged section 
of lead sheathing (Fig. 1) from an 
interphone cable was sent to the Van-
couver laboratory by a local pest con-
trol operator. The metal, 0.06 in. 
thick, was pitted and perforated. 
Microscopic examination rev e a led 
minute, gnawed marks lining the 
small pits and perforations. These 
marks appeared to have been made 
by the mandibles of insects, since 
they were much too fine to have been 
made by a rodent's teeth. The pest 
control operator stated that the cable 
came from a local race track, where 
it formed part of the totalizator 
equipment. 
The author then examined the 
equipment at the race track. The 
betting wickets were under the grand-
stand of the race track. The cables 
were confined to the floor area be-
hind and along the length of the 
series of wickets, and connected th e 
ticket-issuing machines with the ma s-
ter control panel in the grandstand 
and the totalizato r boa rd in the in-
fi eld of the race track. The cables, 
of various sizes and covered with 
pure lead, were enclosed fo r protec-
tion by a wooden casing, in which 
the pest control operator had placed 
rat bait at various points. Damage 
to the cables was confined to areas 
beside the bait. which contained co rn 
meal, oats, and 0.025% warfarin. 
Apparently fresh bait had been reg-
ularly added with little effort to re-
move old, insect-infested material. 
The baiting had been conducted for 
at least eighteen months before the 
damage was noticed. 
Adults of the brown house moth, 
Hofmanl1ophila pseudospretella (Staint.), 
were present in the wooden casing. 
1 Contt-ibution No. 3447, Entomology Division, 
Science Service. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, 
C,nada. 
~. Officer· in·Charge. 
The bait contained larvae, webbing, 
frass, and pupal cases of this moth. 
Larvae had spun cocoons along the 
cable within the piles of bait, and 
microscopic examination rev e a led 
minute particles of lead incorporated 
among the webbing of the pupal cases 
around the points of attachment to 
the cable. Large white pellets of 
frass around the pupal cases contain-
ed minute pieces of lead, which 
appeared to have passed unchanged 
through the alimentary canal. The 
size of these pellets and the presence 
o f lead in the pupal case webbing 
suggested that the damage was caused 
by la te-instar larvae. 
The damaged areas were repaired 
satisfactorily by re-Ieading. The 
wooden casing was thoroughly clean-
ed. vacuumed, and sprayed with resi 
dual insecticide to lessen the likelihood 
of repet ition of the damage. 
The moth is a pest of stored food-
stuffs in BI-itish Columbia. Tt has 
been taken in cereal warehouses and 
fced plants in cities on Vancouver 
Island and in the Okanagan Valley in 
the interior of the province. It has 
bee n found in Vancouver feed ware-
house s and terminal elevators. In the 
latter. they are most abundant in the 
workhouse basements and in the base-
ment tunnels, where the humiditv is 
high and the temperature fairly stable. 
In the basements they feed on dust 
and grain spillage. The moth is occa-
sionallv found in Vancouver homes. 
Dead -insects and spider' s wehs are 
the insect's food in unheated buildings 
such as garages and sheds. The moth 
was probably established in the grand-
stand on such a diet when it spread 
to the rat bait. So far as known, this 
is the first record of damage to lead 
bv the larvae of the brown house 
moth. 
E NTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROc. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 195 7 13 
Fig . l.- Sec ti o n o f lead s heathin;,( showing damage caused by la rvae o f 
Hoflll annophi/(/ psmdospre/e/la (Staint.) . 
Liee on a Bald-headed Eagle 
Ull several occasio ns have received 
from collecto rs a few specimens o f a very 
small Mallophagan, Co/pocepha/um f/al 'eSCellJ' 
Harm, 1829, whi ch is a normal lo use of the 
bald-headed eagle. In 1947 1[ r. Cha rles 
Guiguet o f th e Pro vincial ;\[ useum, Vic to ria, 
sent m e o lle s pecimen of a mag ninccnl 
louse 9} mm. long tak en frolll an eagl e 
coll ec ted at Gra ham hlalld, Queen C harlott e 
Islands. This specimen wa s placed hyMiss 
Theresa Clay o f The British ~[useum in th e 
genu s Laemobothrion, species unde termined . 
Dr. K. C. Emerson of Oklahoma who ha s 
pro hably the second larges t co ll ec ti o n o f 
Mall ophaga in the world. to ld me that a 
LaemobOlhrion f rom bald -h ead ed eag- Ic had 
yet to be desc ribed. 
On 1 February 1956, Provincial Gallle In -
spec to r C. E . E stlin o f Courtenay, Van -
couver Island, sent in to th e D e pt o f 
Zoology a vo ung bald-head ed eag le which 
he had confi scated from a c iti zen. Th e 
hird wa s afliic ted with a rough. call ce rous 
growth on the nec k and a t the base o f th e 
hill and mu st have been quit e s ickly to 
haw had bee n kill ed \\'ith a sho tg un; 
no rmally one does no t get close enoug h to 
an eagle to collec t it with a shotgun . 
have always found that sickly animals have 
more ec toparasite s on them than hea lthy 
o nes. Ce rtainly in this in stance never was 
sickness in a binI m o re pro fitable. 
The outside o f th e paper wrappings that 
we re around the eagle were crawling with 
li ce, and from th e bird itself I recovered 
about two cubic centimetres o f C. f/a vescellJ' 
after whi ch I grcw tired o f picking them 
off the eag-Ie, off myself, and for the next 
three days, o ff my labora to ry coat. 
Besides the small living lir e, there dro p-
ped o ff the bird three dead specimens o f 
Laemobolhrion. Imm ediately th e eagle was 
rum ed a nd brush ed o ver to t he las t fcather 
until no m o re larg e lice could be found. 
No less th a n 42 adults o f bo th sexes a nd 
nymph s we re obtained, female s g reatly 
predominating. If this is indeed a new 
s pecie s, th e U ni ve rs ity will ha ve a fin c 
se ries o f paratypes.- G. J. Spencer, Unit'erJily 
of BriliJh CO/Nil/ bid. 
Platynus Retractus (Lee.) 
P/,II)'IllIJ reJractUJ ( Lec. ) (Coleo pt era : Cara -
hida c) . I n The Beet/es of the Pacific N orth-
West Hat ch m en tions thi s spec ies ( p. 145), 
hut could find no definite proo f o f it s occ ur-
rence in our fauna , so " It is fo r th e tim e 
hein g exc lud ed from th e No rtl1\\'est li s t". 
