Atom Indonesia (E-Journal)
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Conductivity and Structure of Superionic Composite (AgI)0.6(NaPO3)0.4
Get PDFSuperionic conductors are of considerable interest from both application and fundamental points of view. Superionic solid electrolytes can be used for batteries, fuel cells and sensors. We have used melt quenching to make a new superionic composite (AgI)0.6(NaPO3)0.4 which exhibits an ionic conductivity of about 2 x 10-4 S/cm at ambient temperature. The conductivity of crystalline AgI and NaPO3 glass are lower of orders of magnitude. (AgI)0.6(NaPO3)0.4 is a composite material containing both crystalline and glass phases. The paper presents the conductivity as a function of temperature measured by impedance spectroscopy and the crystal structure performed by a high resolution powder diffractometer, VEGA at the Neutron Science Laboratory (KENS), KEK, Japan
New Synthesis Method of the Mg2Ni Compound by Using Mechanical Alloying for Hydrogen Storage
Get PDFThe synthesis and characterization of Mg2Ni compound by using mechanical alloying through wet method have been performed. The Mg2Ni sample was prepared by mixing the Mg and the Ni powders in the media of toluene under argon atmosphere. The mixtures are then milled under the varied milling time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours in order to measure the growth of Mg2Ni compound. The X-ray diffraction measurement result showed that both Mg2Ni and MgNi2 crystals could grow well. From the refinement results of the X-ray diffraction pattern using Rietan analysis indicated that the fraction of Mg2Ni and MgNi2 compounds formed are 9.31% and 4.1%, 23.31% and 17.63%, 45.3% and 23.73%, 62.04% and 19.08%, 87.44% and 0.05% for the milling time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours, respectively. This result differs from that obtained from the previous research, especially for 25 hours of milling time, the fraction of Mg2Ni and MgNi2 compounds formed were only reach 51.03% and 8.86%, due to the growing of the pollutant phase like MgO. The use of toluene as the media of milling succeeded to remove the growth of the MgO compound
Conceptual Design Study of 13 MeV Proton Cyclotron
Get PDFA study to determine the conceptual design of a 13 MeV proton cyclotron for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) facility has been carried out. Based on studies on reactions of PET radioisotopes production, reaction cross-sections and some design references, a design of the proton cyclotron is proposed. The design criteria for the main components are decided using empirical and semitheoretical methods, as well as by referring to data regarding cyclotrons for PET production. The empirical method was carried out by using some data from operational experiences of BATAN cyclotron at Serpong, while the semitheoretical method was carried out by using the commonly used equations of cyclotron basic theory. The general layout of components and the main components, namely the ion source, the RF dees, the magnet, and the extractor are discussed. Based on the calculations and on the data used, the cyclotron is designed as a negative ion acceleration cyclotron with internal ion source. The designated proton energy and beam currents are 13 MeV and 50 µA. Its magnetic field is in the relativistic mode with sectors on the pole. The magnetic field intensity at the extraction radius is 12.745 kG and in the innermost radius is 12.571 kG. The magnetic poles consist of four sectors to make adequate space for components placement such as dees, ion source, extractor and beam probe. The dee angle is 430. The dee operates at 78 MHz on the fourth harmonic. A multifoil extractor is chosen to obtain an efficient operation.Received: 28 April 2011; Revised: 27 March 2012; Accepted: 30 April 201
Model Validation of Radiocaesium Transfer from Soil to Leafy Vegetables
Get PDFThe accumulation of radionuclide in plant tissues can be estimated using a mathematical model, however the applicability of the model into field experiment still needs to be evaluated. A model validation has been conducted for radiocaesium transfer from soil to two leafy vegetables generally consumed by Indonesian people, i.e. spinach and morning glory in order to validate the transfer model toward field experimental data. The vegetable plants were grown on the soil contaminated with 134CsNO3 of 19 MBq for about 70 days. As the control, vegetables plant were also grown on soil without 134CsNO3 contamination. Every 5 days, both of contaminated and un contaminated plants were sampled for 3 