Universidad Carlos III de Madrid: Revistas UC3M
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Curso de verano “La figura de Gregorio Peces-Barba: del pensamiento a la acción”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Campus de Colmenarejo, 24 y 25 de junio de 2024
No full textLa categoría como demarcación: el debate sobre personas defensoras de derechos humanos en la Unión Europea
No full textA limited yet significant aspect of the discourse surrounding the status of human rights defenders pertains to the conceptual definition of the term itself. Scholars and practitioners have argued that the absence of a universally accepted definition hinders the establishment of precise and enforceable standards for their protection. This article examines some issues in this debate in the context of the European Union’s human rights policy. From a critical perspective, the debate on the incoherence of the lack of recognition of human rights defenders within the space of the European Union is problematised and a decolonial reading of the resulting double standard in European policy on human rights defenders is proposed.Un aspecto limitado pero significativo del discurso sobre la situación de las personas defensoras de derechos humanos se refiere a la definición conceptual del término en sí. Se ha argumentado que la ausencia de una definición universalmente aceptada dificulta el establecimiento de estándares precisos y exigibles para su protección. Este artículo examina algunas cuestiones en este debate en el contexto de la política de la Unión Europea de derechos humanos. Desde una perspectiva crítica se problematiza el debate sobre la incoherencia de la falta de reconocimiento de las personas defensoras dentro del espacio de la Unión Europea y se propone una lectura decolonial del resultante doble estándar en la política europea sobre personas defensoras de derechos humanos
La enseñanza de creencias o cosmovisiones no religiosas en la escuela pública en el ordenamiento jurídico inglés
No full textThis paper studies the relatively recent phenomenon of the recognition of the teaching of non-religious beliefs or worldviews in the English education system, which has occurred in parallel to the recognition, that has also been taking place in recent decades in the legal systems of the British Isles, of the forms of marriage characteristic of these so-called belief groups or secular groups. The teaching of these worldviews has been incorporated into the English education system as part of the subject of religious education, which is compulsory in state schools, through a broad interpretation of the concept of ‘other religions’ and primarily because of the requirement to apply English law in a manner consistent with the European Convention on Human Rights, unlike in other countries such as Wales, where a separate category has been established to cover the teaching of these non-religious beliefs. This incorporation of humanism and non-religious worldviews in general into the curriculum of public schools has recently received significant judicial backing, through case law whose essential features are also studied in these pages. This paper also gives consideration to some of the consequences and derivatives that this issue presents more broadly, such as those derived from the necessary full guarantee of the principle of equality between religious and non religious beliefs, or those related to the definitional problems posed by the legal notion of religion itself or that of nonreligious worldviews.En este trabajo se estudia el fenómeno relativamente novedoso del reconocimiento de la enseñanza de las creencias o cosmovisiones no religiosas en el sistema educativo inglés, que se ha verificado en paralelo al reconocimiento que también se viene produciendo, en las últimas décadas, en los ordenamientos de las islas británicas de las formas de celebración matrimonial propias de estos llamados grupos de creencia o grupos seculares. La enseñanza de esas cosmovisiones se ha incorporado al sistema educativo inglés en el marco de la asignatura de educación religiosa, de oferta obligatoria en los colegios públicos, mediante una interpretación amplia del concepto “otras religiones” y fundamentalmente por la exigencia de interpretar la legislación de este país de manera conforme a lo establecido en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, a diferencia de lo que ha ocurrido en otros países como es el caso concretamente de Gales, allí donde se ha establecido una categoría propia prevista para dar cobertura a la enseñanza de esas creencias no religiosas. Esa incorporación al currículo de las escuelas públicas de la enseñanza especialmente del humanismo y de las cosmovisiones no religiosas en general ha recibido, en los últimos tiempos, un importante respaldo judicial, mediante una jurisprudencia cuyos rasgos esenciales también son estudiados en estas páginas. Se analizan también algunas de las consecuencias y derivadas que esta temática presenta más ampliamente, tales como las que derivan de la necesaria plena garantía del principio de igualdad entre las creencias religiosas y las que no lo son o, también, las relacionadas con los problemas definitorios que plantea en esta temática la misma noción legal de religión o la de las cosmovisiones no religiosas
Seminario “per una critica organica del discorso razzista” a cargo del Alberto Burgio, organizado por el Instituto de derechos humanos Gregorio Peces-Barba de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2 y 3 de abril de 2025.