But T have three specim ens fro111 C res to n, 
H.C. verified by Lindro th . Th ey are closes t 
to gratios llJ M a nn ., hut are smaller, m ore 
ovate, a nt ennae pa ler and with other mino r 
distincti o ns, and a re recogni zabl e on s ig ht. 
\ [os t record s o f rei rafl liS a re Eas te rn , but 
Carr has it o n th e Albe rta li s t and it i, 
k nown from ~r o nt a n a .-G. Strlce Smith, e rex-
lOll. R.C. 


Note on damage to lead cable by the brown house moth, Hofmannophila pseudospetella (Staint). (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)

Curtis, L. Colin

18 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, ?ROc. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 
Larval development is similar to that 
of the forest tent caterpillar, j'liala-
cosoma disstria Hbn., and the earliest 
recorded cocooning date for both 
species In the Quesnel district IS 
June 9. 
The Cocoon 
When cocoons of this varietv were 
first collected at Aleza Lake i~ 1947, 
it was found that frequently two or 
more larvae had spun up together, 
uniting their efforts to form a single 
cocoon. The pupae were in a single 
envelope with no silk separating them. 
In 1950, a high population overflowed 
from a bog near Hixon and spun up 
in the surrounding forest, thus afford-
ing an opportunity to gather addi-
tional information on the frequency 
of multiple cocoons. The tops of 
five lodgepole pine saplings were clip-
ped off and the masses of cocoons on 
the branches and leaders were dis-
sected and the number of pupae in each 
recorded (Table 1). 
OCCURRENCE OF LEPTOCONOPS KERTESZ! KIEFFER (DIPTERA: 
CERATOPONGONIDAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIAI 
L. COLIN CURTlS2 
Veterinary and Medical Entomology Section, Entomology laboratory, Kamloops, B.C. 
At about noon on June 22, 1955, on 
a hot, dry, grassy slope along the 
Dog Creek - Gang Ranch cutoff in 
the southern Cariboo country, a horde 
of minute flies appeared, biting fierce -
ly in the hair and ears of a party of 
entomologists. The attack was similar 
to that of no-see-ums (Ctllicoides spp.), 
but the latter usually bite at dusk and 
under conditions of shade and high 
humidity. 
Specimens collected were identifiied 
by the writer as of Leptoc011OPS I::er:eszi 
Kieffer. This species has an unusual 
distribution. The type locality is 
Cairo, Egypt, and specimens are 
recorded from elsewhere in Egypt and 
Tunisia, as well as from Cape Province 
in South Africa . On this continent 
they have been captured in Utah and 
California . Carter (1921), in his r e-
vision of the genus, stated that the 
Utah specimens had spherical sperm-
athecae in contrast to the obovate 
form in the type, and tentatively 
named the yarietv americanllS to accom-
modate them. However, the British 
1 Contribution No. 3442, Entomology Division, 
Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. 
2 Assistant Entomologist. 
Columbia specimens have distinctly 
obovate spermathecae. 
This occurrence constitutes the flrst 
biting record for the species in Canada, 
although lVIr. J A. Downes, En-
tomology Division, Ottawa, stated 
(m litt.) that adults of Leptol1conops 
sp. have been captured in southern 
Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and at 
Churchi ll, Man. In view of this wide 
distrihution, the lack of earlier biting 
records is remarkable. It is possible 
that attacks by LeptocollOPS spp. have 
be en a tt ribu ted to C1Ilicoides spp. 
Cartel- set the range limits of the 
genus as between Lats. 35°S. and 
400 N., with records all the way from 
North Africa. to Siam and Queensland 
in the Old Worlel, and in the United 
States, Cuba, and Brazil in the t\ew. 
Since thell there have been two 
r eco rd s from France (I\oman , 1937 ; 
Huttel and Huttel, 1952), one from 
the far eastern U.S.S.R. (Gutsevitch, 
1947). and one from Vvashington 
State (Bacon, 1955). These, together 
with the new Canadian records, sho"v 
the genu s to have a cosmopolitan 
rather than a holotropi cal distribution. 
References 
Bacon, M. 1953. The arthropods of medical and veterinary importance 111 the Columbia 
Basin. Washington Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech . Bull. 11. 
Carter, H. F. 1921. A revision of the genus Leptoconops Skuse. Bull. Ent. Res. 12: 1-28. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PRoc. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 19 
Huttel, W., and Huttel, N. 1952. A propos de Leploconops inoponallls n. sp. de la region de 
Montpelier. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 57: 45-47. 
Gutsevitch, A. V. 1947. A new Leploconops Skuse (Diptera, Heleidae) from the U.S.S.R. 
(in Russian, with English summary). Ent. Obozr. 28: 124-130. 
Roman, E. 1937. Sur quelques arthropodes vlIlnera nts r<:coltes en Camarglle. Bu ll. Soc. 
En!. France 42: 131-136. 
BROCHOSOMES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF INSECTS OF 
WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 
By W. H. A. WILDE2 and G. W. COCHRANE3 
Some unusual sponge-like bodies of 
insect origin were noted and photo-
graphed by Cochran in 1948 while he 
was making electron-microscope ex-
am inations of leafhopper body fluids. 
Tulloch, Shapiro, and Cochran (1) 
published the first description of these 
bodie s. Tulloch and Shapiro (2) 
named them brochosomes, extended 
the known geographic and species 
range of insects known to have 
brochosomes, and described what they 
considered to be developmental forms. 
Brochosomes appear as hollow 
spheroids With perforated external 
surfaces , varying in diameter from 
240 to 600 millimicrons. Apparently 
non-living, they may be found singly 
or joined together in large masses by 
what appear as single or double 
strands. The chemical composition 
and function of brochosomes are un-
known. 
2 As s istant Ento mo lo gi s t, Canada , J)epartment oi 
Agriculture, Cresto n , Ij,C. 
3 As soc..iate Hesearch Profes sor, Department of 
B o tany and Plant P athology , Ut ah State Agriculturt:, 
C.ollege, Logan , Utah, U .S.A. 
In studies at the Utah State Agri-
cultural College brochosomes were 
found on the external surfaces of 
several species of Western North 
American insects. The specimens 
were placed in drops of ten per 
cent alcohol, and gentle manipulation 
of external surfaces of the insects 
usually dislodged an abundance of 
brochosomes which were readily ob-
served when portions of the drops 
were transferred with micropipettes to 
standard specimen screens covered 
with Formvar membranes. 
