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Stability Test For Sorghum Mutant Lines Derived From Induced Mutations with Gamma-Ray Irradiation
Get PDFSorghum breeding program had been conducted at the Center for the Application of Isotopes and Radiation Technology, BATAN. Plant genetic variability was increased through induced mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. Through selection process in successive generations, some promising mutant lines had been identified to have good agronomic characteristics with high grain yield. These breeding lines were tested in multi location trials and information of the genotypic stability was obtained to meet the requirements for officially varietal release by the Ministry of Agriculture. A total of 11 sorghum lines and varieties consisting of 8 mutant lines derived from induced mutations (B-100, B-95, B-92, B-83, B-76, B-75, B-69 and Zh-30) and 3 control varieties (Durra, UPCA-S1 and Mandau) were included in the experiment. All materials were grown in 10 agro-ecologically different locations namely Gunungkidul, Bantul, Citayam, Garut, Lampung, Bogor, Anyer, Karawaci, Cianjur and Subang. In each location, the local adaptability test was conducted by randomized block design with 3 replications. Data of grain yield was used for evaluating genotypic stability using AMMI approach. Results revealed that sorghum mutation breeding had generated 3 mutant lines (B-100, B-76 and Zh-30) exhibiting grain yield significantly higher than the control varieties. These mutant lines were genetically stable in all locations so that they would be recommended for official release as new sorghum varieties to the Ministry of Agriculture.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 01 August 2011; Accepted: 05 August 201
Trial Production of Surgical Gloves from Irradiated Natural Rubber Latex on Factory Scale
Get PDFTrial production of surgical gloves from irradiated natural rubber latex at the PT. Laxindo Utama Serang Banten glove factory has been carried out. The variation of heating temperature and leaching time during processing were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties and the protein allergen respond of surgical gloves using ELISA method were measured. The results showed that the physical and mechanical of surgical gloves such as tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break arefound to meet the requirements of the ISO or SNI standard for surgical gloves. While the allergic response through clinical tested latex-sensitive protein allergen known as ELISA test is found to be negative
Reliability Study of the Liquid Target Chamber for 18F Production at the BATAN’s Cyclotron Facilities
Get PDFThe liquid target chamber for 18F production at the Cyclotron Division, Centre for Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals (PRR) of the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) has been analysed for its reliability in enduring high pressures and heat transfer requirements during proton beam bombardment as well as the recommended irradiation parameters for effective 18F production. The target chamber was subject to house the 18O-enriched water bombarded with high energy proton beam to produce 18F. A range of SRIM-computer simulations have also been conducted to calculate the ranges of several energetic proton beams (of up to 20 MeV) into pure water target. A study of radioactive impurities which might be produced from the proton-irradiated chamber’s materials was also included based on some references. Due to concern over the heat produced during target irradiation, a heat transfer analysis - particularly for the target’s cavity - was also included in the presented studies to obtain a brief preliminary calculation of the heating impacts prior to irradiation tests. The calculation was performed for various proton beam currents and energies of up to 30 μA and 20 MeV respectively. It was found that the chamber was reliable for production of 18F from proton irradiated-18O enriched-water target by maintaining the chamber’s pressure of up to 3.6 bar if the proton beam current was kept below 16 μA for all energies or the proton beam energy was kept to or below 10 MeV for any employed beam currents. The overall heat transfer coefficient was also found to depend on the power deposited into the water target. Received: 25 June 2010; Revised: 20 March 2011; Accepted: 08 April 201
The Importance of Magnetic Reflection Condition and Polarization Factor: Case Study of MnF2
No full textNeutron diffraction has been widely accepted as a versatile tool to investigate magnetic structure of crystalline materials, which contribute significantly to the scientific and technological advances. Starting from a general formulation of the magnetic structure factor, one can often simplify the formulation depending on the crystallographic structure and the magnetic wave propagation vector of the sample. The simplification allows magnetic moment coupling and polarization deduction without the need of the refinement process. This paper elaborates such simplification for MnF2 to provide the determination of the magnetic moment coupling and polarization direction simply based on the reflection condition and polarization factor. The determination of the magnetic structure excluding its magnitude by the reflection condition and polarization factor is much more conclusive than by any magnetic structure refinement. Furthermore, MnF2 illustrates a rare compound that has antiferromagnetic structure with zero magnetic wave propagation vector, i.e.; it has the same antiferromagnetic and crystallographic unit cell.Received:19 May 2009; Received: 30 August 2010; Accepted: 31 August 201
