Journal of Ideas in Health (JIDHealth)
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Serratia Fonticola microbe presented as a community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI): a case report
Get PDFBackground: The case we are presenting is about one of the rare pathogens, Serratia Fonticola (SF) that may cause urinary tract infection.
Case Presentation: A 58 years-old female presented with dysuria, suprapubic pain, frequency of micturition, and change in urine color. The patient was afebrile on physical examination; however, the urine culture was positive to SF as the sole isolate. The patient received levofloxacin tables (750 mg) once a day for 5 days along with supportive instructions to improve hygiene. On follow-up, she was free of symptoms and the repeated urine culture was negative.
Conclusion: This case can be considered globally the third that diagnosed in the urine culture of the asymptomatic patient.
References
Geerlings SE. Clinical presentations and epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Microbiol. Spectr. 4, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555817404.ch2
Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 May;13(5):269-84. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3432
Gavini F, Ferragut C, Izard D, Trinel PA, Leclerc H, Lefebvre B, Mossel DA. Serratia fonticola, a new species from water. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 1979;29(2):92-101. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-29-2-92
Aljorayid A, Viau R, Castellino L, Jump RL. Serratia fonticola, pathogen or bystander? A case series and review of the literature. IDCases. 2016 May 24; 5:6-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2016.05.003
Müller HE. Isolation of Serratia fonticola from birds. Zentralblatt Bakteriol Mikrobiol Und Hyg - Abt 1 Orig A 1986; 261:212–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80038-4
Garcia ME, Lanzarot P, Costas E, Lopez Rodas V, Marín M, Blanco JL. Isolation of Serratia fonticola from skin lesions in a Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) with an associated septicaemia. Vet J. 2008 May;176(2):254-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.025.
Bollet C, Gainnier M, Sainty JM, Orhesser P, De Micco P. Serratia Fonticola isolated from a leg abscess. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:834–5. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.29.4.834-835.1991
Farmer JJ 3rd, Davis BR, Hickman-Brenner FW, McWhorter A, Huntley-Carter GP, Asbury MA, Riddle C, Wathen-Grady HG, Elias C, Fanning GR, et al. Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Jan;21(1):46-76. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.21.1.46-76.1985
Stock I, Burak S, Sherwood KJ, Gruger T, Wiedemann B. Natural antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of \u27unusual\u27 Serratia species: S. ficaria, S. fonticola, S. odorifera, S. plymuthica and S. rubidaea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;51(4):865-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg156.
Gorret J, Chevalier J, Gaschet A, Fraisse B, Violas P, Chapuis M, Anne JG. Childhood delayed septic arthritis of the knee caused by Serratia fonticola. Knee 2009; 16 (6):512–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2009.02.008
Hai PD, Hoa LTV, Tot NH, Phuong LL, Quang VV, Thuyet BT, Son PN. First report of biliary tract infection caused by multidrug-resistant Serratia fonticola. New Microbes New Infect. 2020; 36:100692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100692
Conclusion: This case can be considered globally the third that diagnosed in the urine culture of the asymptomatic patient
Monsoon vicissitude in COVID-19 and the vulnerable Indian health care system: an urgent call to circumvent the impending doom
Get PDFWith the escalating number of covid-19 positive cases and amidst the glooming shadows of an anticipated second wave of the covid-19 pandemic, the health care system of a developing country like India is already under pressure. With the encroachment of monsoon season, the ghosts of the past haunt India. Monsoon brings along endemic diseases like dengue, malaria, swine flu, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, etc. Every year there is significant morbidity and mortality. These diseases have clinical features of fever, sore throat, and body aches in common, which also happens to be the common manifestations of covid-19. The growing stigma related to COVID-19, the fake news, and fear related to hospitalization and isolation may lead to low reporting cases to the hospitals. Lockdown and non-availability of beds may perplex the situation further. There is an urgent need of the hour to address this grave issue to prevent a major mishappening. A comprehensive evaluation of the health-care systems is desperately needed, especially on the fronts of governance, decision making, scientific and technical advice, and operational capacity. 