Brochosomes were found on ex-
ternal surfaces of adults of the fol-
lowing species of leafhoppers: Circulifer 
tenellus (Bake r), Dikranettra absenta DeL. 
and CI., and M.acrosteles fascifrom (Stal.). 
Specimens of M.. fasci/rons and D. ab-
senta tested were collected in two 
widely separated areas, Logan, Utah, 
and Cre s ton , British Columbia. All 
specimens of C. tmel/us tested were 
collected in Logan, Utah. 
An attempt was made to obtain 
samples of internal body fluids free 
Fig. I.- Un shadowecl electron micrograph 
of brochosomes, approximat ely X8,OOO. 


Occurrence of Leptoconops kerteszi Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopongonidae) in British Columbia

Condrashoff, S. F.

26 ENTOMOLOGICAL SoCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, FRoc. (19%), VOL. H, FEB. 15, 19'7 
ADVANCE OF THE SATIN MOTH, STILPNOTIA SALlCIS (L.), INTO THE 
INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIAl 
S. F. CONDRASHOFF 
Forest Biology Laboratory, Vernon, B.C. 
The most easterly record for the 
satin moth, Sti/pnotia sa/icis (L.), in 
British Columbia was marked in the 
summer of 1955, when larvae were 
found on poplar trees at Kinsmen 
Beach in Vernon. First reports of 
this pest of poplars came from New 
Westminster in 1920, and in 1921 from 
Vancouver, where it is believed to 
have first entered the Province from 
Europe in 1918. Subsequently it has 
spread steadily northeastward into 
the Interior as far as Vernon. 
1 Contr ibution No. 326, Fo res t B iology Div is ion, 
Science Serv ice, Department of Agriculture, O tt awa, 
Canada. * " necon.ls of occurrence" refer s to feedillg larvat', 
In its advance, apparently two main 
routes were taken from the original 
point of entry a t Vancouver (Fig. 1). 
One route followed the Canadian Pa-
cific and Canadia n National Railways 
through Ka mloops, with the follow-
ing records of occurrence*: New 
W estminster 1920; Mission 1926; 
Chi lli wack 1926; Keefers 1933; south 
of Lytton 1933 ; Lytton 1945; Spences 
Bridge 1946 (?); Ashcroft 1949; 
Savona 1949 ; Kamloops 1950; Best-
wick 195 1; No rth Arm Okanagan Lake 
1954 ;and Vernon 1955. The other 
route followed the Pacific Great East-
ern Railway with the following 
Princeton 
U.S.A. 
Fig. 1.-Advance of the satin moth, Stilpnolia salhis (L.), into the interior of 
British Columbia, 1920-1955 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SoCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, !>ROC. (1956), VOL. 53, FEB. 15, 1957 27 
records: Squamish Valley 1929; Seton 
Lake 1932; Lillooet 1935; and Clinton 
1946. 
Theories have been advanced to 
account for the mode of the satin 
moth's distribution, a popular one be-
ing that the insect was probably car-
ried into the interior of the Province 
by means of trains. As early as 1935 
adult satin moths were found in 
freight cars a t Kamloops, and at other 
times egg masses have been found on 
box cars. ReC'ords of infestations 
through the years have, in general, 
come from localities along the major 
railways previously men t ion e d . 
Records of in sec t occurrence, how-
eve r, often depend upon the accessi-
bility of the a reas in which the insec ts 
are likely to occur, so that possibly 
records along the railways might 
have been reported more frequently 
because of ease of detection. Other 
means of transport must not be ove r-
looked as automobiles entering the 
Okanagan have been known to carry 
adults of the satin moth. The adults 
are not very discriminating as to 
where they deposit their eggs, which 
have been found on houses, glass, and 
on many othe r sites and objects. Eggs 
deposited on a movable object might 
bC' transported in unu sual ways, but 
neverth ele ss effectiv ely. 
In some cases infesta tions have 
occurred miles from anv roads or 
railways and might be a"ttributed to 
moth Hi ght o r aerial dispersal of the 
larvae . It has been noted that the 
adult moths can fly over considerable 
distances under favourable conditions. 
The spread of the satin moth in 
British Columbia was not a gradual 
and continuous movement, but oc-
curred in spurts and jumps in a very 
irregular fashion as regards time 
between "moves" and distance cover-
ed during each move. The spasmodic 
movement eastward is also reflected 
by the limited number of parasite 
species and the number of individuals 
obtained in parasite studies in the 
interior of British Columbia during 
recent years. 
The advance of the sa tin moth has 
also been governed by the availability 
of host tree species. Glendenning 
(1932) observed tha t the insect at 
first regi ste red some incompatibility 
towards black cottonwood. Later 
records show that it will feed on all 
poplars in British Columbia including 
at least the commoner introduced 
species, although in mixed stands it 
seems to a ttack some species in prefer-
ence to others. In the Interior, 
trembling aspen IS apparently the 
favoured host. 
The sat in moth in its advance into 
the interior of British Columbia has 
exhibited ability to adapt itself to 
new conditions of climate and to new 
host s. Likewise, in addition to its 
own means of locomotion, it has made 
use of a rtificial means of transport, 
such as ships in entering the contin-
ent. with trains and automobiles 
aid i n g its dispersal within the 
Province. This in sect is now a well 
established and successful pest in the 
interior of British Columbia and is 
capable of further spread 1I1 the 
future. 
References 
Burgess, A. F. 1921. The satin moth: an introduced enemy of poplars and willows. U.S.-
D.A. Circular 167. 
Glendenning, R. 1924. (revised 1932) . The sati n moth in British Columbia. Dept. of 
Agric., Pamphlet No. SO (N.S.) . 
A note on TriboliufTI destructor D tten. (Coleop tera: Tenebrionidae) 
In September 1954, an agent from an 
importing firm brought me a small quantity 
of tea leaves which had been returned to 
the firm with the complaint that it was in-
fested by insects. The agent gave me two 
black beetles 116 inch long, two beetle 
pupae and three larvae in a few spoon fulls 
of tea. I used the tea leaves for a brew 
and cultured out the insects in pulverized 
Purina fox-chow pellets. This medium 
apparently suits these insects, which have 
since developed in thousands. 
