Atom Indonesia (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
530 research outputs found
Sort by
The use of 32P and 15N to Estimate Fertilizer Efficiency in Oil Palm
Get PDFOil palm has become an important commodity for Indonesia reaching an area of 2.6 million ha at the end of 1998. It is mostly cultivated in highly weathered acid soil usually Ultisols and Oxisols which are known for their low fertility, concerning the major nutrients like N and P. This study most conducted to search for the most active root-zone of oil palm and applied urea fertilizer at such soils to obtain high N-efficiency. Carrier free KH232PO4 solution was used to determine the active root-zone of oil palm by applying 32P around the plant in twenty holes. After the most active root-zone have been determined, urea in one, two and three splits were respectively applied at this zone. To estimate N-fertilizer efficiency of urea labelled 15N Ammonium Sulphate was used by adding them at the same amount of 16 g 15N plant-1. This study showed that the most active root-zone was found at a 1.5 m distance from the plant-stem and at 5 cm soil depth. For urea the highest N-efficiency was obtained from applying it at two splits. The use of 32P was able to distinguish several root zones: 1.5 m – 2.5 m from the plant-stem at a 5 cm and 15 cm soil depth. Urea placed at the most active root-zone, which was at a 1.5 m distance from the plant-stem and at a 5 cm depth in one, two, and three splits respectively showed difference N-efficiency. The highest N-efficiency of urea was obtained when applying it in two splits at the most active root-zone
Fuel Cycle Services the Heart of Nuclear Energy
Get PDFFuel is essential for development whether for survival and or wealth creation purposes. In this century the utilization of fuels need to be improved although energy mix is still to be the most rational choice. The large amount utilization of un-renewable fossil has some disadvantages since its low energy content requires massive extraction, transport, and processing while emitting CO2 resulting degradation of the environment. In the mean time the advancement of nuclear science and technology has improved significantly the performance of nuclear power plant, management of radioactive waste, enhancement of proliferation resistance, and more economic competitiveness. Ever since the last decade of the last century the nuclear renaissance has taken place. This is also due to the fact that nuclear energy does not emit GHG. Although the nuclear fuel offers a virtually limitless source of economic energy, it is only so if the nuclear fuel is reprocessed and recycled. Consequently, the fuel cycle is to be even more of paramount important in the future. The infrastructure of the fuel cycle services worldwide has been adequately available. Various International Initiatives to access the fuel cycle services are also offered. However, it is required to put in place the International Arrangements to guaranty secured sustainable supply of services and its peaceful use. Relevant international co-operations are central for proceeding with the utilization of nuclear energy, while this advantageous nuclear energy utilization relies on the fuel cycle services. It is therefore concluded that the fuel cycle services are the heart of nuclear energy, and the international nuclear community should work together to maintain the availability of this nuclear fuel cycle services timely, sufficiently, and economically
The Prospect of Neutron Scattering In the 21st Century: A Powerful Tool for Materials Research
Get PDFOver the last 60 years research reactors (RRs) have played an important role in technological and socio-economical development of mankind, such as radioisotope production for medicine, industry, research and education. Neutron scattering has been widely used for research and development in materials science. The prospect of neutron scattering as a powerful tool for materials research is increasing in the 21st century. This can be seen from the investment of several new neutron sources all over the world such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in USA, the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (JPARC) in Japan, the new OPAL Reactor in Australia, and some upgrading to the existing sources at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK; Institute of Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France and Berlin Reactor, Germany. Developing countries with moderate flux research reactor have also been involved in this technique, such as India, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor in Serpong, Indonesia that also produces thermal neutron has contributed to the research and development in the Asia Pacific Region. However, the international joint research among those countries plays an important role on optimizing the results
Analysis on Non-Uniform Flow in Steam Generator During Steady State Natural Circulation Cooling
