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Efficient Breast Cancer Dataset Analysis Based on Adaptive Classifiers
Full text linkMany algorithms have been used to diagnose diseases, with some demonstrating good performance while others have not met expectations. Making correct decisions with the minimal possible errors is of the highest priority when diagnosing diseases. Breast cancer, being a prevalent and widespread disease, emphasizes the importance of early detection. Accurate decision-making regarding breast cancer is crucial for early treatment and achieving favorable outcomes. The percentage split evaluation approach was employed, comparing performance metrics such as precision, recall, and f1-score. Kernel Naïve Bayes achieved 100% precision in the percentage split method for breast cancer, while the Coarse Gaussian support vector machines achieved 97.2% precision in classifying breast cancer in 4-fold cross-validation
Male Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Their Clinical Practice in Maternity Hospital at Sulaymaniyah Polytechnic University and University of Sulaymaniyah Colleges of Nursing
Full text linkBackground: The field of nursing remains dominated by women in many countries. Males joining the nursing and midwifery fields are becoming more numerous, and with that comes more problems during training. It is crucial to comprehend the experiences and difficulties faced by male nursing students during their nursing education, as these obstacles differ depending on the culture. Aims: The objectives of the study are to explore the perceptions of male nursing students at Sulaimani Polytechnic University and University of Sulaimani Colleges of Nursing about their clinical maternity hospital. Materials and Methods: A quantitative-descriptive design has been carried out in Sulaimani city. A non-probability, convenience sample size of (100) students was included in this study over a period of 1 month. Through an extensive review of relevant literature, a questionnaire was designed for data collection. Results: The results confirmed that male nursing students generally feel more comfortable performing procedures that do not involve exposure to private parts compared to those that do involve such exposure. The association between age groups, marital status, Residency College, and comfort level is not significant (P > 0.05). While, the P = 0.045, indicating that the association between class and comfort level is significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicated that while the participants regarded the maternity clinical practice to be difficult, they did not show any interest in doing the maternity course. It was believed that male nursing students’ experiences with maternity clinical practice would be enhanced by acceptance and more specialized training in the clinical setting
Effects of Nano Silver and Indole Butyric Acid Application on Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics on Hardwood Cutting of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
Full text linkNanosilver (NS) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) can improve cutting performance and subsequent growth. This study was performed in Taqtaq city in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of NS (30, 60, and 90 mg/L) and IBA (50, 100, and 200 mg/L) in addition to distilled water as a control on growth and some characteristics of hardwood cutting of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Application of IBA enhanced significantly buds sprouting, where the cutting treated with 50 mg/L IBA sprouted after 35.53 days. IBA at 200 mg/L increased plant leaf area significantly to 204.11 dm2 in comparison to the control cuttings (122.00 dm2). Furthermore, IBA at 50 and 200 mg/L increased the number of leaves to 194.66 and 193.00 leaves/plant, compared to control cuttings (158 leaves/plant). The lowest peroxidase activity (902.00 and 903.30 absorbing units/ g fresh leaves) was observed in the cuttings soaked in 30 and 60 mg/L NS, respectively. Both NS and IBA had a significant effect on macro and microelements in the shoot except Mg and Fe. The shoot content of elements was different in response to NS and IBA applications, whereas the high level of IBA decreased significantly K content (25.80 %) it increased significantly the shoot content of Zn (0.22%). However the lowest concentration of NS (30 mg/L) decreased significantly the Cu content (0.02 %) and increased significantly the shoot content of Mn (0.58%). Root response to NS and IBA also was different, where 90 mg/L NS increased significantly each of K (26.40%) and Zn content (0.68 %), whereas it decreased significantly the root content of Fe (8.78%). The enhancement effects of IBA were more than that of NS on most studied characteristics
Investigating the Influence of Environmental Factors on Corrosion in Pipelines Using Geospatial Modeling
Full text linkThis study integrated geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology to identify areas around pipelines that are more susceptible to corrosion having the Kurdistan pipeline as a case study. Geospatial data are used to target factors such as rainfall, temperature, rivers, and minerals which increase the corrosion rate. Spatial data such as, the direction of slope, rainfall, proximity to rivers, and minerals, were collected and analyzed; maps were created for every individual factor to visualize their distribution. By overlaying these maps, regions that are at higher risk of corrosion were identified, which can be prioritized for further investigation or preventive measures. This paper’s findings are significant for oil and gas industries, including pipeline operators and designers as corrosion can lead to devastating consequences. The novelty of this study is to identify areas along the pipeline at higher risk of corrosion through the application of geospatial information systems and remote sensing. This methodology holds immense potential for industries looking to proactively prevent corrosion through the implementation of preventative maintenance, monitoring programs, and the application of protective coatings and inhibitors. The results of this research demonstrate that environmental data, GIS, and remote sensing can predict corrosion in oil pipelines, offering valuable insights for better managing corrosion risk