28 ENTOMOL OG ICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1956) , VOL 53, FF.B. 15, 1957 
Mr. P eter Zuk of th e Stored Prod uct 
Insect L a bo ra to ry, Va ncouver, id en tifi ed the 
beetles as Trib oliuTn destructor U tten. In o ur 
collections was o ne o f two specim ens I had 
ta k en in Vancouver in 1951 th at were 
identi fied in 1954 by Dr. D. W . Boddy of 
Seat tl e as Aphallotlls brellicomis Lec. A se ries 
se nt to Mr. Gordo n Stace-Smith was pro -
noun ced to be A. /; rt!~·icomiJ. This is appa r -
ently a re lat ive ly rare beetle because :- rr. 
Stace-Smith, 1',1[ 1' . H. B . Leech of th e Ca li -
fo rnia Acad emy o f Sciences and th e System -
at ic Unit at Ottawa, were a ll g lad to have 
a series. 1\1r. 'vV. Brown o f th e Systemat ic 
U nit reqnested a li ving colon y becanse the 
Natio na l Collectio n had no s pecimens of 
this species. A ft e r s tudying it, Mr. Brown 
repo rted that th e insect is not Ap!JanoJus 
brellicomis Lee., hut is Trib oliuTn destructor 
U tt cn. eve n as :''lr. Z nk had id enti fied it at 
fi r s t. 
Th e o riginal s tock that t he age nt received 
ami lat e r gave m e, pro ba bl y developed in 
ce rea ls. i rom whic h t he la rvae mig rated to 
nea rhy tea leaves for pupat ion; they ce r-
ta illl y do not fecd 0 11 t ea lea ves. 
- C. j. Sb ellcer, Unit 'ersilY of 
llrili.rh Coillmbia. 
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ROOT MAGGOTS IN EARLY CABBAGEt 
K. M. KING, A. R. FORBES, AND M. D . NOBLE] 
Field Crop Insect Section, Entomology Laboratory, Victoria, B.C. 
Eight large-scale experiments on 
chemical control o f root maggots in 
early cabbage w ere conducted from 
the Victoria laborato ry during the 
years 1947-1953 a nd 1955. The phase 
of the investiga tion relating to 
methods of evaluating damage and 
.control has already been reported 
{King, Furbes, and Noble, in prepara-
tion). 
BefoI'e 1920, con t rols recomm ended 
in North America were limited to 
cultural or me chani cal methods (Coi'i, 
1892; Slingerland, 1894 ; Schoene, 1916 ; 
Gtbson a ncl Treherne, 1916). Use of a 
tarred felt paper pad around the s tem 
of each tran splant, tho ugh effec tive , 
was very laborious and not comm er-
cially practical. Chemical control, in 
the usual sense, did not exist until 
Britta in ( 1920) publi shed experimental 
evidence ,Jf the effec tiveness and 
practica l va lue o f cor rosive sublimate, 
previously report ed (e.g .. Slingerland, 
1 ~94) to have been em pl oyed fo r 
many years by some commercial 
g rowe rs in Great Britain a s a trade 
secret. Brittain's re sults w ere --soon 
c·_)nfirmed by other worker s, and the 
I Con tributi o ll :'\0. J·Ul. En toTl101 o,g'~' l )i\· i ~ i ()ll . 
~ci etlC'e St:rvice, l)epartlllt't1t o f Agriculturt', ()tta\\;I, 
Canada. 
2 Officer-ill-CharJ.{e. As soc i-Ite Ellto 1ll01nK i ~ t. alld 
Technici ::111 re~p~c ti velr. F orbt's ;lnd :"!ohlt" 110\\' ;. t 
FlltOtn nlng" L~boratof\·. ('/0 Un i \"ers it \, of Hriti :d l 
Columbia, ' Vancouver,' D.C. -
effectiveness of calomel wa s demon-
strated by Glasgo w (1929) and others. 
Both o f the se chemicals we re expen-
si ve and the labor cost was a lso high 
since repea ted applications we r e 
necessa ry. A lthoug h these two chem-
ical s continued fo r many years to be 
valuable standard remedies against 
root maggots , tho rough re -inves tiga-
ti un of the probl em became imperative 
when. with the advent of the chlorin-
ated hydrocarbons, there was promise 
o f deve loping more economical con-
trols (Carlson et al. , 1947). The ma-
te ri a ls first tried gave disa ppoi nting 
result s (Dills et al. , 1944) , but others 
la te r proved mo re effective (Eide & 
Sti tt, 1950 : Semenov 1950; and 
others) . It \vas at the early stage of 
this de velopm ent that the present 
s tudy was beg un. 
The m ethods used to evaluate con-
trol mea sures have not a lways been 
di scussed, especially in the earlier 
literature. Important except ions in-
clude B rittain (1920), Wri ght (1953), 
and King et al. (in preparation) . The 
latte r concluded : (1) that yield on an 
area basis provides the best summa-
tio n o f the effects of . attack and of 
chemical treatment, environmental 
fa cto rs being- considered : (2) that 
yie lds from diffe rent experiments are 
best compared wh en each is expressed 
a s a percentage o f the y ie ld o f the 
hi g-hest -y ie ldin g treatment of it s own 


Advance of the satin moth, Stilpnotia salicis (L.), into the Interior of British Columbia

Downes, W.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRlTISH COL UMB IA , PRO C. (1. 957), VOL. 54, D EC. 1.6, 1957 11. 
NOTES ON SOME HEMIPTERA WHICH HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED 
INTO BRITISH COLUMBIA 
W. D OWNES 
Vi ctoria, B.C. 
J n ~ pi te u t: th e best e tfu rt s o f thc 
illspection se r vic e, f()reign in sec ts find 
thcir way int () this pruYlIlc e from time 
t() time and so m c frum ea stcrn Canada 
a nd th e t Tni tcd States. Whilc fr e-
(IUc ntl y spcc ic s which arc must un -
II'e!com e obtain access. we havc, 
\Ii t hin thc la st fift y \'ears . received 
some which ma y il ro,'e of di stinct 
t'conomic lalut'. j\[y rem:.lrk s are 
hased UP()II ex pc ri e n~'e in collecting 
J lemiptera in I\riti sh Columbia sin ce 
] 917. 
