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Organic Chemistry I Drill (CHEM2210D) - 3rd Module-Resonance Arrows and Acid-Base Reactions
No full textThis module teaches Resonace, Using curved arrows and Acid-base reaction
Organic Chemistry II Drill (CHEM2220D). Reactions and Synthesis - Summary
Get PDFSummary of reactions and synthesi
The Lived Experiences of Black Males in Special Education: A Phenomenological Study of Parents and Students
Get PDFBlack males rank highest among students who choose to leave school; are suspended, expelled, or kicked out of school; score poorly on tests; have low GPAs and high rates of referral and placement in special education; and are underrepresented in gifted education (e.g., NCES, 2005; Whiting, 2004) as cited in Whiting (2006a). The purpose of this study was to generate an understanding of the attitudes and beliefs related to special education referral and placement of Black males as perceived by six Black students and their parents. The focus of this phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences of six Special Education high school students and their parents participating in the Special Education setting in a large urban district in Southeastern Louisiana. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the concept of Critical Race Theory (CRT) (Cole, 2017; Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Ladson-Billings & Tate, 2016; Yosso, 2006). Key findings suggest that state and federally aligned evaluation procedures, parental involvement/advocacy, and culturally relevant pedagogical practices could serve as a starting point for reducing the number of Black males disproportionately placed in Special Education
McNair Program - Projects With a Purpose - Hilary Smith
No full textA photograph of Hilary Smith, McNair Scholar, Xavier University of Louisiana engaged in community service project.https://digitalcommons.xula.edu/mcnair_service/1002/thumbnail.jp
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of a Series of Novel 1-Oxa-4-Azaspiro[4,5]Deca-6,9-Diene-3,8-Dione Derivatives.
No full textA series of novel 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-3,8-diones were designed and synthesized by using 4-aminophenol and α-glycolic acid or lactic acid as starting materials in three or four steps. The key step is the metal-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of the amide to 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-3,8-diones (10a and 10b), the reaction conditions of which are investigated and optimized. The anticancer activity of 17 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5] deca-6,9-diene-3,8-dione derivatives was evaluated. Preliminary results showed that 15 compounds have moderate to potent activity against human lung cancer A549, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and human cervical cancer HeLa cancer cell lines. Among them, compounds 11b and 11h were the most potent against A549 cell line with 0.18 and 0.19 µM of IC50, respectively; compounds 11d, 11h, and 11k showed the most potent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell line with 0.08, 0.08, and 0.09 µM of IC50, respectively, while the activities of 11h, 11k, and 12c against HeLa cell line were the most potent with 0.15, 0.14, and 0.14 µM of IC50, respectively. Compound 11h is a promising candidate for further development, which emerged as the most effective compound overall against the three tested cancer cell lines
Interview with Dr. David Robinson-Morris about the book Ubuntu and Buddhism in Higher Education: An Ontological Rethinking .
No full textBook: Ubuntu and Buddhism in Higher Education: An Ontological Rethinking (Dr. David Robinson-Morris
Intestinal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in a Population of Beluga Whales with High Levels of Gastrointestinal Cancers.
No full textCarcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were disposed directly into the Saguenay River of the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) by local aluminum smelters (Quebec, Canada) for 50 years (1926–1976). PAHs in the river sediments are likely etiologically related to gastrointestinal epithelial cancers observed in 7% of 156 mature (\u3e19-year old) adult beluga found dead along the shorelines. Because DNA adduct formation provides a critical link between exposure and cancer induction, and because PAH–DNA adducts are chemically stable, we hypothesized that SLE beluga intestine would contain PAH–DNA adducts. Using an antiserum specific for DNA modified with several carcinogenic PAHs, we stained sections of paraffin-embedded intestine from 51 SLE beluga (0–63 years), 4 Cook Inlet (CI) Alaska beluga (0–26 years), and 20 beluga (0–46 years) living in Arctic areas (Eastern Beaufort Sea, Eastern Chukchi Sea, Point Lay Alaska) and aquaria, all with low PAH contamination. Stained sections showed nuclear light-to-dark pink color indicating the presence of PAH–DNA adducts concentrated in intestinal crypt epithelial lining cells. Scoring of whole tissue sections revealed higher values for the 51 SLE beluga, compared with the 20 Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003). The H-scoring system, applied to coded individual photomicrographs, confirmed that SLE beluga and CI beluga had levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts significantly higher than Arctic and aquarium beluga (P = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, high levels of intestinal PAH–DNA adducts in four SLE beluga with gastrointestinal cancers, considered as a group, support a link of causality between PAH exposure and intestinal cancer in SLE beluga. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:29–41, 2019
Obesity-Altered Adipose Stem Cells Promote ER+ Breast Cancer Metastasis Through Estrogen Independent Pathways.
