Universidad Carlos III de Madrid: Revistas UC3M
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    Las prestaciones no contributivas de marcado tallaje patriarcal a debate

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    Non-contributory benefits have been and continue to be largely forgotten, even though they are part of the essence of the social security system, capable of reaching everyone. It is worth noting what Article 41 of the Spanish Constitution (hereinafter CE) prescribes: “The public authorities shall maintain a public security system for all citizens, guaranteeing assistance and sufficient social benefits in situations of need...” We can speak of non-contributory benefits in the Spanish social security system starting in the 1990s. Has this been overlooked when reformulating them?The title of the article already reveals the unfortunate reality: the majority of beneficiaries of non-contributory benefits are women. The labor market continues to place women at the center of caregiving, generating inequality in pay, benefits, and subsidies. Technological changes, primarily the emergence of artificial intelligence, may increase inequality on this scale. Most technology courses are taught by male students, which consequently means that the new virtual environment is also designed by men, with the possibility that, even unconsciously, they may be biased.Las prestaciones no contributivas, han sido y siguen siendo las grandes olvidadas cuando forman parte de la esencia del sistema de seguridad social, de poder llegar a todas las personas, así valga señalar lo que prescribe el artículo 41 de la Constitución Española (en adelante CE): “Los poderes públicos mantendrán un régimen público de seguridad para todos los ciudadanos, que garantice la asistencia y prestaciones sociales suficientes ante situaciones de necesidad…”. Se puede hablar de prestaciones no contributivas, a partir de la década de los años noventa en el sistema de seguridad social español. ¿se ha mirado para otro lado a la hora de su reformulación?El título del artículo ya pone de manifiesto la lamentable realidad: la mayor parte de las personas beneficiarias de las prestaciones no contributivas son mujeres. El mercado laboral sigue poniendo en el centro de los cuidados a la mujer, lo que genera una desigualdad tanto en retribuciones, prestaciones o subsidios. Los cambios tecnológicos, principalmente la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial puede incrementar la desigualdad en esta balanza. La mayor parte de carreras tecnológicas se estudian por alumnado masculino, lo que provoca en consecuencia que el nuevo entorno virtual también sea diseñado por hombres con la posibilidad de que, aunque sea de forma inconsciente estén sesgados

    La doctrina del vínculo y la deducibilidad fiscal de la retribución pagada al administrador social. Evolución de la jurisprudencia de la Sala Tercera sobre la cuestión

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    Directors remuneration is subject to legal requirements under Commercial Law. Whether non- compliance with these requirements can lead to the non-deductibility of the remuneration for tax purposes has been the source of a long-standing controversy, which has been especially intense in the case of directors who are also managers in the day-to-day of the companies. This work reviews the origin of this controversy, the recent judgements of the Supreme Court which seems to pacify it, and the issues that can be deemed to be still opened in the tax treatment of the remuneration paid to directors.El sometimiento de la retribución de los administradores a requisitos mercantiles y la cuestión de si su incumplimiento puede determinar la falta de deducibilidad del gasto a efectos fiscales dio origen a una larga controversia, que ha sido especialmente intensa cuando el administrador social presta servicios en el día a día de la empresa bajo una relación cuya naturaleza es mercantil como resultado de la doctrina del vínculo. En el presente trabajo revisamos el origen de la controversia, las recientes sentencias del Tribunal Supremo que parecen ponerle fin y las cuestiones que todavía quedan abiertas respecto del tratamiento fiscal de la remuneración pagada al administrador social

    Los porteadores del emperador. Movimiento y sacralidad en las procesiones imperiales