PhyJO(GJ'is Ii/iae J.. Thi s han dsom e 
.\Lirid ha s probably been present in 
l\riti sh Columbia fur a considerabl e 
ti me. I t is fairl v cummon in Hritain 
an d bclongs tu ,~ family known to be 
largely predaceous in habit . Us ually 
it is brightly mott led with ligh t green 
and black. J t is to bc found on trec 
trunk s, cspec iall y dec iduuu s tree s, and 
occasionally on wooden fence s. In 
191 8 to 1923 I founci it commoll on 
houl ev ard trees in VanCO l1\'cr' s wcst 
end at the food of Geo rgia and nea rby 
st rects , often accompanied by the 
sle ndcr thread-legged bug, Empicoris 
Pi/OSIIS (Fieb.), ano th e r predaccous 
species. In 1954 T looked fo r it again 
in Vancouver and found it abundant 
()n two decaying deciduo us trces at 
thc foot of Robson Street, on this 
occasion accompanied by numbe rs of 
another PhylGCO ris species new to B.C., 
(apparently the European P. dimidiatlls , 
hut no t yet definitcly idcntified). Al-
th ough present on the mainland for 
s llch a lo ng- peri od P. liliae ha s not yet 
I>ecn found on Vancouver Island. 
/Hefanotrichlfs collc% r Kbm. Th isis 
anothe r European 1Vlirid which fe eds 
Iln broom, CytiS/ls scoparius. The in sect 
is g-rcen , of ahout the sa me shade as 
thc host. Thi s spcc ies was fir st not iced 
on Vancouver Island in the lat e twen-
ti es . It is said no t to be ,"cry abundant 
in Britain , hut on Va ncouve r ] sland 
it swarm s on the broom bush es to 
which it is definitely InJUrIOU S, 
H elerolollla merio plem lit Scup, Thi s 
curi ous ,Mirid is a Eurupcan species 
which wa s recorded by Knight in 
[917 fro m Kew Yo rk a nd is now found 
in Briti sh Columbia. It is ve ry COI11-
m on on So uth e rn Vancou vcr lslani 
and the lo wer mainland, VI/e took it 
fir s t at Ccdar Hill , V icto ria , in 1933 
w he re it was swept fr0 111 broo m 
bushcs; bu t it is abundant on almos t 
any kind of hcrbage a nd brush. It 
is dark brown o r black a nd ca n be 
recug-nized at onc e by the first tlYO 
j uint s of the a n te nnae be ing swollen 
and thickly clothed with dark ha ir s: 
the t hird a;1c1 fourth joint s a rc bare and 
filifo rm. Little o r no thing seem s to 
be known of ih life histurv but it does 
not appear to be harmful"in any way. 
Dicyphlls palliJicomis Fieb. This 
European species was se nt to m c from 
Vancouver in 1944, but it ha s been 
prcsent in \i\fe stern Nor th A mcri ca for 
a considerable time, having be en pl-e-
viou sly repo rted from Orcgon. Its 
onl y known host is Digilalis, a nd if it 
confined its a ttention s to the common 
ga rden foxglove no grea t ha rl11 would 
be done. But it also at tacks the 
medicina l Digitalis which is g rown in 
some quantity in the Victo ria district, 
and damages the plants extensively . 
It can be controlled by spraying with 
DDT. Thcre are several generations 
during the summer; the last genera-
ti on is ll sually brachypte rous and 
hibe rnates among dead leaves and at 
thc base of t he plants. The specics is 
abundant up and down the coas t of 
British Columbia wherever foxgloves 
are grow n, 
CaJl1py/onellra ~irg1lIa F icb. Thi s 
pretty spec ic s is allied to Dicyphlls 
which it close ly resembles . It is a 
nati ve of Europe where it is kn ovvn to 
be a n e ffi cient mite destroye r. My fir st 
record of it was in 1949 at C old st ream 
on Vancouver J sland wherc it , vas 
swc pt from alder trees a nd nettl es . 
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOClI!TY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (19~7) , VOl. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 
It has since been taken in small num-
bers at various points near Victoria 
and on the lower mainland. The in-
sect is yellowish, the wings hyaline 
tinged with yellow, the thorax with a 
broad band of yellow, the base of 
the scutellum yellow, the apex white. 
The cuneus is bright yellow, the apical 
portion orange-red. I have swept it 
from alders, poplars and various kinds 
of brush. It may prove to be a useful 
addition to our fauna. 
OrilJs minutus L. This small Antho-
corid was discovered by Norman 
Tonks on Lulu Island on the lower 
mainland in 1951 on raspberries and 
logans. It is a European species com-
mon in Britain. Our only known 
native species is Orius insidiosus from 
which minlJtus is readily distinguished 
by its overall brown colour and broader 
outline. O. minutus is predaceous on 
mites and small insects and may prove 
to be a useful species. So far the 
lower mainland is the only locality 
record. 
Gargara genistae Fab. This is one of 
the only two species of treehoppers 
found in Britain. It has previously 
been known to occur in New Jersey 
where it was taken in 1917. In 1934 
I took it at Cedar Hill, Victoria, on 
broom. Since that time G. genislae has 
spread to Goldstream eleven miles 
west. It is not known to be injurious. 
Arytaina spartiophila (Forst.). In 1949 
this Psyllid occurred in enormous 
numbers on broom, Cytislls scoparius. 
That was the first yea r it had been 
recorded in British Columbia. It has 
been introduced from Europe and was 
first r ecorded at Fort Lewis, Wash-
ington, in 1935. When in la rge num-
bers it does heavy injury to broom. 
Thi s is not en t irely to be deplored 
si nce, ove r the year s, broom ha s fo rm -
ed dense thi ckets, often eight feet 
high on the Goldstream hill s. Such 
thickets are a fire hazard, and effec-
tually smother second g rowth. A 
check to th e advance of broom may 
prove to be an advantage. Many a reas 
fo rm erly in grass a re now cove red 
with broom. 
Graphocephala coccinea (Forst.) . This 
leafhopper, which is common in East-
ern Canada in shady woods, was 
numerous on rhododendrons at a 
nursery outside Victoria in 1941. I t 
is strikingly marked with broad 
stripes of recl and green. It does not 
seem to have spread in the Victoria 
area, but may still be present on 
rhododendron. 
Stictocephala bubalus (Fab.). The buf-
falo treehoppe r was not known as a 
native species in this province prior 
to 1920, when I received a specimen 
collected on the Agassiz Experimental 
Farm where it had probably been in -
troduced on nursery stock. A few 
years late r S. bubaills appeared in the 
southern Okanagan, but this may have 
been a separate introduction. The 
species is now well established. It 
does ha rm to several kinds of fruit 
trees by ovipositing in the twigs. 