Patient satisfaction in outpatient medical care: the case of Iraq
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Background: Healthcare providers are increasingly interested in patient satisfaction as an indicator to assess the quality of health services. This study investigates the level of satisfaction among Iraqi patients attending the outpatient (OP) clinic.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2019 among outpatient attendees in two busiest centers in Iraq. A convenience sample of 235 (response rate of 88.0%) completed the self-administered short-form patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-18). The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and self-perceived health status. Data were analyzed in SPSS, where descriptive analysis (mean ± standard deviation) and univariate (independent sample t-test, ANOVA test) and multivariate linear regression “Enter technique” was done at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 39.3 (±14.8). The sample was mostly women (55.3%), and 37.4% in the age group of 30-49 years. More than half of participants residing in the urban regions (54.5%) from families of monthly household income less than 500,000 Iraq Dinars (USD 400). However, the majority (70.6%) have the first visit to the OP clinic, and 53.6% self-perceived health as good or very good. Results of multiple linear regression showed that patients residents in rural regions (B= 5.4 , P <0.001), married (B= 4.8, P <0.001), unemployed (B= 4.7, P <0.001) and low educated (B= 1.5, P <0.051) exhibited higher service satisfaction score compared to urban residents, single, employed and high educated participants respectively. However, patients aged fifty years and more (B= -2.1, P <0.001) and those with poor health (B=-2.5, P <0.001) exhibited lower service satisfaction scores compared to young age patients and the healthy participants, respectively.
Conclusion: The high demand for the use of health resources in metropolitan cities by the rural population indicates inequality in the distribution of health services and an increase in the rural-to-urban displacement
Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19?
Get PDFOne of the most prominent flaws in the world revealed by COVID-19 is the lack of prior preparation to collectively face international crises. Even at the national level, preparation was meager, as demonstrated by reading the size of the budget approved for health and education versus the budget approved for armament and military actions. It seems that the world was busy preparing for wars and forgot to promote the individual, community, and global health
Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis with involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and the scrotum: a case report
Get PDFEmphysematous epididymo-orchitis is a rare clinical entity. Up until July 2020, only 9 cases have been reported in PubMed and Scopus platforms, one of which also had scrotal involvement. Therefore, we are reporting the second case with prostate, seminal vesicle, and scrotal involvement. The condition represents an aggressive form of infection caused by gas-forming microbes. The radiological detection of air within the organs involved in the characteristic diagnostic sign. The case we are reporting is a 47 years old diabetic, chronic renal failure patient on regular hemodialysis who had a fulminant emphysematous infection in the left testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and the scrotum. Emergency orchiectomy has been carried out. The most significant part of the case is the pictures showing ballooning scrotum and gas bubbles in abnormal anatomical locations
Cotrimoxazole as adjuvant therapy in critical ill COVID 19 patients
Get PDFThe ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced us to consider using available drugs in the shortfall of vaccines and established treatment. Cotrimoxazole is one of the oldest drugs presently used in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) etc. It is a combination of two drugs Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole. This cost-effective old drug is well tolerated among the population with the concomitant use of folic acid; moreover, it also looks after the secondary infections. To conclude, Cotrimoxazole can be used as critically ill COVID-19 patients.
References
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive care Med. 2020;46(5): 846–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x
Rozin A, Schapira D, Braun-Moscovici Y, Nahir AM. Cotrimoxazole treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2001;31(2):133-41.