persons respectively. The soil media was also tested. The samples were dried by infra red lamp and then the radioactivity was counted using gamma spectrometer. Data of 134Cs radioactivity on soil and plants were substituted into mathematical equation to obtain the coeficient of transfer rate (k12). The values of k12 were then used for calculating the 134Cs radioactivity in the vegetable plants. The 134Cs radioactivity in plants obtained from mathematical model analysis was compared with the radioactivity data obtained from the experiment. Correlation of 134Cs radioactivity in vegetables plant obtained from the experiment with those obtained from model analysis was expressed as correlation coefficient, and it was obtained to be 0.90 and 0.71 for spinach and morning glory plants respectively. The values of 134Cs in plants obtained from the model analysis can be corrected using standard deviation values, namely 48.65 and 20 for spinach at 0t55 days and at 0t78 days, respectively. Whereas for morning glory the standard deviation value was 0.36. Although there are differences between 134Cs radioactivity in vegetable plants obtained from model analysis and experiment data, the model of 134Cs transfer from soil to plant can be used for analysing 134Cs radioactivity on leafy vegetable plants grown on radiocesium contaminated soil. Received: 31 March 2010; Revised: 23 April 2012; Accepted: 27 April 201
The Role of Nuclear Diplomacy
Get PDFIn the midst of nuclear countries and non-nuclear countries in the framework of non-proliferation and disarmament, Indonesia has played an important role. Indonesia has been actively involved in each activity at the international level to create a world free from nuclear weapons. This involvements needs to be maintained and increased in the years to come. As a large country, Indonesia should play a key role in the field of nuclear diplomacy. All of the efforts of nuclear diplomacy as mentioned above had a clear objective to support Indonesia’s energy program, at the institution framework as well as capacity building. Indonesia’s effort is also directed to attain appropriated international public acceptance
Effect of Heating Treatment on Synthetic Ceric Oxide as Inorganic Resin for Immobilization of Cadmium-(II)
Get PDFThe immobilization of cadmium-(II) following nuclear reaction of 114Cd (n,γ) 115Cd → 115mIn or 112Cd (p,2n) 111In is absolutely needed concerning to the quality of resulting radioisotope products and the efficiency of enriched target utilization. This presented study is based on hypothesis that heating treatment on synthetic ceric oxide resin will increase the binding capacity of Cd(II) over the resin. The aim of the presented study is to gain more experimental data supporting utilization of synthetic ceric oxide resin as separating agent in production of indium radioisotopes using enriched cadmium targets. Experiments in cold system using natural cadmium, instead of high-enriched cadmium, have been carried out, wherein a method of UV-spectrophotometry was performed for quantitative determination of Cd(II). It was found that the synthesized ceric oxide dried at 90 - 100°C was in form of hydrate compound formulated as CeO2.q H2O where q = (0.8868 ± 0.0026). The value of q descended to 0.1706 and to 0.0400 as influenced by heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively along with a change on the crystallinity of the ceric oxide from semi crystalline to purely crystalline. The binding capacity of Cd(II) on ceric oxide dried at 90 – 100°C was found to be (4.71 ± 0.08) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin and significantly increased to (11.71 ± 0.24) × 10-2 and to (14.70 ± 0.17) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin due to heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively. It can be concluded that the synthetic ceric oxide resin enable to be exploited for immobilization of Cd(II)
Application of Mutation Techniques in Sorghum Breeding for Improved Drought Tolerance