The Social Support Perceived by Patients with Schizophrenia at Ali-Kamal Center in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan of Iraq
Full text linkBackground: Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder marked by a diverse range of symptoms. Patients’ perception of social support affects the progress of schizophrenia. Aim: This study aimed mainly to assess social support perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The present study quantitative- descriptive study on a convenience sample of 100 patients experiencing schizophrenia recruited from the outpatient psychiatric clinic of Ali-kamal Center in Sulaiamani City/Iarq. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used which includes sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and a multidimensional of perceived social support scale. The interview method was employed to collect the data. Results: Low social support was perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Gender P = 0.05; economic status,P = 0.04; and educational level P = 0.01 were statistically significantly associated with low social support among the sample. Conclusion and Recommendation: The role of social support emphasized by schizophrenic patients and the essential need for treatment that includes psychological treatment is also addressed to improve prognosis; moreover, additional studies are needed about the effect of social support on schizophrenic patients
Combining Antibodies, COVID-19, and Neuroscience: Review Study
Full text linkEmphasis on neuroscience, this research examines antibodies in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). We used neuroscience as a foundational field to begin our investigation. On February 10, 2024, this search was conducted using the ScienceDirect database. 552,211 papers with the keyword “neuroscience” were found. Next, we found 309,196 papers using the COVID-19 keyword and 106,473 publications using the antibodies keyword. Furthermore, we got 9039 papers by combining COVID-19 and neuroscience, and 3576 publications by combining antibodies and COVID-19. Last but not least, the investigation will concentrate on the 243 papers; we acquired by integrating antibodies, COVID-19, and neuroscience. Two hundred and forty-three publications make it through many filtering stages, ultimately yielding 41 publications
Blood storage impacts on the hematological indices of healthy subjects and patients with iron-deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia – A comparative study
Full text linkBackground: There are scientific evidence confirmed specific changes in blood cell counts, reducing the efficacy and feasibly the safeness of blood transmission when storing blood at 4°C for 5 weeks or more.Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effects of stored blood obtained from healthy subjects and patients with anemia due to iron deficiency and beta-thalassemia, on hematological indices.Materials and Methods: A total of 37 participants, consisting of 14 healthy subjects, 13 patients with iron-deficiency anemia, and 10 patients with beta-thalassemia minor, were recruited from Hiwa Hospital between November 2021 and July 2022. Blood samples were obtained from the participants and stored at 4°C for 5 weeks. Hematological indices, including red cell distribution, platelet distribution width, and mean platelet volume, were determined using a hematology analyzer at weekly intervals.Results: Blood storage caused significantly increased mean values of hematological indices among healthy subjects as well as among patients with iron-deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia, although the pattern of changes was differed.Conclusions: The storage of whole blood significantly increased hematological indices, showing variations in both healthy subjects and patients with iron-deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia. The pattern of raise in these hematological indices is specific to iron-deficiency anemia and thalassemia when compared with healthy subjects
Iraqi Kurd or Arab Male Authenticity Detection Based on Facial Feature
Full text linkAs an inherent human characteristic, ethnicity plays a fundamental and critical role in biometric identification. On the other hand, the human face is the core of man’s identity, and facts such as age and race are often extrapolated automatically from the face. The objective is to utilize computer technologies to identify and categorize ethnic groups based on facial features. Convolutional neural networks (CNN), which can automatically identify underlying patterns from data, excel at learning image features and have shown state-of-the-art performance in several visual recognition challenges, such as ethnicity detection. Although the automated classification of traits such as age, gender, and ethnicity is a well-researched topic, Iraqi ethnic groupings have not yet been addressed. This study seeks to tackle the challenge of predicting the ethnicity of Iraqi male individuals based on their facial traits for the two largest ethnic groups, the Arabs, and the Kurds. Male Iraqi Kurds and Arabs were each represented by 260 image samples. The dataset underwent a diverse array of preprocessing and data enhancement techniques, including image resizing, isolation, gamma correction, and contrast stretching. Moreover, to augment the dataset and expand its diversity, various techniques such as brightness adjustment, rotation, horizontal flip, and grayscale augmentations