No full textSobre expulsiones y amnistías. Notas para una historia del movimiento de profesores no numerarios (PNN) en (y desde) la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1968-1980
No full textThis article reconstructs part of the actions developed by the PNNs (non-tenured professors) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Autonomous University of Madrid, UAM) from the birth of the institution, in 1968, to the lecturers’ amnesties produced in the early 1980s. Some of the movement objectives were of a labor and corporate nature, such as improving their salaries, social security contributions or transparency in hiring processes. Others, however, were political, such as the democratization of academic life, increased investment in science, or criticism to the commercialization and privatization of higher education.Este artículo trata de reconstruir parte de las acciones desarrolladas por los PNN (profesores no numerarios) en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) en un arco temporal que arranca con el nacimiento mismo de la institución, en 1968, y se extiende hasta las amnistías y reincoporaciones que se sucedieron a principios de los años ochenta. Algunos de los objetivos del movimiento tenían un carácter laboral y corporativo, como la mejora de sus retribuciones, la cotización a la seguridad social o la transparencia en los procesos de contratación. Otros objetivos eran políticos, como la democratización de la vida académica, el incremento de la inversión en ciencia o las críticas a la mercantilización y privatización de la educación superior
Educational Quality as a Common Good
No full textLa UNESCO propone considerar a las instituciones de educación desde la perspectiva del bien común. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la calidad educativa en una institución de educación superior con base en el enfoque de bien común, para ello se analizaron las cualidades derivadas de la memoria colectiva, la relación educativa integral y la relación de investigación. En este estudio transversal se empleó un método probabilístico para obtener una muestra de 1025 miembros de la Universidad Tecnológica de Querétaro. Para este modelo se operacionalizó el concepto de bien común a través de una escala conformada por 76 ítems donde se miden las siguientes dimensiones: agencia, estabilidad, gobernanza, justicia y humanidad. La comunidad educativa delineó la manera en que ocurren los bienes comunes, describiendo así su dinámica, indicando que no existe alguna dimensión que sistemáticamente muestre una percepción colectiva baja, pero se señalan las particularidades que con las acciones o toma de decisiones podrían mejorarse.UNESCO proposes to consider educational institutions from the perspective of the common good. To this end, the qualities derived from the collective memory, the integral educational relationship and the research relationship in a higher education institution were analyzed and, with this, the educational and research quality was addressed. In this cross-sectional study, a probabilistic method was used to obtain a sample of 1025 members of the Technological University of Queretaro (UTEQ). For this model, the concept of the common good was operationalized through a scale consisting of 76 items that measure the following dimensions: agency, stability, governance, justice and humanity. The educational community delineated the way in which common goods occur, thus describing its dynamics, indicating that there is no dimension that systematically shows a low collective perception. Particularities are pointed out that could be improved through actions or decision-making
O Combate ao Greenwashing na União Europeia: A Diretiva (EU) 2024/825 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 28 de fevereiro de 2024 e o caso português
No full textIn contemporary society, issues of environmental protection are a constant concern and can challenge acquired habits, as well as the acquisition of goods and products. Thus, the consumer is called to have an active and proactive role in sustainable development, as their choices, to a certain extent, will focus on goods and services that are less harmful to the environment.It is certain that humans, as consumers, need to acquire goods and services to meet their essential needs and, in this sense, play a primordial role in the development of the economic and commercial circuit, aiming to address their deficiencies. To do so, they need true, reliable information about the products and services they intend to acquire so that they are sustainable and less harmful to the environment.However, in commercial relations between professionals and consumers, advertising practices are used by economic agents to claim that their products, goods, and services are the least harmful to the environment. This is where greenwashing comes in, which is nothing more than a false environmental claim aimed at suggesting or giving the impression, through advertising or marketing campaigns, that a certain product, good, or service has a less harmful environmental impact. But, in reality, such environmental claims are unfounded, inaccurate, incorrect, or even false.Following the European Green Deal, around the circular economy, there is a concern by the European Union in combating greenwashing practices, ecological bleaching, or eco-bleaching. In this fight, the Directive (EU) 2024/825 of the European Parliament and the Council, of February 28, 2024, emerges, aiming to combat unfair commercial practices that prevent consumers from making the most sustainable choices for the environment.Na sociedade contemporânea as questões de proteção ao meio ambiente são uma preocupação