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Influenza A (H3) viral aerosol shedding in nasally inoculated and naturally infected cases
Get PDFNasally inoculated influenza cases reported milder symptoms and shed lower viral RNA load in exhaled breath aerosols (EBA) than people with classic influenza-like illness including fever, in a previous study. Whether nasally inoculated influenza is representative of mild natural influenza infection, the majority of natural infections, is unknown. Here, we extend our previous analyses to include a broader range of community-acquired influenza cases. Previously, we reported on two groups: (A) volunteers intranasally inoculated with a dose of 5.5 log10TCID50 of influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) and (B) cases with cough and sore throat plus fever or a positive rapid antigen test recruited on a college campus in the same year (2013). Here we added two additional groups from a later study: (C) cases from a 2017-2019 surveillance cohort of college dormitory residents and their contacts, and (D) cases recruited from a university health center in 2019. All cases had an influenza A(H3) infection. Using a Gesundheit-II sampler, we collected 30-minute EBA samples. Community-acquired cases from the surveillance cohort (C) shed more EBA viral RNA and were more symptomatic than the nasally inoculated cases (A) but shed less viral RNA than the natural cases that were selected for symptoms (B) in 2013, but not (D) recruited in 2019. Despite sharing a similar symptomatic profile with the 2013 selected natural cases (B), the 2019 community-acquired cases (D) recruited post-infection showed a lower fine aerosol viral RNA load. Nasal inoculation of influenza virus did not reproduce EBA viral RNA shedding or symptoms observed in mild natural infection. Circulating strains of influenza A(H3) may differ, year-to-year in the extent to which symptomatic cases shed virus into fine aerosols. New models, including possibly aerosol inoculation, are needed to study viral aerosol shedding from the human respiratory tract
Higher Order Mode Analysis in Frequency Selective Negative Curvature Fibers
No full textA novel negative curvature hollow-core fiber is numerically designed capable of filtering specific frequencies. The six-tube silica fiber strongly favors fundamental mode transmission over higher order modes despite uneven positioning of cladding elements
Higher Order Mode Analysis in Frequency Selective Negative Curvature Fibers
No full textA novel negative curvature hollow-core fiber is numerically designed capable of filtering specific frequencies. The six-tube silica fiber strongly favors fundamental mode transmission over higher order modes despite uneven positioning of cladding elements
Tailoring Strut Thicknesses for Selective THz Negative Curvature Fiber Sensors
No full textA cascaded hollow-core negative curvature fiber design is proposed for selective THz sensing. Numerical investigations suggest significant spectral shift up to 0.1 THz in relative sensitivities, enabling differentiation between analytes at certain design frequencies
Building Community Capacity to Combat the Overdose Crisis with Data
Get PDFPlymouth County is located in southeastern Massachusetts, between Boston and Cape Cod. The county has more than 500,000 residents and is made up of a diverse array of 27 communities, ranging from small affluent New England towns to urban impoverished commercial areas. Originally conceived as a post-overdose crisis response program, the Plymouth County Outreach (PCO) has expanded far beyond its initial conceptualization to become a more comprehensive countywide recovery support and harm reduction initiative