Stictocephala diceros (Say) . This IS 
recorded only from Agassiz, B.C., 
from where I received a number of 
specimens in 1925 and 1926, but none 
since. It does not appear to have 
spread, and has never been reco rded 
from interior districts. It was probab-
ly introduced from eastern Canada in 
nursery stock. 
Macropsis juscula Zett. This Eu ropean 
species appeared on logans and rasp-
berries on Lulu Island in the lowe r 
F'rase r Valley in 1952 and within a 
year increased to enormous numbers. 
By 1954 it had spread 30 mile s up the 
Fraser Valley where it was found on 
variet ies of wild mblJs. The introduc-
tion of this species is most un fortunate 
on account of the haza rd to the logan-
berry indust ry. It has already spread 
to Vancouve r Island, which was to be 
expected, si nce the site of the orig in-
al infestation is close to the a irport. 
Without such a rtificial means of dis -
tribu t ion it might have been confined 
to th e lower ma inland for a long period 
as has been the case with other 
species. This occurrence has been 
adequately repo rted elsewhere by H . 
Anclison (Ca n. Ins. Pest Rev . 32(1) : 4. 
1954) .) 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY or BRITISH COLUMBIA, PilOc. (1957), VOL. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 13 
Macropsis virescms var. graminea (Fab.). 
This was first taken by me at Haney 
on poplars in 1954. It is a European 
species now widely distributed in 
North America but is not expected to 
prove of any particular economic Im-
portance. 
Idiocems decimllsqllartus Schr. This 
name now takes precedence in the 
case of this leafhopper which was long 
known as ldiocerus sCflrra. It is another 
denizen of poplar trees and is known 
to have been present on the lower 
mainland since 1922, when I received 
a spec imen collected a t New West-
minster. This is a European species, 
prese nt in North America for a long-
time, which may have come to British 
Columbia in the egg stage in the first 
poplars brought here. Like seve ral 
o ther species it has apparently no t yet 
succeeded in crossing to Vancouver 
J sland. 
Aliyglls mix/lis (Fab.). This large 
handsomely marked European leaf-
hopper was first noticed on Vancouver 
Island in 1948, but probably it had 
arrived some years earlier since it was 
already well distributed over the 
southern districts. It is an active 
flier, so its spread could be quite 
rapid. It now occurs on the mainland, 
breeding on oak and other deciduous 
trees and on snowberry (Symphori-
carpus). So far it has not proved in-
JUrious . 
There are several other species 
which have been edging their way 
acros s the continent for years, but 
cannot be mentioned here. Others 
will, no doubt, cont inue to arrive; it is 
some comfort to know that, in the 
case of Hemiptera, many are harm-
less , and some are definitely beneficial. 
An unusual flight of termites 
Emergence of a late firs t reproductives of 
the mos t commonly occurring termite in the 
lowe r Fraser Valley, Zootermopsis anguslicol/is 
Hagen, may occur during almost any month 
of the year (Jacob, ]. K. The Termites of 
British Columbia, their st ructure, bionomics 
a nd in testi nal fauna. Unpublished Masters' 
Thesis, U nivers ity of Driti sh Columbia, 1938) . 
I have personallv observed them from J anu-
ary to May and from Aug-ust to November. 
Fo r some vears now I have watched the 
a utumn flight along the north slope o f the 
P oint Grey Peninsula any time between the 
e nd of August, through September. These 
termit es abound in old logs that li e half 
huri ed in sand o r gravel in vari ous s tages 
o f decay on both sides o f Durranl inlet. 
Th ey a re in a surpri sing-I y hi gh perce ntage 
of old er home s in the K erri sda le-Kitsilano 
a rea and may occur almos t an ywhere in V an-
CO LIve r where earth is in contact wit h the 
s t LI CCO o r wooden siding of a hOLI se and rot 
sets in . Ga rages ,,·hose fl ooring res ts on 
timbers direc tly in co nta ct \I·ith th e ea rth 
a nd huilding, with damp. dead -a ir spaces 
helow th em, a re particularl y susce ptibl e. 
The autumn flig-ht of termites alon;:!' th e 
Point Grey peninsula ca n be direct ly fol-
lowed hy t he movement s of large /l ocks of 
Bonap;ute's g ull s (LaruJ philadelphia OrcI.) 
w hi ch oluck th e termite s out of the air. 
Professo r CO\\'an (olel me tha t he has shot 
the bird s ciuring t he se manoe uvres a lld ha s 
foulld them packed with termite s. One-
time residents of Gambie r Island have assur-
ed me that they have frequently watched 
this behaviour amongst large gulls also. so 
it is probably genera l along our coasts 
wherever termites swarm. Normally, off 
Point Grey, this fli ght occurs from 300 to 
500 feet above g round and extends inland 
from the sea beaches for possibly one 
quarter of a mile. But in the early evening 
o f Aug-ust I, 1956. an unu sua ll y large t1l1m-
ber of these delicate, black-headed gull s 
hunted termites from the sea shore inland 
and overhead until they passed southwards 
out of sight. The line of diving, twisting 
gulls stretch ed eas t a nd west as far as 
one could sec, at ahout the height of tall, 
old fir trees nearby, which would be between 
150 and 200 feet. Five days later som e 
res ident s of South Burnaby described to 
me this fli ght o f gull s stating that it had 
come from th e no rth and had passed south -
\I'ard s ove r the Frase r River and out ove r 
Lulu I sland . 
In past years, it would seem that the 
supply of winged te rmites gave out within 
a few hundred ya rd s o f the sea sho re hut 
th e flig-ht o f te rmi tes on August I, 1956, 
mu st have exceeded all previous ones to 
have suppli ed the birds with food fo r several 
l1lil es. - G. f. S /J elleer, D e!ll. of Z oology, VII i-
t'ersil y 0/ British CollIll/bi.l. 


Notes on some hemiptera which have been introduced into British Columbia

Spencer, G. J.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1957), VOL. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 
UNUSUAL DAMAGE TO POTATOES BY THE TWO-SPOrrED SPIDER 
MITE, TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS (L.), IN THE 
LOWER FRASER VALLEYl 
H . G. FULTON 2 
Entomology Laboratory, Chilliwack, B.C. 