constante e que podem colocar em causa os hábitos adquiridos, bem como as aquisições de bens e produtos. Deste modo, o consumidor é chamado a ter um papel ativo e pró-ativo no desenvolvimento sustentável, pois as suas escolhas, em certa medida, vão incidir sobre bens e serviços que sejam menos lesivos do ambiente. Certo que, o ser humano, enquanto consumidor, necessita de adquirir bens e serviços para suprir as suas necessidades essenciais e nessa medida tem um papel primordial no desenvolvimento do circuito económico e comercial, no sentido de colmatar as suas carências. Para tal, necessita que tenha informações verdadeiras, fidedignas acerca dos produtos e serviços que pretende adquire no sentido que sejam sustentáveis e pouco lesivos ao meio ambiente.Todavia, nas relações comerciais, entre profissionais e consumidores, são utlizadas práticas publicitárias, pelos agentes económicos, que os seus produtos, bens e serviços são os menos lesivos para o ambiente. É aqui que surge, o greenwashing que não passa de uma falsa alegação ambiental e tem por objetivo sugerir ou dar a impressão, através de meios publicitários ou de campanhas de marketing, de um determinado produto, bem ou serviço tem um impacto ambiental menos nocivo para o ambiente, mas, no fundo, tais alegações ambientais são infundadas, imprecisas, inexatas ou até mesmo falsas.Dando seguimento ao pacto ecológico europeu, em torno da economia circular, existe uma preocupação por parte da União Europeia no combate a práticas greenwashing, branqueamento ecológico ou eco-branqueamento. Neste combate é que surge a Diretiva (EU) 2024/825 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 28 de fevereiro de 2024, que visa combater as práticas comerciais desleais que impedem os consumidores de fazer as escolhas mais sustentáveis para o meio ambiente
Incidencia de la europeización del Derecho internacional privado
No full textThis contribution focuses on the main features of the development of European Union private international law, as a crucial element undermining the significance of the national rules on applicable of the Member States. It deals with the transformation of the institutional framework, as well as the basic features of the Union’s choice of law rules, highlighting the profound transformation of the Spanish system as set out in the Preliminary Title of the Civil Code.Esta contribución se centra en el desarrollo y evolución del Derecho internacional privado de la Unión Europea, como fenómeno determinante de la erosión de las normas sobre ley aplicable de los Estados miembros. Aborda la transformación del marco competencial e institucional, así como los elementos comunes característicos de las normas de la Unión sobre Derecho aplicable, destacando la profunda transformación de nuestro sistema recogido en el Título Preliminar del Código civil
El difícil diálogo entre la jurisdicción nacional y el TJUE : el caso español de los indefinidos no fijos
No full textThe figure of the non permanent relationship of indefinite duration, which is specific to public employment, has been the subject of treatment by the CJEU on several occasions, from the regulatory perspective offered by the Framework Agreement on fixed-term work (Directive 1999/70). In 2024, a new judgment of the CJEU on the subject has provoked a reaction from the Spanish Supreme Court,which questions some of the assumptions on which the CJEU has ruled, forcing it to rethink the issue.La figura del indefinido no fijo, que es propia del empleo público, ha sido objeto de tratamiento por parte del TJUE en varias ocasiones, desde la perspectiva normativa que ofrece el Acuerdo Marco sobre el trabajo de duración determinada (Directiva 1999/70). En 2024, una nueva sentencia del TJUE sobre el tema ha provocado una reacción del Tribunal Supremo español, que cuestiona alguno de los presupuestos sobre los que se ha pronunciado el TJUE, obligándole a un replanteamiento del tema
Rapto Internacional de Crianças - Comentário ao Processo C-35/23 do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia
No full textCouncil Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility (Brussels II bis) contains the legal framework applicable to international child abduction in the European Union and complements the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. It is the application of the Brussels II bis Regulation to a situation of international child abduction that is the issue of the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (C-35/23) that is commented on, in particular, doubts in the interpretation of the rule of stability of the jurisdiction of the courts of the habitual residence of the child before the abduction, in the duties of notification and information between the courts of the States involved and in the execution of the return decision.O Regulamento n.º 2201/2003 do Conselho, de 27 de novembro de 2003, relativo à competência, ao reconhecimento e à execução de decisões em matéria matrimonial e em matéria de responsabilidade parental (Bruxelas II bis) contém o regime jurídico aplicável ao rapto internacional de crianças na União Europeia e que complementa a Convenção de Haia de 1980 sobre os Aspetos Civis do Rapto Internacional de Crianças. É a aplicação do Regulamento Bruxelas II bis a uma situação de rapto internacional de crianças que é objeto da decisão do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia (C-35/23) que nos propomos comentar, nomeadamente, dúvidas na interpretação da regra da estabilidade da competência dos tribunais da residência habitual da criança antes do rapto, nos deveres de notificação e informação entre os tribunais dos Estados envolvidos e na execução da decisão de regresso