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Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on The Cancellation of Elective Surgeries in Barranquilla During 2021
No full textIntroduction: Based on worldwide statistics and casuistry of complications and morbidity and mortality due to cancellation of surgical procedures as a consequence of the pandemic generated by Sars Cov2. The cancellation of scheduled surgeries at a health institution in Barranquilla, Colombia, has been identified as a growing problem, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the underlying causes of these cancellations, focusing on factors related to patients, the institution, and medical staff. The aim was to determine the main causes to propose strategies that reduce their frequency.
Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional descriptive design was used to analyze 3,288 surgeries scheduled between June and December 2021, of which 63 were canceled but 55 were included. Secondary data were obtained from surgical records and institutional databases and analyzed using Office Excel.
Results: Of the scheduled surgeries, 1.67% were canceled, with the majority (78.2%) due to causes attributable to patients, such as changes in health status, no-shows, and non-compliance with preoperative instructions. The highest proportion of cancellations was observed in October (23.6%).
Conclusions: Cancellations were mainly related to patients, highlighting the importance of improving communication and preoperative preparation. It is crucial to educate patients about the importance of following preoperative instructions to minimize cancellations, improve service quality, and reduce costs. A detailed analysis of cancellations is recommended to implement specific and effective corrective measures.Introducción: Este estudio se propone analizar la cancelación de cirugías programadas en una institución de salud en Barranquilla, Colombia, durante la pandemia de Covid-19, centrándose en factores relacionados con los pacientes, la institución y el personal médico.
Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra incluyó 3.288 cirugías programadas entre junio y diciembre de 2021. De las 63 que se cancelaron, en este estudio se incluyeron 55. Los datos secundarios se obtuvieron de registros quirúrgicos y bases de datos institucionales, los cuales se analizaron mediante Office Excel.
Resultados: De las cirugías programadas, el 1,67 % se canceló, la mayoría (78,2 %) por causas atribuibles a los pacientes, como cambios en su estado de salud, inasistencias o no cumplimiento de instrucciones. La mayor proporción de cancelaciones se observó en octubre (23,6 %).
Conclusión: La cancelación de cirugías estuvo principalmente relacionada con los pacientes, subrayando la importancia de mejorar la comunicación y preparación preoperatoria. Es importante educar a los pacientes sobre la importancia de seguir las instrucciones preoperatorias para minimizar cancelaciones, mejorar la calidad del servicio y reducir costos. Se recomienda un análisis detallado de las cancelaciones para implementar medidas correctivas específicas y efectivas
Perception of the Be-BienEstar Knowledge Showcase: A Digital Prevention and Promotion Perspective
No full textIntroducción: El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la percepción de los usuarios sobre la vitrina de conocimiento Be-BienEstar como herramienta para la prevención y promoción de la salud mental. Materiales y métodos: Este es un estudio cuantitativo de enfoque exploratorio, descriptivo realizado en una institución de educación superior de ciencias de la salud; se realizó muestreo por conveniencia, con participación de 44 estudiantes de instrumentación quirúrgica, enfermería, medicina, psicología y administración en salud. Todos mayores de edad y participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables de la vitrina: edad, sexo, generalidades, estructura y diseño, recursos introductorios, habilidades para la vida (HpV), bienestar psicológico (Bp), programa mindfulness y kit pedagógico, mediante una encuesta semiestructurada en google forms con respuesta escala de Likert diseñada por los investigadores. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 22 años (DE 4,37). El 81,09 % eran mujeres. La percepción global de la vitrina fue positiva, se destacó como una herramienta relevante, accesible y clara en la promoción del bienestar mental en jóvenes. Conclusiones: La vitrina de conocimiento BE-BienEstar es una herramienta útil y accesible en la promoción de salud mental. Su diseño y contenido facilitan el autocuidado en población joven. Se destaca la necesidad de actualizaciones, así como su difusión permanente para maximizar la interacción, accesibilidad a diferente población y su reconocimiento como herramienta para promover la salud mental.Introduction: The objective of this research work is to determine users perception of the Be-BienEstar knowledge showcase as a tool for the prevention and promotion of mental health. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative study with an exploratory, descriptive approach, conducted in a higher education institution focused on health sciences. Convenience sampling was used, involving 44 students from surgical instrumentation, nursing, medicine, psychology, and health administration programs. All participants were of legal age and took part voluntarily. The following showcase variables were evaluated: age, sex, general characteristics, structure and design, introductory resources, life skills (LS), psychological well-being (PW), mindfulness program, and pedagogical kit. Data were collected through a semi-structured survey in Google Forms using a Likert scale questionnaire designed by the researchers. Results: The mean age of participants was 22 years (SD = 4.37). Women represented 81.09% of the sample. The overall perception of the showcase was positive, being highlighted as a relevant, accessible, and clear tool for promoting mental well-being among young people. Conclusions: The BE-BienEstar knowledge showcase is a useful and accessible tool for promoting mental health. Its design and content facilitate self-care among young populations. The need for regular updates and continuous dissemination is emphasized to maximize interaction, accessibility for diverse populations, and its recognition as a tool to foster mental health
Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Asymptomatic Multiple Myeloma: An Atypical Clonal Origin? Reliving the Case
No full textPaciente femenina de 85 años, quien presenta síndrome constitucional asociado a bicitopenia dado por anemia y leucopenia. Los estudios de médula ósea evidenciaron más de 20 % de blastos de estirpe mieloide y más de 10 % de células plasmáticas de inmunofenotipo patológico, confirmando doble neoplasia hematológica por anatomía patológica e inmunohistoquímica. Teniendo en cuenta la edad de la paciente, su antecedente de diabetes, la etiología de la neoplasia y que contó con ECOG de 2 puntos y Score de Charlos de 7 puntos para una supervivencia a 10 años del 0,01 %, se brindó manejo paliativo con azacitidina con buena tolerancia. En este artículo se describe el caso, debido a la presentación atípica concomitante de ambas neoplasias y la compleja elección de tratamiento con evolución favorable.An 85-year-old female patient presented with constitutional syndrome associated with bicytopenia due to anemia and leukopenia. Bone marrow studies showed more than 20% of blasts of myeloid lineage and more than 10% of plasma cells of pathological immunophenotype, confirming double hematological neoplasia by pathological anatomy and immunohistochemistry. It had ECOG of 2 points and Charlos Score of 7 points for a 10-year survival of 0.01%, so palliative management was provided with azacitidine with good tolerance. The present case is described given the concomitant atypical presentation of both neoplasms and the complex choice of treatment with a favorable evolution
Artificial Intelligence as A Fundamental Tool of Digital Governance
Full text linkLa gobernanza digital se ha convertido en una parte integral de las políticas públicas y de la administración organizacional en la era digital. Este concepto abarca el conjunto de procesos, políticas y tecnologías utilizadas para gestionar, regular y mejorar la interacción entre los gobiernos, las organizaciones y los ciudadanos en el ámbito digital. Esta gobernanza no sólo se refiere al uso de herramientas digitales en la administración pública, sino que implica un marco que busca la transparencia, la eficiencia y la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones. Este artículo examina, por un lado, los principios claves de la gobernanza digital, incluyendo la transparencia, la participación ciudadana, la eficiencia y la seguridad, analizando la forma como estos principios se implementan y contribuyen a mejorar el funcionamiento de las instituciones públicas y privadas; y por otro, la inteligencia artificial como herramienta clave en la gobernanza digital, que implica un gran beneficio para los Estados y los particulares, así como también trae consecuencias graves como discriminación, desigualdad, brechas digitales y exclusión, entre otros.Digital governance has become an integral part of public policies and organizational management in the digital era. This concept covers the set of processes, policies and technologies used to manage, regulate and improve the interaction between governments, organizations and citizens in the digital sphere. Digital governance not only refers to the use of digital tools in public administration, but implies a framework that seeks transparency, efficiency and citizen participation in decision-making. This article examines, on the one hand, the key principles of digital governance, including transparency, citizen participation, efficiency and security, analyzing how these principles are implemented and contribute to improving the functioning of public and private institutions and, on the other, Artificial Intelligence as a key tool in digital governance in order to be of great benefit to States and individuals, as well as serious consequences such as: discrimination, inequality, digital divides and exclusion, among others
The criteria of the jurisdictional function in Colombia and in comparative law among the States of Latin America, as well as the integration of external and internal normative systems.