Get PDFInvestigation on non uniform flow behavior among U-tube in steam generator during natural circulation cooling has been conducted using RELAP5. The investigation is performed by modeling the steam generator into multi channel models, i.e. 9-tubes model. Two situations are implemented, high pressure and low pressure cases. Using partial model, the calculation simulates situation similar to the natural circulation test performed in LSTF. The imposed boundary conditions are flow rate, quality, pressure of the primary side, feed water temperature, steam generator liquid level, and pressure in the secondary side. Calculation result shows that simulation using model with nine tubes is capable to capture important non-uniform phenomena such as reverse flow, fill-and-dump, and stagnant vertical stratification. As a result of appropriate simulation of non uniform flow, the calculated steam generator outlet flow in the primary loop is stable as observed in the experiments. The results also clearly indicate the importance of simulation of non-uniform flow in predicting both the flow stability and heat transfer between the primary and secondary side. In addition, the history of transient plays important role on the selection of the flow distribution among tubes. © 2007 Atom Indonesia. All rights reserve
Separation of Radiocopper 64/67Cu from the Matrix of Neutron-Irradiated Natural Zinc Applicable for 64Cu Production
Get PDFRadioisotope 64Cu is a promising radiometallic-isotope for molecular-targeted-radiopharmaceuticals. Having a half-life of 12.70 hours and emitting β+-radiation (Eβ+ = 0.6531 MeV) as well as β-ray (Eβ- = 0.5787 MeV), it is widely used in the form of biomedical-substrate-radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) diagnosis and simultaneously for targeted radiotherapy of cancer. The potential needs on the availability of 64Cu-labeled pharmaceuticals for domestic nuclear medicine hospitals lead to a necessity for the local production of carrier-free 64Cu using BATAN’s G.A. Siwabessy reactor because of the technical and economical constraints in the production using BATAN’s cyclotron. The presented work is accordingly to study whether the radioisotope 64Cu can be produced and separated from the matrix of post-neutron-irradiated-natural zinc. This study is expected can be further improved and implemented in production technology of carrier-free 64Cu based on 64Zn (n,p) 64Cu nuclear reaction exploiting the fast neutron fraction among the major thermal fraction due to unavailability of fast-neutron-irradiation facility in the BATAN’s G.A. Siwabessy reactor. The solution of post-neutron-irradiated-natural zinc in 1M acetic acid was loaded into Chelex-100 cation exchanger resin column to pass out the Zn/Zn* fraction whereas the Cu* fraction which remained in the column was then eluted out from the column by using 1.5 M HCl and loaded into the second column containing Dowex-1X8 anion exchanger resin. The second column was then eluted with 0.5 M HCl. The collected eluate was expected to be zinc-free Cu* fraction. It was observed from the half-life and the γ-spectrometric analysis that radioactive copper-64Cu containing 67Cu was produced by neutron activation on the natural Zn-foil target and can be separated from the target matrix by the presented two-steps-column-chromatographic separation technique. The radioactivity measurement showed that wrapping the Zn target with cadmium foil increased the activity of radioactive copper and, thus, the Cu*/Zn*-ratio.Received: 28 June 2011; Revised: 21 February 2012; Accepted: 24 February 201
Prospect on Desalination and Other Non-Electric Applications of Nuclear Energy In Indonesia
Get PDFAs the standard of living increases globally, the need for fresh water and industrial products are also increasing; they require energy for production and hence, the demand for energy–both electric and non-electric, is also increasing. This trend also happens in Indonesia as an archipelagic country. In an effort to meet the current and future water and energy demands, Indonesia is now planning to utilize nuclear power for not only electricity but also producing fresh water through desalination process named Nuclear Desalination. Feasibility and option studies have been carried out by Indonesian National Nuclear Energy Agency, locally called Badan Tenaga Nuclear Nasional or ‘BATAN’ since 1995, and also in collaboration with Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) since 2002. The study concluded that it would be technically feasible to build desalination plants on selected sites pending further economic assessments. BATAN also has a duty to study the future Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) that can be coupled to various industrial processes. From the literature study it seems that HTGR (High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor) is the promising one because of its huge range steam temperature. Beside that study, BATAN also has (1) developed a small scale Mechanical Vapor Compression system to study and establish vital parameters that will affect system performance, water chemistry, corrosion, scaling, evaporation, condensation, and choice of materials and (2) basic research on hydrogen production through the Iodine Sulfur (IS) process
Calculation and Analysis of B/T (Burning and/or Transmutation) Rate of Minor Actinides and Plutonium Performed by Fast B/T Reactor
