International Archives of Medicine (E-Journal)
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Comparing the Diagnostic Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome in Schoolchildren: Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFTitle: Comparing the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.
Introduction: The Metabolic Syndrome has been highlighted by being the result of the meeting of several cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is still no consensus for the determination of MS in children and adolescents, since the diagnostic criteria and its cut-off points considered at risk are not established and, depending on the criteria used, the prevalence of MS found in the literature may vary.
Objective: To compare the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome in adolescents in the private school system.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 325 adolescents from private schools in the urban area of a city in northeastern Brazil. The analysis was performed through the descriptive statistics, and the verification of the agreement between the results was given by the calculation of the Kappa index. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (opinion 352.372).
Results: In only 7 adolescents, the diagnosis was like the three definitions of metabolic syndrome. Regarding the number of components of metabolic syndrome, a large percentage of adolescents presented 02 or more altered parameters. Regarding the comparison of the diagnostic criteria, the criteria established by De Ferranti presented a higher positive proportion for the syndrome.
Conclusion: There were differences between the proportions obtained through the three diagnostic criteria, which may impair the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents
Analysis Of Adhesion And Self-Care In Patients Submitted To Lung Transplant In Outpatient Clinic Follow-Up
Get PDFIntroduction: The lung transplant is the only option of survival of the patient affected by a deadly lung disease. The outpatient clinic follow-up requires the patient discipline and responsibility in the face of complex care suggested by the multidisciplinary team.
Objectives: Meet aspects related to adhesion to treatment and self-care of patients submitted to the lung transplant, accompanied, in outpatients, in a referral hospital in Fortaleza-Ceará-Brazil.
Methods: Exploratory research with qualitative approach, in a referral hospital in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in Fortaleza-Ceará, in the period September 2015 to January 2016. 10 patients transplanted lung were interviewed, after approval by the ethics committee of this institution. The Organization and analysis of the data was backed up on phenomenological and theoretical saturation used to meet the significant units.
Results: It was noticed the strong bond established by patients and professionals of the team that accompanies them. That bond is characterized by a relationship of trust between patient and professional, stimulating attendance and adhesion of the transplanted in outpatient visits. Outpatient consultations in lung transplant marked commitment, the accuracy of both periodical transplanted as part of some professional multidisciplinary team. On the other hand, it was observed the lack of autonomy of some categories.
Conclusion: The treatment is complex and requires a commitment of both transplanted and the professionals who make up the lung transplant team. There was the patient's commitment in to adhere to consultations and interest in following the guidance of care. Is necessary joint participation and integral of all categories, in order to promote multiple interventions and educational practices in the singular therapeutic plan of transplanted
Leprosy: The Present Of A Disease From The Past
Get PDFIntroduction: Leprosy is one of the oldest and most stigmatizing diseases to affect mankind and is still considered a public health problem in many developing countries.
Objective: To analyze how the social representations of leprosy patients are structured.
Method: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the social consequences of leprosy affect people carrying the disease. A multi-method approach was used, based on the Theory of Social Representations. A total of 100 subjects participated in this study (50 males and 50 females). Data were analyzed using the following software: SPSS (to assess social, economic, and clinical aspects, EVOC, SIMI, and AVRIL (to integrate the structure of social consequences).
Results: The central core for women was “family”. In the similitude test, this word was associated with “exclusion”. For men, the central core was composed of “family”, “work”, and “treatment”.
Conclusions: The healthcare model must strive to take into account the day-to-day concerns of leprosy patients, with a view towards greater consideration of gender differences and the development of a more humanized care system based on full assistance in order to control this disease
Intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective: To assess the potential benefit of treating patients with acute ischemic stroke using intra-arterial methods.
Methods: A meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials that compared standard therapy with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA) for thrombolysis to intra-arterial therapies in patients with acute stroke was performed. All studies reported were analyzed as one group and studies documenting patients with large vessel obstruction were analyzed as a second group. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and the odds ratio (OR) of the dichotomized outcomes of Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of these trials was calculated.
Results: Nine trials were identified with 2,711 patients treated. Meta-analysis of all studies, with and without large vessel obstruction documented, showed a significant benefit with intra-arterial therapy (SMD: 0.22 + 0.041; P=0.003). The dichotomized outcomes of mRS of these trials showed significant improvement (OR: 1.66 -2.43 in four of the five treatment arm groups examined). Meta-analysis of all publications with large vessel obstruction documented as an entry criteria showed a greater significant benefit with intra-arterial therapy (SMD: 0.35 + 0.05; P<0.001). The dichotomized outcomes of mRS of these trials showed significant improvement (OR: 1.36 -2.38 in all five treatment arm groups examined). Some heterogeneity was observed between studies.
Conclusion: Treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke was associated with improved outcomes as measured by mRS. Patient selection, standard treatment, and study treatment factors contributed to the statistical evaluation of inter study heterogeneity and may have contributed to different study outcomes
Social Representations on ethical and bioethic aspects in research
Get PDFObjective: the study aims to analyze the social representations on the ethical and bioethical aspects in the research elaborated by academics of the Dentistry Course.
Methods: it is a qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations carried out with 80 academics of the Dentistry course. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview script, processed in the IRaMuTeQ and analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. The study followed the ethical standards recommended by Resolution n. 466/2012, obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of UNINOVAFAPI University Center.