No full textAdipose stem cells (ASCs) play an essential role in tumor microenvironments. These cells are altered by obesity (obASCs) and previous studies have shown that obASCs secrete higher levels of leptin. Increased leptin, which upregulates estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and aromatase, enhances estrogen bioavailability and signaling in estrogen receptor positive (ER+ ) breast cancer (BC) tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we evaluate the effect of obASCs on ER+ BC outside of the ERα signaling axis using breast cancer models with constitutively active ERα resulting from clinically relevant mutations (Y537S and D538G). We found that while obASCs promote tumor growth and proliferation, it occurs mostly through abrogated estrogen signaling when BC has constitutive ER activity. However, obASCs have a similar promotion of metastasis irrespective of ER status, demonstrating that obASC promotion of metastasis may not be completely estrogen dependent. We found that obASCs upregulate two genes in both ER wild type (WT) and ER mutant (MUT) BC: SERPINE1 and ABCB1. This study demonstrates that obASCs promote metastasis in ER WT and MUT xenografts and an ER MUT patient derived xenograft (PDX) model. However, obASCs promote tumor growth only in ER WT xenografts
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Boron-Containing Prodrug of Belinostat (Zl277), a Pan Hdac Inhibitor with Enhanced Bioavailability
No full textZL277 is a prodrug of belinostat with enhanced bioavailability and efficacy as a pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ZL277 in liver S9 fractions, liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and in mice. Metabolic products were identified and quantified by a combination of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The in vitro metabolic profile of ZL277 includes ZL277-B(OH)2-452, the major oxidative metabolite ZL277-OH-424, the active ingredient belinostat, belinostat amide, belinostat acid, and methylated belinostat in liver S9 fractions. Both ZL277-OH-424 and belinostat underwent further glucuronidation in liver microsome, whereas only ZL277-OH-424, but not belinostat, underwent some level of sulfation in rat liver cytosols. These metabolites were examined in plasma and in a breast tumor model in vivo. They were also examined in urine and feces from mice treated with ZL277. The pharmacokinetic study of ZL277 showed the parameters of active drug belinostat with a half-life (t1/2) of 10.7 h, an area under curve value (AUC) of 1506.9 ng/mL*h, and a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 172 ng/mL, reached 3 h after a single dose of 10 mg/kg. The hydrolysis product of the prodrug, ZL277-B(OH)2-452 showed an AUC of 8306 ng/mL*h and Cmax of 931 ng/mL 3 h after drug administration
TRPM7 Induces Mechanistic Target of Rap1b Through the Downregulation of miR-28-5p in Glioma Proliferation and Invasion.
No full textObjectives: Our previous findings demonstrate that channel-kinase transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7) is critical in regulating human glioma cell migration and invasion. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in complex regulatory networks that may affect almost every cellular and molecular process during glioma formation and progression, we explored the role of miRNAs in human glioma progression by comparing miRNA expression profiles due to differentially expressed TRPM7. Methods: First, we performed miRNA microarray analysis to determine TRPM7\u27s miRNA targets upon TRPM7 silencing in A172 cells and validated the miRNA microarray data using A172, U87MG, U373MG, and SNB19 cell lines by stem-loop RT-qPCRs. We next determined whether TRPM7 regulates glioma cell proliferation and migration/invasion through different functional domains by overexpressing wild-type human TRPM7 (wtTRPM7), two mutants with TRPM7\u27s α-kinase domain deleted (Δkinase-DK), or a point mutation in the ATP binding site of the α-kinase domain (K1648R-KR). In addition, we determined the roles of miR-28-5p in glioma cell proliferation and invasion by overexpressing or under expressing miR-28-5p in vitro. Lastly, we determined whether a Ras-related small GTP-binding protein (Rap1b) is a target of miR-28-5p in glioma tumorigenesis. Results: The miRNA microarray data revealed a list of 16 downregulated and 10 upregulated miRNAs whose transcripts are significantly changed by TRPM7 knock-down. Cell invasion was significantly reduced in two TRPM7 mutants with inactive kinase domain, Δkinase, and K1648R transfected glioma cells. miR-28-5p overexpression suppressed glioma cells\u27 proliferation and invasion, and miR-28-5p under expression led to a significant increase in glioma cell proliferation and migration/invasion compared to that of the controls. miR-28-5p suppressed glioma cell proliferation and migration by targeting Rap1b. Co-transfection of siRap1b with miR28-5p inhibitor reduced the glioma cell proliferation and invasion, caused by the latter. Conclusions: These results indicate that TRPM7\u27s channel activity is required for glioma cell growth while the kinase domain is required for cell migration/invasion. TRPM7 regulates miR-28-5p expression, which suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in glioma cells by targeting Rap1b signaling