Redfame Publishing: E-Journals
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When Climate Risks Meet Equity Markets: Evidence from Return and Volatility Spillovers
Get PDFClimate change presents significant risks to the global economy and financial markets through both physical and transition channels. This study examines the transmission of climate-related risks, measured by two news-based indicators—the Physical Risk Index (PRI) and the Transition Risk Index (TRI)—to equity markets. Using the Diebold–Yilmaz and Baruník–Křehlík connectedness frameworks, we analyze three representative equity benchmarks: the S&P 500 (SP500), the iShares ESG MSCI KLD 400 Index (DSI), and the iShares Global Clean Energy Index (ICLN). The empirical results show three main findings. First, both the PRI and TRI have relatively weak spillover effects on equity markets but display strong mutual interactions, indicating interdependence between physical and transition risk dimensions. Second, return spillovers are more prominent in the short term, while volatility spillovers dominate over longer horizons, reflecting structural asymmetry in risk transmission. Third, major global shocks—including the 2011 Libyan conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, and U.S. tariff shocks in 2018 and 2025—increase both return and volatility spillovers. Overall, the findings indicate that volatility is the primary channel for long-term transmission of climate-related uncertainty. Climate-related news, although not yet fully integrated into equity market dynamics, is increasingly relevant for financial stability and the broader energy transition. Therefore, incorporating climate risk considerations into financial market analysis and policy design is necessary
Exploring the Use of TikTok Application in Enhancing the Skill of Pronunciation: A Case on Students’ Perception
Get PDFOver the past few years, technology has had a significant influence on the teaching and learning process. The appearance of several types of new technologies has benefitted some improvements in teaching language to students, of which one is a popular social media platform. This study focused on the exploration of the students’ perceptions towards the use of this platform for pronunciation improvement in language classes. A total of 32 students from Grade VIII SMP Cinta Rakyat 3 Pematangsiantar were selected to be the participants. Overall, the participating students were highly accepting of its use in teaching and learning, particularly for pronunciation skills. They had a positive perception of the platform as it was seen as an approachable and user-friendly tool that is effective in contributing to the students’ English language learning and in enhancing students’ pronunciation abilities. This study’s result will be able to be extended in future empirical research using TikTok in pronunciation since it was a theoretical investigation of TikTok only. Next, researchers should execute an empirical study to further investigate any possible impact of using TikTok on students’ speaking skills, including investigating productive skills in pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, grammar, and discourse markers
The Transformative Power of Mindset in Africa’s Development: A Collaborative Governance Model for Ghana
Get PDFThis study explores the role of mindset transformation in Ghana’s development, arguing that shifting from an individualistic "I" mentality to a collective "We" mindset is key to overcoming governance inefficiencies. Despite its stable political environment and natural wealth, Ghana struggles with systemic issues such as corruption, weak institutions, and inefficiencies in public services. These challenges stem from societal attitudes that prioritize personal gain over collective well-being.To address this issue, the paper introduces the Collaborative Governance and Accountability Model (CGAM), a framework linking mindset transformation with governance effectiveness. It also presents the Governance Quality (GQ) Metric, which assesses governance performance through Engagement (E), Accountability (A), and Transparency (T). Unlike traditional governance models focused solely on institutional reforms, this study emphasizes the psychosocial and cultural dimensions of governance.Using a mixed-method approach, including qualitative surveys and in-depth interviews, the research demonstrates how fostering a collective mindset can reduce corruption, enhance institutional efficiency, and increase civic participation. The CGAM framework serves as both a theoretical foundation and a practical policy tool for governance improvements.The findings contribute to governance studies by establishing a direct link between mindset transformation and governance effectiveness. The study ensures consistency in the application of the GQ metric throughout the analysis, integrating it into all governance discussions and visual representations. While focused on Ghana, the CGAM model offers a replicable framework for nations facing similar governance challenges
Net Reverse Transfers from Latin America and The Caribbean: A Critical Note
Get PDFThis paper investigates whether the surge in private capital inflows Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has experienced in recent decades has also been accompanied by a significant outflow of profits and interest payments to foreign companies and their respective governments. It documents that there has been a massive reverse transfer of resources from the region to the developed countries of the world, particularly during the 2015-2023 period. The amounts transferred are not only large in absolute terms, but also relative to regional gross domestic product (GDP) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) for several countries of the region, including Chile and Mexico. This represents foregone opportunities for domestic investment in physical and human capital and may further undermine the already strained capacity of the region to generate future income and employment opportunities for its growing population. It is beyond the scope of this short paper to address the important question of whether the financial and technological (managerial) knowhow foreign capital ostensibly brings to the region is enough to offset the negative effects emanating from the unprecedented reverse transfer of resources in recent decades. The paper is organized as follows. The first section focuses on the surge in Net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) during the 1990-2022 period. This is followed by a discussion of the unprecedented reverse transfers the region experienced during the period, particularly 2015-2023. The third section presents results for a labor productivity growth (error correction) equation for Mexico during the 1970-2020 period and the estimates suggest that, once remittances of profits are deducted, the impact of the growth rate in the net foreign capital stock per worker on labor productivity growth is diminished significantly, ceteris paribus. The last section is the conclusion
