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Los espacios de la locura en la Toscana del siglo XVIII: Estrategias y negociaciones para enfrentar la enfermedad mental
Get PDFThis study explores the different spaces where madness was recorded in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany during the eighteenth
century. Drawing from interdiction procedures, criminal records, records of the police and hospital records, it proposes an
approach to the history of madness based on a comprehensive analysis of the connections between the different spaces where
people debated about the characteristics and consequences of madness and developed strategies to deal with it. This analytical
strategy discloses that the mechanisms for dealing with madness were temporary and flexible responses that functioned as a
network that could follow different courses. The study suggests that these itineraries, its agents and languages are essential to
fully grasp how mental afflictions were conceived and managed in the eighteenth century. Particularly, it argues that the way they
functioned gave origin to a social debate about the indicators and signs of madness that contributed to the systematization of
psychiatric knowledge.Este trabajo estudia los diferentes espacios en que aparece registrada la locura en el Gran Ducado de Toscana durante el siglo XVIII. A partir de la revisión de expedientes de interdicción por incapacidad mental, archivos de justicia criminal, archivos de policía y registros hospitalarios, propone una aproximación a la historia de la locura basada en el análisis comprensivo de las vinculaciones entre las distintas instancias en que se debatió sobre sus características, se evaluaron sus consecuencias y se elaboraron estrategias para hacerle frente. Este enfoque revela que las alternativas existentes para sobrellevar la enfermedad mental funcionaban como respuestas temporales y flexibles que constituían una red de instancias que podían ser recorridas de distintas maneras. Sugiere que el estudio de estos itinerarios, sus actores y lenguajes resulta fundamental para comprender en toda su magnitud la forma en que fueron concebidas y enfrentadas las perturbaciones mentales en el siglo XVIII. En particular, sostiene que su funcionamiento dio pie a un debate social sobre los indicadores y significados de la locura que serviría de insumo para la sistematización del conocimiento psiquiátrico
O 'retrato' do hospital da Misericórdia de Vila Viçosa (Portugal) em 1870
Get PDFOur study analyzes the hospital of the Misericórdia of Vila Viçosa in the 1870, based on the description made by the
county administrator in that date. The elements given provided seek to know the institution in which is connected – the Misericórdia –, and to contribute to better administration.
Based on this source is possible to know the hospital, as well as the politic pursued by the brotherhood in regards to the health.
Its study makes known the functioning of the institution, from its spaces to the sick people, presenting a Municipal hospital of
fifths hundred traces, although tailored to the needs of the XIX century.
It also integrates the suggestions of the municipal administrator, although these are not implemented due to the lack of revenue
that the hospital was debating, which were responsible for the state of degradation in which some of its spaces were located, but
especially for the cut in hospitalization and the care of those who were cured in their homes.[pt] O nosso estudo analisa o hospital da Misericórdia de Vila Viçosa em 1870 com base na descrição elaborada pelo administrador do concelho nessa data. Os elementos fornecidos procuram conhecer a instituição a que está ligado –a Misericórdia–, e contribuir para uma melhor administração.
Com base nesta fonte é possível conhecer o hospital, bem como a política seguida pela confraria no tocante à saúde. O seu estudo dá a conhecer o funcionamento da instituição, desde os seus espaços aos doentes, apresentando um hospital Municipal de traça quinhentista, embora adaptado às necessidades do século XIX.