Ear ly ill .J ul y, 1956, it was obse rved 
t hat the tops of lat e Yetted Cem po-
tatoes we re bruwl1ing alld dying uff in 
a 14-acre field at :-;ardis, nrit i ~h Co l-
umbia.ll1\ est igat io ll sh()w eci that the 
damage was caused by hrge numbe rs 
(Jf the t \Vo-sputted mite , Telrallychlls 
le/Clrilfs eL. Y Infested areas were 
particularly Ilotic e;lbl e at th e edge o f 
the fie ld adjoining a ditch and hedge-
row of weeds and brush. Late r in 
July and during August similar dam-
age was fuund in potatu fleld s at Cole-
brook and Cloverda le. Although this 
mite has been recorded as a pest o f 
potatoes in vVashington and Idaho, 
this is the first time to the writer 's 
knowledge that it has damaged pota-
toes in British Columbia. Large 
populations of the mite were a lso ob-
served on sweet corn, pole beans, and 
marigolds at di fferen t loca tions. 
1. Contribution No, 3648, Ento l1loiog-y ])i\-ision, 
Science SCI-vice, Department of Agriculture , Ottawa, 
C anada. 
2. ' f'echllicai Offi ce !". 
1. lden tified b)' C. V. c. ~-r org-a ll. Entomology 
Laboratory. SUlllmerland, D.C. 
The fact u rs fa vouring the outbreak 
are Jl()t clearly understood. The sum -
mer was general ly hot and dry but no 
reco rd s were set. However, general 
weather conditions Illust have been 
favourab le for the rapid multiplication 
of the Illites . A possible contl-ibutory 
factor is the widespread use of DDT 
to control the tuber nea beetle. Vari-
ous researchers have shown that u se 
of DDT is followed by an increase in 
the abundance of mites. Some say 
that the natural predators are killed 
(Pickett, 1949); others claim that 
mites exposed to DDT lay more eggs 
(Hueck, 1955); sti ll othe r s state that 
the insecticide brings about changes 
in plant nutrition and composition 
(Klostermeyer and Rasmussen, 1953). 
The si tua tion is worth watch ing 
since one or more of the recently in-
tl'oduced contl'ol pl'actices for other 
potato pests may [aYOllr increase of 
the Illite. 
References 
Pickett, A . D. A cntIquc o n ins ec t chemical control method s. Can. En\.. 81 : 67 -76. 19~9. 
Hueck, H . J. Thc population-dynamics of the fruit tre e red spiel er "ith special referen ce 
to the influence o f DDT. Proefschr. Rijkslluiv, Leidcn, 1~8 P[l., 1953. Rev. Appi. Erll . 
(A) 43: 340-342. 1955. 
Klostcrmeyer, E. C. and VI/. D. Ra smussen . The effect of soil in sec (i,ide (reatmcnts 011 
mitc pOJlulation a nd damage. J. Econ. Ent. 46 : 910-9 12. 1953. 
The Wharf Borer in a Vancouver Branch Library 
In June, 1956, I was asked to investigate 
some beetle s which the librarian s of a 
hran ch library had found flyin g around thc 
premises and had tentatively identified h om 
litcrature as Nacc,.da me/anura (L.), the wharf 
bo rer. Th eir identifi cat io n was co rrect. 
In volume 43 of t he Proceedings of our 
Society, T publi sherl an article "An unusual 
record of the wharf bore r in buri ed piling", 
reporting that this beetle bred at tidewater 
in piling that had bee n covered by a slab 
of conc rete fo r thirty years. The branch 
library is a one-storey. 1500 sq uare foot 
building, loca ted on to p of a littl e hill with 
natural drainage o n al l s id es. There is 
no basement and o nl y small ventilat.or open-
in gs in front, so thal most of tlie fl oo r is 
ove r a dead air space. In February, 1957, 
the library was closed fo r 10 days for re-
pairs to the fl oo r and I was able to pro-
cure half a sinkful of sodden black lumber 
which the carpenters had thrown out from 
underneath the floor. Some 16 N . me/allum 
emerged from this material in the course of 
the next six weeks. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1957), VOL. 54, DEC. 16, ) 957 45 
Adults of both sexes are most erratic in 
their movements, tearing around in all di-
rections and then suddenly becoming motion-
less. A beetle will cover a territo ry for a 
considerable period like a hound on a scent 
and then suddenly dart off to another piece 
of wood or down a larval or a termite bur-
row, to emerge shortly and repeat the per-
formance. Adults apparently need no food. 
One or two mal es will foll ow a female for 
long periods. Eggs are laid singly o r in 
small g roups, as far down into crevices as 
females can place them with their consider-
a bly extend able ovipositors. The eggs are 
1 to 1.2 mm. long, white, long-oval, slightly 
curved or straight-sided. They hatch in 
from 5 to 7 days and the white larvae, 1.5 
to 2 mm. long wander for days on the 
su rface of sodden wood befo re boring in . 
Of two females dissected, one was nearly 
spent and yielded 35 eggs while the other, 
heavily gravid, contained 215 eggs of a 
uniform s ize suggesting that the full quo ta 
must be laid in a relatively short time. 
This record shows that the wharf bo rer 
is spreading in Vancouver and may turn up 
in sodden timbers in the underpinnings of 
buildings which have poorly ventilated or 
completely sa turated air spaces under them. 
Since the larvae feed only in sodden, rotting 
timber, the beetle is an indication of decay 
and not a cause of it.-G. J. Spencer, DePt .of 
Zoology, Unitlersity of British Columbia. 
A further note on Laelius 5p., Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, a parasite on the 
carpet beetle Anthrenus pimpinellae Fabr. 
In Vol. 39 o f the Proceedings of our 
Society I published a no te with approximate-
ly the above heading except that the specific 
name of the beetle was given as scrophulariae, 
after an identification made for me by the 
late Ralph Hopping. At that time I had not 
taken A. scrophulariae, the Buffalo Carpet 
beetle, in this province, but within the last 
few years it has become established in 
homes in Mission and Haney. It may com-
monly be taken o n white fl owers at Mis-
sion, in summer. 
From Hinton's book (Hinton, H. E. A 
mon ograph of the beetles associa ted with 
stored prod ucts. Vol. 1, Brit. Mus., 1945), 
I fou nd th at the beetles whi ch Hopping called 
A . scrophulariae showed the colour patterns 
of A. pimpinellae var. lepidlls Lec. Later 
when George H opping arranged o ur beetles, 
he placed the specimens under A. occidens 
Csy. 