Results: The corpus analyzed in the study is composed of 79 units of initial context (UCI) with use of 62%. The results are presented in four classes, namely: 4. The understanding of Ethics and Bioethics in research; 3. Researcher's social position; 1. Legal responsibilities of the researcher and 2. Normative aspects of research ethics - legal basis.
Conclusion: Scholars represent ethical and bioethical aspects in research as essential to respect human dignity and protect the lives of research participants, with a focus on normative aspects of research ethics through Research Committees. Their attitudes are guided by their conditions of life, their beliefs and cultures of different social contexts.
Keywords: Bioethics, ethics, social psychology
Timed Up And Go Risk Predictor Of Falls In Elderly People Residing In The Community?
Get PDFObjective: evaluate the risk of falls of elderly people residing in a community in northeastern Brazil using the “Timed up and go”.
Method: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, performed with elderly people residing in a community. The collected data related to the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of episodes of falls in the last two years, regular practice of physical exercise and complaint of pain at the time of the interview; and, at last, the application of the “Timed Up and Go” test.
Result: Most of the elderly were classified as free and independent and independent. There is a direct relationship between advanced age and increased time to perform the test. Conclusion: the "Timed Up and Go" test was not effective in predicting risk of falls alone and should associate with other indicators.
Descriptors: Elderly people; Accidents by fall; Walking; Postural balance
Morningness, Eveningness And Stress Perception In Physical Education Students
Get PDFObjective: to identify the stress levels and sleeping habits of students from the Physical Education college during the diurnal and nocturnal periods.
Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive study with 103 subjects. Data were collected through the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory and the Horne & Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Identification Questionnaire, and sociodemographic data.
Results: The stress indexes showed 53.40% of students without stress and 46.6% with stress. When comparing gender and stress using the chi-square test, one obtained (p=0.0411), indicating that women are more stressed than men. There were 61.1% of students classified with indifferent chronotype. Among the students, 80.4% from the diurnal period were not suitable for the chronotype, as well as 74.5% of the students from the nocturnal period were not either.
Conclusion: the majority of the students did not present the chronotype adequate for the study schedule and they presented stress, being more frequent in the female group
Quality Of Life And Prevalence Of Burnout Syndrome In Higher Education Teachers
Get PDFIntroduction: Burnout Syndrome, in the twenty-first century, appears among the most common mental disorder among teachers resulting from the interaction between individual aspects and the working environment, interpreted as a response to chronic job stress.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and quality of life of higher education teachers in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil.
Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed with 174 teachers from institutions of higher education.
Results: The burnout syndrome was observed in only 3.4% of teachers. However, the recorded data require a closer look at the health of the teachers investigated, since a considerable part of them are in the score limit for disease development. Regarding the quality of life of teachers who presented the manifestations of the syndrome, the physical and psychological domains were shown to be the worst for most subjects.
Conclusion: There are teachers in higher education, executing their profession, affected by burnout syndrome, suggesting a relationship between this psychosocial phenomenon and the labor context, permeating the three dimensions proposed by Maslach and Leiter: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and the lack of personal fulfillment.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3823/251
Advance directives of patient’s will: A study among resident physicians
No full textIntroduction: The advance directives of the patient's will are a tool that prioritizes the will, intention and discernment of the patient, it was conducted in the form of a document that expresses the types of treatments that the individual wishes to receive in the instant that he or she is not able to make their own decisions anymore.
Objective: To investigate the level of agreement of resident physicians in a public hospital, about the Resolution 1995/2012 of the Federal Council of Medicine of Brazil which deals with Advance Directives.
Methods: This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. To collect data, an adapted questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions and also questions about the subject was used, using the Likert scale. It was performed a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis by the Chi square adherence test.
Results: It was found that about 98% of the participants fully or partly agree to respect the wishes of the patients or their representatives, if they are unable to express themselves. However, 73% of participants reported to disregard the wishes of the patient if they contravene the Medical Ethics Code and 76.9% of physicians agree that advance directives should be recorded in the medical record. It is noteworthy that expressed favorable that the wishes of the patient prevails over the wishes of the family.
Conclusion: It is noticed that the physicians participating in the research, understand and agree with the assumptions of Resolution 1995/2012 of the Federal Council of Medicine of Brazil, which guides as the Advance Directives, considering it adequate and appropriate to direct medical action against dilemmas and conflictive situations that commonly arise in the management of patients in terminal condition.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/235
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Impacts And Changes In Life Of Carriers Undergoing Treatment
No full textDiagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma introduce a new routine, and the habitual life of the young adult is interrupted because the treatment imposes on patients withdrawing from their environment, their productive activities, their relatives and their daily life. The aim of the present is study is to understand the reality of the young adult carrier of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the face of treatment. This is a qualitative study; subjects were patients diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma at a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil. Inclusion criteria were being undergoing treatment or follow-up of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and aged 18 to 35 years. The information was collected through an interview at the home of each subject in the period from August and September 2015. The interviews were recorded, transcribed in full and analyzed through thematic analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The subjects went through a rather individual pathway to discover the disease. After reading the interviews, the following category emerged: Impact and changes in life with cancer. They feel the impact of cancer and of the process of illness and treatment that promote physical and social changes. They reveal the coping of the disease with liveliness, and present strategies for this process, such as the support of family and friends. They recognize the existence of difficult moments and face situations of death, but they show intention to return to their daily activities and have perspectives for cure.