Integra ainda as sugestões do administrador do concelho, embora estas não sejam implementadas devido à escassez de receitas com que o hospital se debatia, as quais eram as responsáveis pelo estado de degradação em que alguns dos seus espaços se encontravam, mas sobretudo pelo corte no internamento de doentes e da assistência aos que se curavam em suas casas
Científicos e intelectuales, una nueva cultura política: José Cuatrecasas y las colecciones de flora tropical
Get PDFThis work aims to show a piece of the important role that collecting and scientific collections played in the training to become naturalist during the Silver Age of Spanish science (1900-1936). It attempts to show that the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (JAE), the main institution that promoted such a modern scientific project, aspired to create an intellectual elite with the capacity to participate in the governance of the State (a new political culture). The JAE incarnated a rationalist scientific model that opposed the ultraconservative positions, which were defenders of a Catholic science. Both of them were involved in a struggle that was not only restricted to science, but it reached all social, political and cultural aspects of national living. This article takes the biography of the botanic José Cuatrecasas as starting point and its analysis will be processed from the sociocultural History of Science and the History of Ideas.Este trabajo quiere mostrar una faceta del papel desempeñado por el coleccionismo y las colecciones científicas en la formación de los naturalistas durante la Edad de Plata de la ciencia española. El objetivo es evidenciar que la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios, principal institución que impulsó ese proyecto, aspiraba a crear intelectuales con capacidad de participar en la gobernanza del país (una nueva cultura política). La JAE encarnó un proyecto científico racionalista que se oponía a las visiones más conservadoras, defensoras de una ciencia católica, en una lucha que no se restringía a la ciencia, sino que alcanzaba lo social, lo político y lo cultural. Para ello recurrimos a la biografía del botánico José Cuatrecasas partiendo del enfoque de una historia sociocultural de la ciencia y una historia de las ideas
Nimuendajú, a Senhorita Doutora e os ‘etnógrafos berlineses’: rede de conhecimento e espaços de circulaçâo na configuraçâo da etnologia alemâ na Amazônia no início do século XX
Get PDFThe article analyses the participation of the German zoologist Emilia Snethlage (1868-1929), researcher and later director of the Goeldi Museum, in Belém, Brazil, in the network of knowledge that was established in the early 20th century in the Amazonian region, aimed at ethnological research and to the collection of indigenous artifacts, and among its best known actors were Germans Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924) and Curt Nimuendajú (1883-1945). Both are recognized for working for the indigenous peoples of Brazil and for the scientific legacy in the fields of anthropology, archaeology and linguistics. Less well-known, Snethlage had, however, decisive participation in the insertion of Nimuendajú in the scientific environment. From an extensive research on documentary sources located in Brazil and Germany, it is shown that in the first period when Nimuendajú was linked to the Goeldi Museum between 1913 and 1921, Snethlage made possible his first expeditions and scientific publications, in addition to articulating his relations with German museums and ethnologists, including the one who would become his beloved friend and interlocutor, Koch-Grünberg, in order to allow him to work as a professional collector.[pt] O artigo analisa a participação da zoóloga alemã Emília Snethlage (1868-1929), pesquisadora e depois diretora do Museu Goeldi, em Belém, Brasil, na rede de conhecimento que se estabeleceu no início do século XX na região amazônica, destinada à investigação etnológica e à coleta de artefatos indígenas, e que teve, entre seus mais conhecidos atores, os alemães Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924) e Curt Nimuendajú (1883-1945). Ambos são reconhecidos pelo trabalho em prol dos povos indígenas do Brasil e pelo legado científico nos campos da antropologia, arqueologia e linguística. Menos conhecida, Snethlage teve, entretanto, decisiva participação na inserção de Nimuendajú no meio científico. A partir de uma extensa pesquisa em fontes documentais localizadas no Brasil e na Alemanha, demonstra-se que, no primeiro período em que Nimuendajú esteve vinculado ao Museu Goeldi, entre 1913 e 1921, Snethlage viabilizou suas primeiras expedições e publicações científicas, além de articular suas relações com museus e etnólogos alemães, incluindo aquele que viria a ser seu dileto amigo e interlocutor, Koch-Grünberg, de maneira a lhe permitir trabalhar também como coletor profissional
Cinco claves preliminares para el estudio del psicoanálisis (lacaniano) en la España del segundo franquismo y la transición
Get PDFThis article identifies and proposes five key elements to be taken into account in analysing the reception and development of psychoanalysis in Spain under the later Franco regime and during the Transition: 1) the absence – or very limited presence – of psychoanalytic points of reference in psychiatric production during the 1950s and 1960s; 2) the connections between psychoanalysis, anti-psychiatry and structuralism; 3) the importance of the arrival in Spain of Oscar Masotta, and his ‘lay’ psychoanalysis, in consolidating a psychoanalytic discourse and practice outside the IPA; 4) the influence of Argentinian psychoanalysts who came to Spain following the coup d’état in their country; and 5) the importance of the Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría in disseminating and communicating psychoanalysis. These five keys group together situations and processes which have been studied to varying extents, but which it seems essential to consider as a whole in order to obtain an overall view of the process. We conclude that relations between psychiatry and psychoanalysis, the