Full text linkThe criteria of judicial activity refer to the way in which the sources of law that at a given historical moment are part of a certain regulatory system should operate, whether they are a manifestation of internal law or external law. Based on them, the judge has a hierarchical order of application that constitutes a guarantee of the rule of law and constitutional democracy in the resolution of specific cases; However, the non-consecration of these criteria, nor of a clause for the reception of external law in the various Latin American constitutions, and even of clauses of constitutional supremacy in many of these legal systems, has led to serious problems of systematization and integration.
These constitutional non-consecrations are considered an omission in the face of what should be a fundamental political decision in States that declare themselves constitutional and legal States. Under this context, this document makes an analysis and comparative proposal of the constitutional legal systems in Latin America, characterizing its system of sources of domestic law, its constitutional supremacy, the existence or not of criteria of the jurisdictional function and the reception formulas. of external systems, all of which are considered fundamental assumptions of a democratic State.Los criterios de la actividad judicial refieren a la forma como deben operar las fuentes del derecho que en un momento histórico dado hacen parte de un determinado sistema normativo, bien sean manifestación de un derecho interno o del derecho externo. A partir de ellos, el juez dispone de un orden jerárquico de aplicación que constituye una garantía al Estado de Derecho y de la democracia constitucional en la resolución de casos concretos; sin embargo, la no consagración de estos criterios, ni de cláusula de recepción del derecho externo en la varias de las constituciones latinoamericanas, e incluso, de cláusulas de supremacía constitucional en múltiples de estos sistemas jurídicos, ha conllevado a que se presenten serios problemas de sistematización e integración.
Estas no consagraciones constitucionales se consideran una omisión frente a lo que debe ser una decisión política fundamental en los Estados que se declaran Estados constitucionales y de Derecho. Bajo este contexto, el presente documento hace un análisis y propuesta comparatista de los ordenamientos jurídicos constitucionales en América Latina, caracterizando su sistema de fuentes del derecho interno, su supremacía constitucional, la existencia o no de criterios de la función jurisdiccional y las fórmulas de recepción de sistemas externos, todos los cuales se consideran como presupuestos fundamentales de un Estado democrático
Qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com câncer durante a pandemia de coronavírus
No full textThe diagnosis of cancer in childhood implies a transformation in lifestyle, which has a significant impact on multiple dimensions of the child\u27s development and well-being. This study aimed to describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children diagnosed with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was developed, in which two instruments were applied, the first one allowed to characterize the sociodemographic aspects; the second one consisted of the Kidscreen-27® instrument, validated for Colombia, which evaluates health-related quality of life in the child population. Results: A total of 20 children participated, of whom 11 (55%) were female. Ninety-five percent belonged to socioeconomic strata 1 and 2; 35% resided in rural areas, and 50% were under active treatment. When evaluating the quality of life, it was evident that all the dimensions were positively evaluated. However, in the dimension related to the school environment and peer relationships, 47.4% of the participants rated themselves as not very or moderately happy in their educational context or their interaction with their friends. Conclusions: In the face of future challenges arising from health emergencies, it is essential to adapt and strengthen support systems to comprehensively address medical and psychosocial needs, ensuring a holistic, sensitive, and equitable approach to pediatric cancer care in hospital and educational settings.El diagnóstico de cáncer en la infancia implica una transformación en el estilo de vida, que repercute significativamente en múltiples dimensiones del desarrollo y bienestar del niño. El Objetivo de este estudio fue describir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños y niñas con diagnóstico de cáncer durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal, en el cual se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el primero permitió caracterizar los aspectos sociodemográficos; el segundo consistió en el instrumento Kidscreen-27®, validado para Colombia, que evalúa la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población