Get PDFSorghum is not native to Indonesia and has not yet as popular as other cereal crops. This crop has a big potential to be grown and cultivated owing to its wide adaptability and high productivity. Genetic variability of this crop is still low, thus, plant breeding program is required to support sorghum development in the country. The objective is to develop superior genotypes to improve sorghum production and quality, as food, animal feed or for industry. Research on sorghum improvement through induced mutations has been conducted at the Center for the Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). Durra variety was used as parental material in the breeding program. Induced mutation was made by Gamma irradiation on seed treatments. The optimal radiation dose was to be around 300-500 Gy. Through selection processes and direct screening for drought tolerance, a number of ten putative mutant lines were obtained. In dry season, the mutant lines B-68, B-72, B-95 and B-100 produced grain yield of 4.55, 4.50, 4.20 and 4.62 t/ha, respectively. These yields were significantly higher than the original parent Durra (3.50 t/ha) and the control check varieties UPCA (2.68 t/ha) and Higari (3.75 t/ha). These promising mutant lines might be of useful for further sorghum research and development in Indonesi
Quantum Estimates of Alpha Emitter Life Time
Get PDFQuantum estimates of several alpha radioactive life time have been made using the probability of quantum tunneling through the nuclear potential barrier. It is assumed that for a given nucleus with mass number A and isotopic number Z, there exists an alpha particle moving freely back and forth in the nucleus with mass and isotopic numbers A -4 and Z-2. If the probability of penetrating the nuclear potential barrier is Τ, then after N times (N=1/Τ) hitting the barrier an alpha particle is emitted. To obtain the elapsed time for emitting an alpha particle requires N times τ0, where τ0 is the time travel for alpha across the nuclear diameter, which is dependent on alpha energy. It is assumed here that this kinetic energy is the same as the emitted energy. The emitting alpha kinetic energies here are calculated by the difference of the masses of the parent and daughter nuclei and the alpha particles. They are in closed agreement with the experimental observations. While the alpha radioactive life time are not the same order of magnitudes but give the same linearity on the logarithmic scale as function of the inverse square root of energy
Characteristics of Hydroxypropyl Starch of Sorghum Mutant Line ZH-30 and its Potential use in Paper Industry
Get PDFSorghum mutant line Zh-30 is a breeding line developed at the Center for the Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, BATAN by using mutation techniques. Gamma irradiation with the dose of 300 Gy was used to induced plant genetic variability. Through selection processes in several generations, the mutant line Zh-30 was identified to have better agronomic characteristics, better grain quality and higher yield than the original variety. Research on starch quality of this mutant line was done to identify its potential use in a paper industry. Hydroxypropyl starch derivatives of this sorghum lines were prepared by varying alkalinity of the reaction mixtures using propylene oxide to reach Molar of Substitution (MS) of 0–0.180. Its pasting behavior, paste properties and application in wet end paper processing were evaluated. The optimal amount of addition of hydroxypropyl starch was 1-2 %. At this level, drainage time was lower, so that it decreased paper machine speed. At higher level, it did not improve the burst and tensile strengths but tended to decrease the tear strength of handsheets. The properties of lower pasting temperature, higher water holding capacity lower retrogradation susceptibility, increased viscosity and stability of pastes suggested that hydroxypropyl starch of sorghum ZH-30 was suitable for use in wet end paper processing. Comparing to the original starch, the hydroxypropyl starch of sorghum Zh-30 could significantly improve the strength of handsheets
Preparation and Characterization of -AgI in Superionic Composite Glasses (AgI)x(AgPO3)1-x
Get PDFThe γ-AgI phase was stabilized at room temperature in the composites glasses (AgI)x(AgPO3)1-x with x = 0.6 and 0.7 via rapid quenching of their molten mixture. The measurement of the crystal structure has been carried out using an X-ray Difractometer at the Physics Departement of Ibaraki University, Japan. The micro strain and crystal size are derived from Hall’s equation. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows some Bragg peaks that correspond to the crystalline γ-AgI. By increasing the concentration of AgI, the peak width becomes more narrow and the position shifts to the higher angle. This indicates that the crystalline size and microstrain are increasing. The increase of micro strain (η), and particle size (D) will increase the ionic mobility, thus increasing the ionic conductivity. It is concluded that solidification process on melt AgI into glass matrix AgPO3 not only decreases the micro strain and the particle size, but it also increases the ionic conductivity