Responses of Soybean Mutant Lines to Aluminium under In Vitro and In Vivo Condition
Get PDFThe main limited factors of soybean plants expansion in acid soil are Aluminium (Al) toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve this problem is by using Al tolerance variety. In vitro or in vivo selections using selective media containing AlCl3 and induced callus embryonic of mutant lines are reliable methods to develop a new variety. The objectives of this research are to evaluate response of soybean genotypes against AlCl3 under in vitro and in vivo condition. Addition of 15 part per million (ppm) AlCl3 into in vitro and in vivo media severely affected plant growth. G3 soybean mutant line was identified as more tolerant than the control soybean cultivar Tanggamus. This mutant line was able to survive under more severe AlCl3 concentrations (15 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, G1 and G4 mutants were also identified as more tolerant than Tanggamus since they produced more pods and higher dry seed weigh per plant. Moreover, G4 mutant line also produced more dry seed weight per plant than Tanggamus when they were grown on soil containing high Al concentration 8.1 me/100gr = 81 ppm. Al+3. Received: 20 December 2010; Revised: 29 November 2011; Accepted: 4 December 201
Chromatogram Profiles and Cytotoxic Activity of Irradiated Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) Leaves
Get PDFGamma irradiation has been used by the industries for preservation of herbal medicine, but it has not been studied the effect of gamma irradiation on their efficacy, especially their bioactivity as anticancer substances. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of gamma irradiation on the mahkota dewa leaves which has been claimed to contain potent anticancer substances. Maceration of dried mahkota dewa leaves successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol gave crude extracts which the ethyl acetate was the most cytotoxic extract against leukemia L1210 cells with an inhibition concentration fifty (IC50) value of 10.3 µg/ml. Further separation of ethyl acetate extract by column chromatograph gave 7 fractions, and fraction 2 showed the most cytotoxic fraction exhibited the most cytotoxic extract against leukemia L1210 cells with an IC50 value of 1.9 µg/ml. Since, the fraction 2 of ethyl acetate extract was the most potent fraction, the irradiated samples were treated with the same procedure as treatment of fraction 2 from control sample. Cytotoxic activity test of fractions 2 from irradiated samples showed that the cytotoxic activity decreased depending on increasing of irradiation dose. Gamma irradiation dose up to 7.5 kGy on mahkota dewa leaves could decreased the cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 as the most cytotoxic-potential fraction against leukemia L1210 cells, but decreasing the cytotoxic activity has not exceeded the limit of the fraction declared inactive. So that the irradiation dose up to 7.5 kGy can be used for decontamination of bacteria and fungus/yeast without eliminating the cytotoxic activity. Gamma irradiation also caused changes in the thin layer chromatograph (TLC) spots and HPLC chromatograms profiles of fraction 2 which was the most cytotoxic fraction in ethyl acetate extract of mahkota dewa leaves against leukemia L1210 cells. One of the main peaks (peak 1) on HPLC chromatograms decreased with increasing the irradiation dose. In agree with the decreasing peak 1 in chromatogram of fraction 2 due to irradiation, cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 also decreased along with increasing doses of irradiation. It suggested that peak 1 is the component that contributes to the cytotoxic activity of fraction 2 in ethyl acetate extract of mahkota dewa leaves.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 06 April 2011; Accepted: 14 April 201
Piping Flexibility Analysis of the Primary Cooling System of TRIGA 2000 Bandung Reactor due to Earthquake
Get PDFEarthquakes in a nuclear installation can overload a piping system which is not flexible enough. These loads can be forces, moments and stresses working on the pipes or equipments. If the load is too large and exceed the allowable limits, the piping and equipment can be damaged and lead to overall system operation failure. The load received by piping systems can be reduced by making adequate piping flexibility, so all the loads can be transmitted homogenously throughout the pipe without load concentration at certain point. In this research the analysis of piping stress has been conducted to determine the size of loads that occured in the piping of primary cooling system of TRIGA 2000 Reactor, Bandung if an earthquake happened in the reactor site. The analysis was performed using Caesar II software-based finite element method. The ASME code B31.1 arranging the design of piping systems for power generating system (Power Piping Code) was used as reference analysis method. Modeling of piping systems was based on the cooling piping that has already been installed and the existing data reported in Safety Analysis Reports (SARs) of TRIGA 2000 reactor, Bandung. The quake considered in this