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    The object of analysis in this work are the "imperial processions," that is, the ritual parades in which, among other things, images of the reigning emperor and other members of the imperial household, both living and deceased, were displayed. Our purpose is to contribute to clarifying what the procession, and more specifically the movement of the statues of the emperors, contributed to the ideological construction of the ruler\u27s power. This article will particularly analyze the role of the "emperor’s bearers" (sebastophoroi), a new position identified in some cities of the Empire, in shaping the perception of imperial power. The movement of the statues or portraits of the emperors helped to cement the sacredness of the ruler but also, at the same time, reinforced the closeness and active intervention of the emperor in the governance of the cities of the empire. In our opinion, the figure of the sebastophoros was decisive within this process.El objeto de análisis de este trabajo son las “procesiones imperiales”, es decir, los desfiles rituales en los que paseaban, entre otras cosas, imágenes del emperador reinante y de otros miembros de la casa imperial, tanto vivos como muertos. Nuestro propósito es contribuir a aclarar qué aportaba la procesión, y más en concreto el movimiento de las estatuas de los emperadores, a la construcción ideológica del poder del gobernante. En este artículo se analizará en particular la intervención de los “porteadores del emperador” (sebastophoroi), un nuevo cargo que se rastrea en algunas ciudades del Imperio, en la percepción del poder imperial. El desplazamiento de las estatuas o retratos de los emperadores contribuyó a cimentar la sacralidad del gobernante pero también, al mismo tiempo, la cercanía y la intervención activa del emperador en el gobierno de las ciudades del imperio. En nuestra opinión, la figura del sebastophoros fue decisiva en este proceso

    Il pantheon attraverso le generazioni fra tradizione e mobilità religiosa: Un caso particolare dalla Dacia Porolissensis

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    The aim of this paper is to analyse the religious pantheon of a family in the province of Dacia. In the villa rustica at Ciumăfaia, the owner - Aelius Iulius, veteranus ex centurione - erected six votive altars dedicated exclusively to Greco-Roman deities. Another altar in the same place was dedicated by Publius Aelius Maximus, son of the veteran Aelius Iulius, to a Germanic deity worshipped by the soldiers of the troops stationed in Germania Inferior or recruited in the area. This is a family with different religious preferences. While the father preferred the classical pantheon, the son\u27s votive offerings differed from the family tradition, leading to the assumption that the familiarisation with the Germanic deities took place while he was performing militia equestris somewhere on the Rhine. The diversity of the family\u27s religious pantheon opens up a discussion on the individual destiny of the dedicators in relation to the gods worshipped, more specifically the "inherited" and "borrowed" gods, in an attempt to define, from the particular to the general, some specific aspects of provincial religion.Questo articolo si propone di analizzare il pantheon religioso di una famiglia della provincia di Dacia. Nella villa rustica di Ciumăfaia, il proprietario - Aelius Iulius, veteranus ex centurione - eresse sei altari votivi dedicati esclusivamente a divinità greco-romane. Un ulteriore altare fu dedicato nello stesso luogo da Publius Aelius Maximus, figlio del veterano Aelius Iulius, a una divinità germanica venerata in particolare dai soldati delle truppe di stanza nella Germania Inferiore o reclutati nella zona. Si tratta di una famiglia con preferenze religiose diverse. Mentre il padre prediligeva il pantheon classico, le dediche votive del figlio si discostavano dalla tradizione familiare, facendo supporre che la familiarizzazione con le divinità germaniche fosse avvenuta mentre svolgeva militia equestris da qualche parte sul Reno. La diversità del pantheon religioso della famiglia apre una discussione sul destino individuale dei dedicanti in relazione alle divinità venerate, più specificamente alle divinità “ereditate” e “prese in prestito”, nel tentativo di definire dal particolare al generale alcuni aspetti specifici della religione provinciale

    Ford, James C. (2024). Atheism at the Agora. A History of Unbelief in Ancient Greek Polytheism. London & New York: Routledge

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    North, John A. (ed.) (2023). The Religious History of the Roman Empire. The Republican Centuries. Oxford: Oxford University Press

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    Urciuoli, Emiliano R. (2024). Citifying Jesus. The Making of an Urban Religion in the Roman Empire. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck

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