Toward an Accessible Media Technology for the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Get PDFMedia technologies have become an integral aspect of everyday life, and their accessibility is equally crucial for individuals with disabilities. Media technologies have the potential to significantly enhance access to information for people with disabilities by addressing their diverse needs. Given that individuals with disabilities encounter various physical barriers, they require multiple accessibility features to effectively engage with and comprehend media content. This study examines the challenges and inaccessibility of media technologies in disseminating essential information, focusing on individuals with disabilities in the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh as a case study. The Rohingya refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, hosts approximately one million stateless refugees who depend entirely on humanitarian aid. To facilitate crisis response, the Shongjog platform was created, with BBC Media Action producing media resources such as videos, audio dramas, and posters. However, these materials lack accessibility features, failing to effectively serve refugees with disabilities. This study critically examines the underlying assumptions and ableist logic embedded in the media resources and tools available on the Shongjog platform. By analyzing the technological tools developed by BBC Media Action, we argue that people with disabilities are systematically excluded and marginalized, even within humanitarian aid frameworks designed for inclusivity. More specifically, we contend that biometric registration, promoted as a humanitarian technological solution, functions as a disabling mechanism that restricts access to essential services and broader opportunities for refugees with disabilities. Through this analysis, the paper highlights the intersection of humanitarian aid, technology, and disability, calling for a more inclusive approach to crisis communication and refugee support
An Analysis of Engagement Resources of Donald Trump's 2024 Presidential Re-election Announcement Speech
Get PDFThis study analyzes Donald Trump’s use of Engagement resources in his 2024 re-election announcement speech through the lens of Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal Theory. Using descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative methods, the study identifies 466 Heteroglossic instances (61.5%) compared to 300 Monoglossic ones (38.5%), indicating Trump's preference for dialogic engagement. Within Heteroglossia, he strategically employs 241 instances of Contract-mainly Deny (33.0%) and Counter (12.2%)-to reject or counter alternative perspectives. Additionally, he uses 225 instances of Expand, particularly Entertain (35.5%) and Acknowledge (12.9%) to show openness to other viewpoints. Notably, no instances of Distance were found. Proclaim resources, such as Concur, Pronounce, and Endorse, are selectively used to assert authority and reinforce his stance. His rhetorical strategy balances limiting and expanding dialogic space to demonstrate a nuanced persuasive approach. The study offers insights into campaign rhetoric and its applications in teaching and learning English, particularly in enhancing critical language awareness, persuasive skills, debate abilities, and media analysis
The Money Runs Out: Media Commodification by the Government during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study analyzes the relationship between Indonesian television media and the government during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on four television stations namely iNews, Metro TV, TV One, and Trans 7. Informants in this study include members of the Indonesian Journalists Association (AJI), editors-in-chief, and government officials. Using a political economy of media perspective, this study explores how collaboration between media and government affects journalists' independence in presenting news related to the pandemic. Through the concepts of commodification, this study evaluates the involvement of media, audiences, and media workers in the political and economic dynamics that occurred during the global health crisis. This study found that the collaboration that occurred between media and government during the pandemic limited the media's independence, especially in terms of the commodification of content, audience, and workers, turning collaboration into co-optation. The media faced challenges in maintaining editorial autonomy, while commercial demands and government interests often influenced the narratives conveyed to the audience. The results of this study concluded that although the media continued to play a role as a channel for public information, there were limitations in presenting narratives with critical nuances during the pandemic, which were influenced by economic and political pressures
Impact of Social Networks on the Purchasing Decisions and Behavior of University Students: A Quantitative Study in an Emerging Context
Get PDFIn a world where social networks transform consumption, this study analyzes their impact on consumer behavior and online purchasing decisions of university students in the emerging context of the Amazon region, Peru. The objective of this research was to determine how platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook influence this group, considering the increasing digitalization and the limitations of local physical commerce, for this, a descriptive quantitative approach was used, surveying 337 students of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza in February 2025 through a structured questionnaire. Results show that 80% of students perceive social networks as essential in their purchasing decisions, with reviews, recommendations and price as key factors, reflecting trust and economic sensitivity, with WhatsApp standing out in social interaction, while Instagram predominates in commercial promotion, evidencing differentiated roles, given the relevant influence on young people. In conclusion, social networks not only facilitate purchases, but also compensate for structural deficiencies, providing a unique vision from an emerging Latin American context. This finding guides digital strategies and enriches the understanding of youth consumption in similar environments
Effectiveness of AI-Driven Public Relations Strategies in Advancing Sustainable Development Initiatives: “A Case Study of Leading Organizations in the United Arab Emirates”
Get PDFThe study investigated the level of implementation of “AI-powered public relations strategies” and determined the reality of sustainable development initiatives in the UAE leading organizations. It sought to verify the effect of AI-powered public relations strategies on promoting sustainable development initiatives. The study was based on the descriptive approach. A questionnaire was distributed to 230 workers chosen from leading organizations in the United Arab Emirates. The results revealed that using AI-driven public relations strategies and adopting sustainable development initiatives yielded high response scores. In addition, “AI-powered public relations strategies” had a statistically significant impact on promoting sustainable development initiatives. The study recommended providing public relations professionals with training courses on artificial intelligence methods that maximize the success of sustainable projects. In addition, it is recommended to use AI to assess audience trends, which contributes to uncovering sustainability-related issues, identifying business prospects, and guiding quality communication plans
Investigative Journalism and Uncovering Corruption in the Iraqi Government: Strategies for Development and Support
Get PDFThis study addresses the exercise of investigative reporting to expose government corruption against the backdrop of a volatile Iraqi environment, observing the challenges facing journalists whose vocation and freedom of expression come under ever greater political attack from abroad. Although media pluralism has been increasing in Iraq, organizational capacity shortcomings, workplace safety, and freedom protection for reporters discourage participation levels in investigative reporting. By the use of a mixed-methods design, this research quantifies Iraqi journalists' perceptions concerning the role of investigative reporting in the prevention of corruption, the issues that they face, and areas where they should be improved. From the findings, high perception of the role of investigative reporting in national security and public interest was reported with the identification of significant issues such as interference from government and inadequate resources. The article concludes with recommendations for creating an enabling environment for investigative reporting, including increased training, legal protection, and public campaigns to enable journalists to pursue accountability and truth in Iraq