analysis is the earthquake that occurred due to the Lembang fault, since it has the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor site. The analysis results showed that in the static condition for sustain and expansion loads, the stress fraction in all piping lines does not exceed the allowable limit. However, during operation moment, in dynamic condition, the primary cooling system is less flexible at sustain load, ekspansi load, and combination load and the stress fraction have reached 95,5%. Therefore a pipeline modification (rerouting) is needed to make pipe stress does not exceed the allowable stress. The pipeline modification was carried out by applied a gap of 3 mm in the X direction of the support at node 25 and eliminate the support at the node 30, also a gap of 3 mm was applied in X and Z directions of the support at the node 155. The axial force (FY) that occurred in the pump outlet nozzle (dia. 4 in.) of PriPump line have also exceeded the allowable limit that lead to the pump nozzle failure during an earthquake of Lembang fault. The modifications is necessary to be applied on the cooling system for PriPump line so the nozzle would not receive the force that exceed the allowable limits. The modification can be done by removing the support at node 105 and node 135 so the primary cooling system piping of Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor would be safe to operate during an earthquake originated from Lembang fault. Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 18 July 2011; Accepted: 20 July 201
Force Constants of Cu Crystals from Diffuse Neutron Scattering Measurement
Get PDFDiffuse neutron scattering measurement on Cu crystals was performed at 10 K and 300 K. Oscillatory forms were observed in the diffuse scattering intensities. The observed diffuse scattering intensities are analyzed by including the correlation effects among thermal displacements of atoms in the theory. Using the values of correlation effects among neighboring atoms and the values of Debye-Waller temperature parameter, force constants among first, second and third nearest neighboring atoms have been evaluated. The result of correlation effects in Cu crystals are compared to that of ionic crystal and semiconductor. The relation between correlation effects and the inter-atomic distance is not depending much on the crystal binding types. Received: 12 October 2010; Revised: 22 October 2010; Accepted: 16 December 201
The Influence of Heat Treatment Time and Temperature on the Physical Properties of Assab-Corax Steel
Get PDFX-ray diffraction experiment was carried out on commercial Assab-Corax steel sample. The polished samples are then heated to various temperature for different holding time; 200 oC for 4 hours, 300 oC for 4 hours, 400oC for 6-, 8-, 12- and 16 hours, 500 oC for 4 hours and 600 oC for 4 hours. The refinement of the diffraction intensity was carried out using the Im3m model, and the results show that the Carbon atoms are distributed among the base position in the body centered cubic unit cell at the eight-fold octahedral interstitial sites. Using the refined structural parameters, thermo-physical properties such as Debye temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion are calculated. From the results of the analysis it could be concluded that Debye temperature in Assab-Corrax steels tend to decrease with increasing heat-treatment time but tend to increase with heat treatment temperature. The coefficients of linear expansion also tend to decrease with increasing heat-treatment time and tend to increase with heat treatment temperature. Although the patterns are different, for example when the Debye temperature reaches its peak value for heat treatment time of 8 hours, the coefficient of linear expansion would reach its low point at this time. Therefore, the general finding is that both treatment-temperature and – time are influential to the physical properties of Assab-Corrax steels and x-ray diffraction methods could be utilized in elucidating these important findings
Assessment of Nugget Size of Spot Weld using Neutron Radiography
Get PDFResistance spot welding (RSW) has been widely used for many years in the fabrication of car body structures, mainly due to the cost and time considerations. The weld quality as well as the nugget size is an issue in various manufacturing and processes due to the strong link between the weld quality and safety. It has led to the development of various destructive and non-destructive tests for spot welding such as peel testing, ultrasonic inspections, digital shearography, and infrared thermography. However, such methods cannot show spot weld nugget visually and the results are very operator’s skill dependent. The present work proposes a method to visualize the nugget size of spot welds using neutron radiography. Water, oil and various concentrations of gadolinium oxide-alcohol mixture were evaluated as a contrast media to obtain the best quality of radiography. Results show that mixture of 5 g gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) in 25 ml alcohol produces the best contrast. It provides the possibility to visualize the shape and size of the nugget spot weld. Furthermore, it can discriminate between nugget and corona bond. The result of neutron radiography evaluation shows reasonable agreement with that of destructive test. Received: 13 October 2010; Revised: 25 August 2011; Accepted 26 August 201