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Pollination Across the Diel Cycle: A Global Meta-Analysis
No full textThe daily transition between day and night, known as the diel cycle, is characterised by significant shifts in environmental conditions and biological activity, both of which can affect crucial ecosystem functions like pollination. Despite over six decades of research into whether pollination varies between day and night, consensus remains elusive. We compiled the evidence of diel pollination from 135 studies with pollinator exclusion experiments involving 139 angiosperms. We used phylogenetic multi-level meta-analysis to test the influence of environmental conditions and plant functional traits on diel pollination differences. Our synthesis revealed an overall lack of difference in pollination between day and night; many plant species (90% of studied spp.) exhibit similar pollination success across the diel cycle. Diel pollination differences were partially explained by elevation: nocturnal pollination success was greater at low elevations, whereas diurnal pollination was more beneficial at higher elevations. Furthermore, floral traits related to pollinator attraction (odour, colour) and anthesis time influenced diel pollination differences. In the light of increasing anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity, as well as unique challenges for nocturnal biota, this synthesis underscores the diel complementarity of pollinators for many flowering plants and the importance of considering both nocturnal and diurnal pollinators in agricultural and conservation contexts
Using an Authentic Case Study of Generation Z Audiences as an Introduction to Critical Thinking and Information Literacies
Get PDFThis Great Ideas for Teaching in-class activity engages students in an authentic professional assignment using internet research in a limited amount of time. This task helps students evaluate internet resources along an information literacy framework. The professor’s task is to engage the students in a discussion about the challenges of web research, and help them understand how to identify and evaluate industry reports, academic databases, and journalistic research
The Impact of Parenting Behaviors on the Development of Hope in Young Children Experiencing Homelessness
Get PDFResearch in resilience science has revealed a “short-list” of protective factors that support positive development in contexts of risk and adversity (Masten, 2014). One such factor is hope, which includes agency thinking (i.e., the belief in one’s ability to accomplish their goals) and pathway thinking (i.e., the ability to produce attainable routes to those goals; Sparks, 2021; Synder, 1997). In families, parents with high levels of hope set intentional parenting goals and encourage their children to create goals as well; these parents also report better psychological functioning and increased ability to cope with parenting stressors (Cole & Molloy, 2023). Although hope has been studied in children, this research has primarily relied on child- or parent-report measures (Berkich, 1995). The current study developed a new measure of child hope using the Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) ⎯ a task in which parents talk about the kind of person their child is for five minutes. The present study had two aims: Describe the presence of child hope among preschoolers experiencing homelessness; And examine associations among parent hope, parenting behaviors, and child hope in families experiencing homelessness. The results of the study demonstrated a significant positive association between positive parenting behaviors (i.e., Problem Solving and Skill Encouragement) and Child Hope. The results also show that the measure of Parent Hope was not associated with any variable related to the study. These results demonstrate promise for the development of interventions within the parent-child dyad that may encourage hope