This beetlc is a scavenge r in birds' nes ts , 
the la rva e feeding upo n feathers and the 
scales from pin -feath e rs lef t 'when fledglings 
have fl own. I have rea red them from cliff 
swall ows' nests in the Chilcotin, a nd from 
tree swallows' an d mountain blue birds' 
nests a t Kamloops. O nce at Quesnel I saw 
th e blossom s of a sma ll hawt horn swa rmin g 
wit h beetles w hi ch had apparen tl y just 
emerged from th e cliff swall ows ' ne st s, w hi ch 
plaste red the ends of a barn ' close by. The 
species is found at t he Coast and is wide-
spread in the Interior: I have specimens 
from Quesnel, l<iske Creek, K amloops, 
Nicola, Vernon, Salmon Arm, Trinity Valley, 
Merritt, Spence's Bridge and Victoria. 
In 1956 the Department of Zoology re-
ceived several cabinets of bird and mammal 
study skins, bequea th ed to the University 
by the late James \"Iynne of Enderby. One 
of the boxes of about 12 cu. ft. capacity 
held som e loose binI skin s and from th e 
bottom of this box I collected 11 pupal 
cases o f A. pimpinellae of which 9 contained 
the mass oi tight silk threads, indicative of 
Lae/ills paras itism, bul gi ng above the level 
of th e old larval skin in which pupae of 
dermestids typi cally occur. In m ost cases, 
a short emergence tube of the parasite ex-
te nd ed up from eac h mass, ope ning eithe r 
forwards or backw;t rd s. Loosening the silk 
with needl es rev ealed from two to four 
ot hers, unde rnea th each tube, indicat in g 
t hat eac h beetle pupa had supported from 
three to five paras ite s. Thi s is the hi ghes t 
degree of parasiti sm by Lae/itls that I have 
encount e red, nam ely nine out of eleven 
pupae or ahOllt SO per cent. Enderby is 
betwee n Armstro ng and Salmon Arm in th e 
Nort h Okanagan, but accordin g to Dr. O. Peck 
( Proc. Ent. Soc. B.c. 39: 21-22, 1942) 
vVhitt aker's type of occidenta/is was taken 
f rom a window in Chilli wack, on t.he lowe r 
mainlancl. There is hope, therefore, that 
thi s parasit e or it close ly related species of 
Lae/iIlJ, may become abundant in Vancouver 
where An/brows lJerbasci (L), th e varied 
carpet hectIc, is a ho usehold pes t of the 
fi rst magnitude.-G. J. S/m!cer. Dept. of 
7oo/0,(Y, University of Briti.rh CO/limbic!. 


The Wharf Borer in a Vancouver Branch Library

E NTOMOL OG ICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMIIIA, PROC. (195 7 ) , VOL. 54, DEC. 16, 1957 51 
As so urce books the \'a lue oi the se rie s 
can hardl y he questioned, either now when 
th e backlog' o f i)ape rS is being reviewe d, o r 
la te r \I'h en th e rev iews are marc immedi-
ate ly topica l. The que s ti on is ra ther th e 
personal one o f \\'he th er they are worth 
.59 cents per m onth to a hard-pressed pro-
fessional cnt omo logis t. The answer mu st 
"lIrcl y he affirmat ive. 
H. R. MacCarth). 
The Collections of Lepidoptera in the Department of Zoology, 
University of British Columbia 
In 1929 the U niversity purchased what was 
s tipulated a nd understood to be th e entire 
collection of macro- a nd micro -Lepido ptera 
from the estate o f E. H. Blackmore. Since 
that time, however, the United States Na-
tio nal Museum reported the g ift from Dr. 
Gat es Clarke of "the Blackmo re collec tion of 
2,000 s pec im ens"; the Provincial Museum at 
Victo ria reported the acqui si ti on of "The 
Blac kmore Collection"; and th e la te j . R. j. 
Llewelly n-,J ones to ld me that he had see n 
no tices of two sales of specimens of "the 
Blackmo re collec tio n of Lepidoptera" . H ow 
many s pecies and how many s oecimens the 
collection o rig in ally contained is impossible 
to say. The University received approximate-
ly 1,300 species of 9,900 s pec im ens, but m a ny 
o f th e species, especiall y in th e Noc tuida e, 
a re represen ted by s ingle s pecimens a nd in 
some cases by name labels only. There is 
one cabinet o f duplicates and "materia l for 
furth er s tudy". 
Within th e las t three years we have re-
ceived som e valuable addition s. When he 
sold hi s estate a t Duncan , the late J. R. J. 
Llewelly n- Jo nes deposited hi s large cabinet 
at th e U niversity. It conta in ed nea rly 5,000 
beautifully spread soecimens o n sho rt Eng-
lish pin s, of brig ht unfaded m ac ros, ending 
with the Geometridae. Thi s coll ec tion was 
will ed to th e University when Mr. j ones 
died . Throug h E. Ronald Buckell we re-
ceived the collec tio n m ade by hi s un cle, Dr. 
W. K B ucke ll (see Proceedings, Vol. 43). 
These nam ed, beautifully s pread, perfect' 
specimens, are housed in a tall walnut cabin-
et of 20 drawers. There are .541 species of 
macros and 232 species of rnic ros, totalling 
2,813 specimens, most ly from the Salmon 
Arm district. 
By the will o f J ame s Wynne of Enderby, 
the University rece ived his collection o f 
macro-Lepidopt era th e existence of which w e 
had not kn own. For years ~[r. vVynne had 
sent me valuable ec toparasitcs from birds 
and mammal s a nd a ltho ug h we corresponded 
at interval s, he never m entio ned being in -
teres ted in L epidootera. His collection of 
2,800 perfectly spread specimens is housed 
in 30 store boxes. 
Bo th the Buckell and the Jones collec-
tions are se para te units s ince they are 
m ounted on shor t pins and cannot well be 
incorporated with o th ers o n long pins. The 
vVynnc collection is on long pins and is 
being merged with the main Blackmore col-
lection, which will hencefo rth be known a s 
the Blackmore- vVynn e collection . Th e 
\<\Iynne collection is es peciall y valuable si nce 
it contains some series of which we had few 
or no specimens, and som e eastern North 
American forms. 
Thus th e U ni ve rs ity coll ection contains 
some 19,600 spread and named butterAies 
and moth s o f British Columbia and a few 
drawers of brillia nt Tropical fo rms for 
demonstration, acquired a few at a time 
from various do no rs.- G . f . Spencer, of Z oology. 
Unil'ersity of British Col"mbi(J. 


Printed by 
CHAPMAN & WARWICK LTD. 
VANCOUVER. B.C. 


Not a member yet