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Potassium, calcium and titanium/potassium ratio from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) sediment core ICDP5045-1 obtained by XRF-core scanning
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(Figure 3) Principle component analysis on annually averaged ICP-MS/IC measurements from ice core KCC from Colle Gnifetti
No full text(Figure 5b) Number of weak and strong Sahara Dust Event proxys (pSDEs) in ice core KCC from Colle Gnifetti
No full textAn on-surface reaction confined within a porous molecular template
No full textOn-surface reactions based on metal-catalysed Ullmann coupling have been successfully employed to synthesise a wide variety of covalently coupled structures. Substrate chemistry and topology are both known to effect the progression of an on-surface reaction; offering routes to control efficiency and selectivity. Here, we detail ultra-high vacuum scanning probe microscopy experiments showing that templating a catalytically active surface, via a supramolecular template, influences the reaction pathway of an on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reaction by inhibiting one potential intermediate structure and stabilising another
Age-related differences in appetitive trace conditioning and novel object recognition procedures
No full textAppetitive trace conditioning (TC) was examined over 6 months in younger-adult (2-8 months) and middle-aged (12-18 months) male Wistar RccHan rats to test for early age-related impairment in working memory. Novel object recognition (NOR) was included as a comparison task to provide a positive control in the event that the expected impairment in TC was not demonstrated. The results showed that TC improved at both ages at the 2s but not at the 10s trace interval. There was, however, evidence for reduced improvement from one day to the next in the middle-aged cohort tested with the 2s trace conditioned stimulus. Moreover, within the 10s trace, responding progressively distributed later in the trace interval, in the younger-adult but not the middle-aged cohort. Middle-aged rats showed NOR discriminative impairment at a 24h but not at a 10 min retention interval. Object exploration was overall reduced in middle-aged rats and further reduced longitudinally. At the end of the study, assessing neurochemistry by HPLC-ED showed reduced 5-HIAA/5-HT in the dorsal striatum of the middle-aged rats and some correlations between striatal 5-HIAA/5-HT and activity parameters. Overall the results suggest that, taken in isolation, age-related impairments may be overcome by experience. This recovery in performance was seen despite the drop in activity levels in older animals, which might be expected to contribute to cognitive decline
Structural characterisation of molecular conformation and the incorporation of adatoms in an on-surface Ullmann-type reaction
No full textThe on-surface synthesis of covalently bonded materials differs from solution-phase synthesis in several respects. The transition from a three-dimensional reaction volume to quasi two-dimensional confinement, as is the case for on-surface synthesis, has the potential to facilitate alternative reaction pathways to those available in solution. Ullmann-type reactions, where the surface plays a role in the coupling of aryl-halide functionalised species, has been shown to facilitate extended one- and two-dimensional structures. Here we employ a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray standing wave (XSW) analysis to perform a chemical and structural characterisation of the Ullmann-type coupling of two iodine functionalised species on a Ag(111) surface held under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Our results allow characterisation of molecular conformations and adsorption geometries within an on-surface reaction and provide insight into the incorporation of metal adatoms within the intermediate structures of the reaction