were systematically applied, effectively increasing the overall number of images, and enriching the dataset for improved model performance. Face images of Kurds and Arabs were classified using the Faster region-based CNN (RCNN) approach of deep learning. Due to insufficient data in the dataset, we propose employing transfer learning to extract features using several pre-trained models. Specifically, we examined EfficientNetB4, ResNet-50, SqueezeNet, VGG16, and MobileNetV2, resulting in accuracies of 96.73%, 94.91%, 93.39%, 92.48%, and 90.32%, accompanied by corresponding precision values of 0.86, 0.81, 0.80, 0.70, and 0.69, respectively. It is essential to emphasize that the following inference speeds – VGG16 (4.5 ms), ResNet-50 (4.6 ms), SqueezeNet (3.8 ms), MobileNetV2 (3.7 ms), and EfficientNet-B4 (16 ms) – represent the computing times needed for each backbone. Moreover, to achieve a harmonious trade-off between precision and the time required for inference, we chose ResNet-50 as the foundational framework for our model aimed at classifying ethnicity. The study also acknowledges limitations such as the availability and diversity of the dataset. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, it provides valuable perspectives on the automated prediction of Iraqi male ethnicity through facial features, presenting potential applications in various domains. The findings contribute to the broader conversation surrounding biometric identification and ethnic categorization, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and heightened awareness of the inherent limitations associated with such studies
Assessment of Acute Respiratory Infection and Common Medication Use in Children below Five Years in Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Full text linkIn children under 5 years of age, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, potentially leading to severe outcomes such as hearing loss and developmental delays. This study aims to assess the prevalence of frequent medication use and identify epidemiological risk factors associated with ARIs in this age group. The research was conducted at Dr. Jamal Pediatric Hospital in Sulaimani city, employing a cross-sectional descriptive approach that included a sample of 42 patients, from June 11th to July 1st, 2024. Data collection involved interviewing mothers and reviewing their children’s medical records. The findings indicated that 45.2% of the children were under 1-year-old, 52.3% resided in metropolitan areas, and 66.7% were male. Notably, 47.6% of the children had received only partial vaccinations, 42.8% consumed bottle milk, and 66.7% experienced recurring illnesses. The majority of illnesses lasted between 1 and 5 days (83.3%). The medications administered included amoxicillin (26.2%), acetaminophen (54.8%), ventolin nebulizer (52.4%), dexamethasone (88%), and antihistamines (4.8%). Regarding parental education, 40.4% of mothers were illiterate, and 76.1% were unemployed. In contrast, 42.9% of fathers had completed elementary school. In addition, 73.9% of families reported insufficient financial resources. Smoking prevalence was high among fathers (71.4%) and lower among mothers (26.1%). Moreover, 12% of fathers had previously smoked, and 28.5% of mothers had been exposed to secondhand smoke. The majority of families (52.3%) were nuclear, with 66.7% consisting of three or more members. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24. The study concluded that significant risk factors for ARIs include male gender, incomplete immunization, exposure to smoking, low parental education and economic status, and inadequate diet. Public health initiatives should focus on improving nutrition, educating parents, reducing smoking exposure, and ensuring complete immunization to effectively decrease the prevalence of ARIs
Assessment of Female Patients Burden undergoing Hemodialysis at Shar Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah City
Full text linkBackground: Hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney failure end-stage renal disease (ESRD) will encounter various pressures, functional limitations, dietary restrictions, pharmaceutical side effects, workplace challenges, as well as social and dynamic changes. Health problems and a lower quality of life, in general, can arise from the roles that gender stereotypes and sex discrimination impose. Within this research, we sought to determine the burden of female hemodialysis patients in Sulaymaniyah City and to examine the impact of several sociodemographic parameters on this burden. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design, a convenient selection of 53 female patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis was comprised. The study was carried out at the Shar Teaching Hospital’s dialysis department in Sulaymaniyah City. Results: The study participants’ mean age was determined to be 55.8 ± 14.6 years, with the majority (41.0%), falling between the age range of 41 and 80 years. 100% of the research sample reported feeling fatigued. The results indicate that there were significant associations found between age groups (P = 0.030), level of education, marital status, and the assessment of female patients’ burden of undergoing hemodialysis. The majority of participants (41.5%) had low assessments of female patients’ burden. Conclusion: Most of the instances involved illiterate housewives who had been on hemodialysis for longer than 10 years. Most research samples exhibited lower energy levels, and almost all patients complained of being fatigued. The assessment of the burden of female patients receiving hemodialysis showed positive correlations with age groups, educational attainment, and marital status. Otherwise, no correlation was observed between the patients’ work, place of residence, length of hemodialysis treatment, and the overall estimate of the burden experienced by female patients