Bourke CD, Gough EK, Pimundu G, Shonhai A, Berejena C, Terry L, et al. Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(486): eaav0537. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed. aav0537
Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun. 2020; 111:102452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452
Vickers IE, Smikle MF. The immunomodulatory effect of antibiotics on the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stimulation. West Indian Med J. 2006;55(3):138-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0043-31442006000300002
Onyebuagu PC, Kiridi K, Pughikumo DT. Effects of septrin administration on blood cells parameters in humans. Int. J. Basic Appl. Innov. Res, 2014;3(1): 14 -8. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbair/article/view/104688
Ho JMW, Juurlink DN. Considerations when prescribing trimethoprim– sulfamethoxazole. CMAJ. 2011; 183(16):1851-8. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111152
Mahan CS, Walusimbi M, Johnson DF, Lancioni C, Charlebois E, Baseke J, et al. Tuberculosis treatment in HIV infected Ugandans with CD4 counts .350 cells/mm3 reduces immune activation with no effect on HIV load or CD4 count. PLoS one.2010;5(2): e9138. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009138
Varney VA, Smith B, Quirke G, Parnell H, Ratnatheepan S, Bansal AS, et al. P49 the effects of oral cotrimoxazole upon neutrophil and monocyte activation in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and healthy controls; does this relate to its action in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2017;72: A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.19
Effect of concomitant HIV infection on adverse drug reactions by first line antitubercular drugs - a case series analysis
Get PDFThe pattern and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to first-line anti-tubercular drugs in solely tubercular and TB-HIV co-infected patients could be different due to drug-disease and drug-drug interactions in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Nevertheless, the studies regarding this aspect are very meager. Hence a retrospective appraisal of individual case safety reports (ICSR) due to first-line antitubercular drugs spontaneously submitted to the ADR monitoring center was done for solely tubercular and TB-HIV coinfected patients. Out of eight ICSRs, four had concomitant HIV infection, and two of them were on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Co-infected patients showed rare and severe ADRs like optic neuritis, acute renal failure, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In contrast, four non-HIV co-infected tubercular patients suffered from comparatively less severe cutaneous reactions and vertigo. A high negative (-0.774) correlation coefficient between HIV co-infection and recovery status found that HIV co-infected patients had low chances of fully recovering. In conclusion, HIV co-infection and ARV drugs can affect the pattern, severity, and recovery status of adverse drug reactions due to first-line antitubercular drugs
Conundrums of the second line health care workers during the time of a pandemic: analytical solutions based on the experience from a developing country
Get PDFThe COVID 19 pandemic has affected the entire world, and it is continuing to spread morbidity, mortality, and chaos. The second line of health care workers who are not treating the COVID 19 infected patients also plays a significant role during this pandemic by treating other diseases and screening for COVID 19 infection. Nevertheless, many of them still struggle to identify and understand their role, lost between the idea of self-protection and principles of medical ethics. This article is trying to break the ice by solving a few common conundrums based on India\u27s experiences
The second wave of COVID-19 is knocking at the doors: have we learned the lesson?
Get PDFIn light of escalating rates of COVID-19 cases, the world stands stunned. The health, social, and global economic situation continues to deteriorate. The seriousness of the situation became evident to most people, yet no one had a radical solution. Scientifically, there is no sure treatment for viral infections other than strengthening the immune system. Therefore, the idea of a vaccine is the most appropriate to reduce infections. However, vaccines will not be accessible to everyone, considering the genetic changes that the virus may create later. The idea of re-imposing a global quarantine, with international leadership for a limited period, is emerging as a strategic alternative, on the condition that it should be launched simultaneously in all countries of the world. To ensure the quarantine\u27s success, all countries must adhere to the comments of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
References
World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT –1, 21 JANUARY 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf [Accessed on 08 October 2020].
Fani M, Teimoori A, Ghafari S. Comparison of the COVID-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Future Virol. 2020:10.2217/fvl-2020-0050. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0050
Ali Jadoo, SA. Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19? Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(1):123-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss1.45
Worldometer, Coronavirus Cases. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/? [Accessed on 08 October 2020]
Cyranoski D. Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic. Nature, 04 MAY 2020. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7 [Accessed on 08 October 2020].
CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Considerations for Wearing Masks Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html [Accessed on 08 October 2020].
Atalan A. Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-9 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020; 56:38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010.
Gewin V. On the front lines of the coronavirus-vaccine battle. Nature; 2020 Apr 16. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01116-y [Accessed on 08 October 2020].
Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, Azman AS, Reich NG, Lessler J. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(9):577-582. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504.
Acter T, Uddin N, Das J, Akhter A, Choudhury TR, Kim S. Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 730:138996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996.
Ali Jadoo SA. COVID -19 pandemic is a worldwide typical biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(2):152-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss2.58
Infectious serology, how to test large series without pooling samples
Get PDFPooling samples for serological testing was used first during the second world war. It was described later as a cost-effective technique permitting large screening of populations, especially for new infectious diseases. However, the dilution effect is responsible for decreasing sensitivity, limiting its use in practice, especially in blood banking. In this paper, we describe a modification of the classic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure, which permits the test of indefinite samples using just one well. Specimens are tested pure one by one without any dilution, so sensitivity remains unchanged. This new procedure is time-consuming but can be considered as a revolution in qualitative ELISA testing