Get PDFCalculation and analysis of B/T (Burning and/or Transmutation) rate of MA (minor actinides) and Pu (Plutonium) has been performed in fast B/T reactor. The study was based on the assumption that the spectrum shift of neutron flux to higher side of neutron energy had a potential significance for designing the fast B/T reactor and a remarkable effect for increasing the B/T rate of MA and/or Pu. The spectrum shifts of neutron have been performed by change MOX to metallic fuel. Blending fraction of MA and or Pu in B/T fuel and the volume ratio of fuel to coolant in the reactor core were also considered. Here, the performance of fast B/T reactor was evaluated theoretically based on the calculation results of the neutronics and burn-up analysis. In this study, the B/T rate of MA and/or Pu increased by increasing the blending fraction of MA and or Pu and by changing the F/C ratio. According to the results, the total B/T rate, i.e. [B/T rate]MA + [B/T rate]Pu, could be kept nearly constant under the critical condition, if the sum of the MA and Pu inventory in the core is nearly constant. The effect of loading structure was examined for inner or outer loading of concentric geometry and for homogeneous loading. Homogeneous loading of B/T fuel was the good structure for obtaining the higher B/T rate, rather than inner or outer loadin
IAEA Safety Standards on Management Systems and Safety Culture
Get PDFThe IAEA has developed a new set of Safety Standards for applying an integrated Management System for facilities and activities. The objective of the new Safety Standards is to define requirements and provide guidance for establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving a Management System that integrates safety, health, environmental, security, quality and economic related elements to ensure that safety is properly taken into account in all the activities of an organization. With an integrated approach to management systems it is also necessary to include the aspect of culture, where the organizational culture and safety culture is seen as crucial elements of the successful implementation of this management system and the attainment of all the goals and particularly the safety goals of the organization. The IAEA has developed a set of services aimed at assisting it’s Member States in establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving an integrated management system
The Influence of Platinum Dopant on the Characteristics of SnO2Thin Film for Gas Sensor Application
Get PDFDoping of platinum on tin dioxide (SnO2) thin film for gas sensor application has been carried out using ion implantation techniques. The SnO2 thin film has been deposited using dc sputtering method at the conditions; operating pressure 5x10-2 torr, anode-cathode voltage 2.0 kV, substrate temperature 2000C and deposition time one hour. While the Pt ion implantation process were carried out at energy 60 keV and ion doses were varied. From scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, it was found that SnO2:Pt thin film which was deposited by those parameters has a fine morphology with the grain size of thin film was in order of 0.7 – 1.0 μm and thickness 4.16 μm. From crystal structure analysis using XRD it was observed that the crystal planes of SnO2:Pt were (110), (101), (200), (211), (300), and (112) . From energy dispersive X-rays analysis (EDX) coupled with SEM, it was found that the chemical composition of SnO2:Pt thin film were 66.12%-at O, 1.23 %-at Si, 0.12 %-at Pt and 32.53 %-at Sn. It was also found that the influence of platinum dopant on SnO2 thin film can reduce significantly the resistance of thin film and from response time and sensitivities measurement showed that for every dose variation for different tested gas has a different respons time and sensitivities (no a specific pattern
Assessment of Trace Element Daily Intake Based on Consumption Rate of Foodstuffs in Bandung City
Get PDFTrace elements are required by human body and have a variety role in biochemical functions mostly as catalyst for enzymatic activity in human body. Some trace elements are essential since they are inadequately or not synthesized by human body. The deficiency or excess of those essential trace element may cause disease and be deleterious to health. Since food is the primary source of essential elements for humans and it is an important source of exposure to toxic elements either, the levels of trace elements in consumed food products must be determined. The determination of trace elements content in foodstuffs widely consumed in Bandung city were conducted to assess their daily intake and contribution to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) values. Food samples were collected from traditional markets spread across five regions of the Bandung city and analyzed using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Quality control of data analysis was assessed using SRM NIST 1567a Wheat Flour and 1568a Rice Flour and gave good results with % recovery, 93.2 – 104.8%; and %CV, 3.8-11.6%. A large variability of essential trace elements concentration in all types of foods analyzed were observed. The daily intake of Cr, Co, Mn, Se and Zn were supplied enough by the diet, except for Fe which found that almost all the foods analyzed were not give a satisfying contribution to the RDA value of Fe. These result were expected could provide information of nutritional status of the society and can be a reference for government and related institution to effectively making policies and solution for public health improvement.Received: 5 December 2011; Revised: 7 April 2012; Accepted: 16 April 201