infantil. Resultados: Participaron un total de 20 niños, de los cuales 11 (55%) eran de sexo femenino. El 95% pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2; el 35% residía en zonas rurales, asimismo, el 50% se encontraba en tratamiento activo. Al evaluar la calidad de vida, se evidenció que todas las dimensiones fueron valoradas de manera positiva. No obstante, en la dimensión relacionada con el entorno escolar y las relaciones con los pares, un 47,4 % de los participantes se calificó como poco o moderadamente feliz en su contexto educativo o en la interacción con sus amigos. Conclusiones: Ante futuros desafíos derivados de emergencias sanitarias, es fundamental adaptar y fortalecer los sistemas de apoyo para atender integralmente las necesidades médicas y psicosociales, asegurando un enfoque holístico, sensible y equitativo en el cuidado del cáncer pediátrico en los ámbitos hospitalario y educativo.O diagnóstico de câncer na infância implica uma transformação no estilo de vida, que impacta significativamente múltiplas dimensões do desenvolvimento e bem-estar da criança. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em meninos e meninas diagnosticados com câncer durante a pandemia de COVID-19.Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal, no qual foram aplicados dois instrumentos. O primeiro permitiu a caracterização de aspectos sociodemográficos; o segundo consistiu no instrumento Kidscreen-27®, validado para a Colômbia, que avalia a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde na população infantil. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 20 crianças, das quais 11 (55%) eram do sexo feminino. 95% pertenciam aos estratos socioeconômicos 1 e 2, e 35% residiam em áreas rurais. Além disso, 50% estavam em tratamento ativo. Ao avaliar a qualidade de vida, todas as dimensões foram avaliadas positivamente. No entanto, na dimensão relacionada ao ambiente escolar e às relações com os pares, 47,4% dos participantes descreveram-se como pouco ou moderadamente felizes em seu contexto educacional ou nas interações com amigos. Conclusões:Diante de futuros desafios decorrentes de emergências sanitárias, é essencial adaptar e fortalecer os sistemas de apoio para atender de forma abrangente às necessidades médicas e psicossociais. Isso garantirá uma abordagem holística, sensível e equitativa no cuidado do câncer pediátrico, tanto em contextos hospitalares quanto educacionais
V ECIDS - Encuentro Colombiano de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Social: Resúmenes I Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Social - Otras Ingeniería Posibles
No full textTraite des personnes, Système Interaméricain, droits humains, obligations des États, perspective de genre
Full text linkHuman trafficking is a serious violation of human rights that undermines the dignity, freedom, and integrity of victims. This multi-offensive crime has been addressed by the Inter-American Human Rights System through various cases, establishing standards on the obligations of States in terms of prevention, investigation, punishment, and reparation. This article analyzes the development of these standards, with particular emphasis on the judgments of the cases "Workers of Hacienda Brasil Verde Vs. Brazil", "Ramírez Escobar et al. Vs. Guatemala", and "López Soto et al. vs. Venezuela". Based on a systematic analysis of these decisions, the key principles and obligations that should guide the state response to human trafficking are identified, such as due diligence, gender perspective, and comprehensive protection of victims. Likewise, it reflects on the challenges and opportunities for the effective application of these standards in the current context, providing concrete recommendations to strengthen the fight against this scourge from a human rights approach.Human trafficking is a serious violation of human rights that undermines the dignity, freedom, and integrity of victims. This multi-offensive crime has been addressed by the Inter-American Human Rights System through various cases, establishing standards on the obligations of States in terms of prevention, investigation, punishment, and reparation. This article analyzes the development of these standards, with particular emphasis on the judgments of the cases "Workers of Hacienda Brasil Verde Vs. Brazil", "Ramírez Escobar et al. Vs. Guatemala", and "López Soto et al. vs. Venezuela". Based on a systematic analysis of these decisions, the key principles and obligations that should guide the state response to human trafficking are identified, such as due diligence, gender perspective, and comprehensive protection of victims. Likewise, it reflects on the challenges and opportunities for the effective application of these standards in the current context, providing concrete recommendations to strengthen the fight against this scourge from a human rights approach.