circulation of knowledge, and the socio-political and cultural context, etc. explain, among other things, the characteristics of the reception and development of a post- Freudian psychoanalysis in which the Lacanian position predominated over other approaches and schools.El presente artículo identifica y propone cinco claves a tener en cuenta para analizar la recepción y desarrollo del psicoanálisis en la España del segundo franquismo y la Transición: 1) la ausencia –o muy escasa presencia– de referencias psicoanalíticas en la producción psiquiátrica de los años cincuenta y sesenta; 2) las conexiones entre psicoanálisis, antipsiquiatría y estructuralismo; 3) la importancia de la llegada a España de Oscar Masotta, y su psicoanálisis “laico”, en la consolidación de un discurso y una práctica psicoanalítica al margen de la IPA; 4) el peso de los psicoanalistas argentinos llegados al estado español tras el golpe de estado en su país; y 5) la importancia de la Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría en difusión y trasmisión del psicoanálisis. Estas cinco claves agrupan situaciones y procesos que han sido estudiados con desigual profundidad, pero cuya consideración en conjunto parece imprescindible para obtener una visión global del proceso. Se concluye que las relaciones psiquiatría-psicoanálisis, la circulación del conocimiento, el contexto socio-político y cultural, etc., explican, entre otras cosas, las características de la recepción y desarrollo de un psicoanálisis post-freudiano en el que la orientación lacaniana tuvo preponderancia sobre otros enfoques o escuelas
Iliffe, Rob. Priest of Nature: The Religious Worlds of Isaac Newton. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, XI + 522 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-19-999535-6]
Get PDFLatorre, Guillermo; Medel, Rodrigo (Edición y estudios). Andrés Bello científico. Escritos publicados (1823-1843). Santiago, Editorial Andrés Bello, 2018, 225 páginas [978-956-11-2578-0]
Get PDFCiencia amanuense: cultura manuscrita e historia natural en la Francia moderna (c. 1660-1830)
Get PDFIf the history of science has spent the last three decades dismantling the myths of the scientific revolution and the revolution of print, as well as their happy conjunction in the early modern period, little attention has been paid to one of the shadows cast by those modernizing narratives: the unquestionable persistence of a sophisticated manuscript culture among knowledge practitioners at the time of the so-called “print culture”. I will pay attention here to some scribal practices in the work of natural history, drawing from the rich collections of the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle in Paris. I will focus on manuscript artefacts (journals, excerpts, card catalogs) and hybrid artefacts (herbaria), as well as on their function in four key gestures of the naturalist: observing, reading, classifying, archiving. Far from being a practice of secondary importance, creating and handling manuscript records was at the core of the vast enterprise of the knowledge of nature between 1660 and 1830.Si la historia de la ciencia ha pasado las últimas tres décadas desmantelando los mitos de la revolución científica y de la revolución de la imprenta, así como la feliz conjunción de ambas en la Edad Moderna, poca atención ha prestado a una de las sombras arrojadas por tales narrativas modernizadoras: la incontestable pervivencia de una sofisticada cultura manuscrita entre los practicantes del saber en tiempos de la llamada “cultura impresa”. Prestaremos aquí atención a algunas prácticas amanuenses en el trabajo de la historia natural, utilizando para ello los ricos fondos del Muséum national d’histoire naturelle en París. Nos centraremos en artefactos manuscritos (diarios, excerptas, catálogos de fichas) e híbridos (herbarios), atendiendo a su función en cuatro gestos clave de la labor del naturalista: observar, leer, clasificar, archivar. Lejos de constituir una práctica secundaria, la creación y manipulación de registros manuscritos se situaba en el corazón de la vasta empresa del conocimiento de la naturaleza entre 1660 y 1830
Lepenies, Wolf, Melancolía y sociedad, Madrid, Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 2018, trad. Enric Novella y María Luisa Vea Soriano, 254 pp. [ISBN 978-84-95287-84-7]
Get PDFMédicos en la Corte española del siglo XIX. Influencias, sociabilidad y práctica profesional
Get PDFThe article presents a first analysis about healthcare in the Spanish Court during the 19th century. Emphasis will be placed on issues such as the structure and organization of such assistance in the Palace, the court doctors from a sociological perspective and the role and potential influence of outstanding chamber doctors. Some men who, for their closeness and direct professional contact with the Monarch, could handle easily in the courtly networks of power and the social relationships in the most exclusive space of mid-19th century Madrid: the Court. In this regard, the illustratives cases of Pedro Castelló Ginestá and Tomás del Corral y Oña stand out. All this from an interdisciplinary approach under the imbrication of methodological elements from the history of medicine and the new political history.El artículo presenta un primer análisis sobre la asistencia sanitaria en la Corte española durante el siglo XIX. Se hará hincapié en cuestiones como la estructura y organización de dicha asistencia en Palacio, los médicos cortesanos desde una perspectiva de estudio sociológica y el papel y potencial influencia de destacados médicos de cámara. Hombres que, por su cercanía y contacto profesional directo con el Monarca de turno, podían manejarse con una cierta soltura en las redes de poder cortesanas y dentro de las relaciones de sociabilidad del ámbito más exclusivo del Madrid de mediados del siglo XIX: la Corte. En este sentido destacan los casos de Pedro Castelló Ginestá y Tomás del Corral y Oña. Todo ello desde un enfoque interdisciplinar bajo la imbricación de elementos metodológicos procedentes de la historia de la medicina y la nueva historia política